Yes: This fungus has been recorded on Vitis species (Farr and Rossman 2011) and is associated with cane bleaching (Phillips 2000). Therefore, dormant cuttings may provide a pathway for this fungus.
Yes: This fungus has established in areas with a wide range of climatic conditions (Phillips 2000) and it may spread in infected propagative material. Therefore, this fungus has the potential to establish and spread in Australia.
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No: This fungus has been reported on grapes, but no economic losses have been reported (Phillips 2000). Therefore, this fungus is not of economic concern to Australia.
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Truncatella angustata (Pers.) S. Hughes [Xylariales: Amphisphaeriaceae]
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Yes (Sergeeva et al. 2005)
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Assessment not required
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Tryblidaria indica Tilak [Patellariales Patellariaceae]
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Not known to occur
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No: This fungus has been recorded on Vitis species (Farr and Rossman 2011), but affected plant parts are not mentioned. Since it was reported on Vitis species in India in 1966 (Farr and Rossman 2011), it has not been reported from any other country, indicating dormant cuttings do not provide a pathway for this fungus.
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Assessment not required
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Tubercularia acinorum Cavara [Hypocreales: Nectriaceae]
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Yes (Farr and Rossman 2011)
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Assessment not required
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Tubeufia pezizula (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) M.E. Barr [Pleosporales: Tubeufiaceae]
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Yes (Farr and Rossman 2011)
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Assessment not required
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Typhula viticola (Peck) Berthier [Agaricales: Typhulaceae]
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Not known to occur
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No: This fungus has been recorded on Vitis species (Farr and Rossman 2011), but affected plant parts are not mentioned. Typhula species generally occur on fallen, rotting leaves (Farr et al. 1989). Therefore, foliage free dormant cuttings do not provide a pathway for this fungus.
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Assessment not required
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Ulocladium atrum Preuss [Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae]
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Yes (PHA 2001)
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Assessment not required
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Uredo cissicola Cummins [Unassigned]
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Not known to occur
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No: These fungi have been recorded on Vitis species (Farr and Rossman 2011), but affected plant parts are not mentioned. Uredo species generally occur on leaves and cause leaf rust (Farr et al. 1989). Therefore, foliage free dormant cuttings do not provide a pathway for these fungi.
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Assessment not required
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Uredo cissi-pterocladae Hirats. [Unassigned]
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Not known to occur
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Assessment not required
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Uromyces cladomanes Traverso [Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae]
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Not known to occur
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No: This fungus has been recorded on Vitis species (Farr and Rossman 2011), but affected plant parts are not mentioned. Uromyces species are generally associated with leaf and stem rust (Farr et al. 1989). However, since it was reported on Vitis in 1937, it has not been reported from any other country, indicating that dormant cuttings do not provide a pathway for this fungus.
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Assessment not required
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Valsa ceratosperma (Tode) Maire [Diaporthales: Valsaceae]
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Yes (PHA 2001)
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Assessment not required
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Valsa vitigera Cooke [Diaporthales: Valsaceae]
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Not known to occur
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No: This fungus has been recorded on Vitis species (Farr and Rossman 2011), but affected plant parts are not mentioned. Most Valsa species affect the dead twigs and bark of mature trees (Jones and Aldwinkle 1991, Farr and Rossman 2011). Therefore, semi-hardwood dormant cuttings do not provide a pathway for this fungus.
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Assessment not required
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Valsaria insitiva (Tode) Ces. & De Not. [Diaporthales: Valsaceae]
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Not known to occur
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No: This fungus has been recorded on Vitis species (Farr and Rossman 2011), but affected plant parts are not mentioned. Generally, this species is saprobic on dead wood (Farr et al. 1989; Ellis and Ellis 1997). Therefore, dormant cuttings do not provide a pathway for this fungus.
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Assessment not required
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Vararia pectinata (Burt) DP Rogers & HS Jacks. [Russulales: Lachnocladiaceae]
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Not known to occur
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No: This fungus has been recorded on Vitis species (Farr and Rossman 2011), but affected plant parts are not mentioned. Generally, Vararia species occur on wood and dead branches (Farr et al. 1989). Therefore, dormant cuttings do not provide a pathway for this fungus.
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Assessment not required
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Vermicularia compacta Cooke & Ellis [Incertae sedis: Glomerellaceae]
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Yes (PHA 2001)
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Assessment not required
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Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold [Incertae sedis: Plectosphaerellaceae]
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Yes (Walker 1990)
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Assessment not required
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Verticillium dahliae Kleb. [Incertae sedis: Plectosphaerellaceae]
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Yes (Harding and Wicks 2007)
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Assessment not required
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Xenosporium berkeleyi (M.A. Curtis) Piroz. [Pleosporales: Tubeufiaceae]
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Not known to occur
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No: This fungus has been recorded on Vitis species (Farr and Rossman 2011), but affected plant parts are not mentioned. Generally, this species occurs on decaying, woody substrates (Farr and Rossman 2011). Therefore, semi-hardwood dormant cuttings do not provide a pathway for this fungus.
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Assessment not required
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Xylaria arbuscula Sacc. [Xylariales: Xylariaceae]
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Not known to occur
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No: This fungus has been recorded on Vitis species (Farr and Rossman 2011), but affected plant parts are not mentioned. Generally, Xylaria species cause decay of dead stumps and hardwood timber (Sivanesan and Holliday 1972). Therefore, semi-hardwood dormant cuttings do not provide a pathway for this fungus.
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Assessment not required
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Xylaria hypoxylon (L.) Grev. [Xylariales: Xylariaceae]
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Yes (PHA 2001)
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Assessment not required
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Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev. [Xylariales: Xylariaceae]
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Yes (PHA 2001)
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Assessment not required
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STRAMINOPILA
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Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert & Cohn) J. Schröt. [Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae]
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Yes (Golzar et al. 2007)
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Assessment not required
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Phytophthora cambivora (Petri) Buisman [Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae]
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Yes (Wicks and Hall 1990)
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Assessment not required
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Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands [Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae]
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Yes (Cahill et al. 2008)
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Assessment not required
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Phytophthora citricola Sawada [Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae]
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Yes (Stukely et al. 2007)
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Assessment not required
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Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybr. & Laff. [Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae]
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Yes (Stukely et al. 2007)
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Assessment not required
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Phytophthora drechsleri Tucker [Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae]
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Yes (Stukely et al. 2007)
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Assessment not required
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Phytophthora megasperma Drechsler [Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae]
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Yes (Stukely et al. 2007)
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Assessment not required
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Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan [Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae]
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Yes (Stukely et al. 2007)
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Assessment not required
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Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. & De Toni [Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae]
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Yes (Constable and Drew 2004)
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Assessment not required
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Pythium acanthicum Drechsler [Pythiales: Pythiaceae]
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Yes (Vaartaja 1965)
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Assessment not required
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Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp. [Pythiales: Pythiaceae]
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Yes (Male and Vawdrey 2010)
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Assessment not required
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Pythium debaryanum R. Hesse [Pythiales: Pythiaceae]
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Yes (Wong et al. 1985)
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Assessment not required
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Pythium irregulare Buisman [Pythiales: Pythiaceae]
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Yes (Vaartaja 1965)
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Assessment not required
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Pythium mamillatum Meurs [Pythiales: Pythiaceae
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Yes (Vaartaja 1965)
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Assessment not required
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Pythium middletonii Sparrow [Pythiales: Pythiaceae]
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Yes (Irwin and Jones 1977)
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Assessment not required
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Pythium parasiticum S. Rajagop. & K. Ramakr. [Pythiales: Pythiaceae]
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Not known to occur
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No: Pythium species are soil-borne and infect the roots of host plants, causing various rots, lesions, damping-off, discoloration, abnormal growth, dieback and death (Farr and Rossman 2011). Therefore, root free dormant cuttings do not provide a pathway for this fungus.
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Assessment not required
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Pythium rostratum E.J. Butler [Pythiales: Pythiaceae]
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Yes (Vaartaja 1965)
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Assessment not required
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Pythium spinosum Sawada [Pythiales: Pythiaceae]
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Yes (Wong et al. 1985)
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Assessment not required
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Pythium splendens Hans Braun [Pythiales: Pythiaceae]
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Yes (PHA 2001)
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Assessment not required
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Pythium sylvaticum WA Campbell & FF Hendrix [Pythiales: Pythiaceae]
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Not known to occur
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No: Pythium species are soil-borne and infect the roots of host plants, causing various rots, lesions, damping-off, discoloration, abnormal growth, dieback and death (Farr and Rossman 2011). Therefore, root free dormant cuttings do not provide a pathway for this fungus.
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Assessment not required
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Pythium ultimum Trow [Pythiales: Pythiaceae]
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Yes (Vaartaja 1965)
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Assessment not required
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Pythium vexans de Bary [Pythiales: Pythiaceae]
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Yes (Irwin and Jones 1977)
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Assessment not required
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PHYTOPLASMA20
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Buckland Valley grapevine yellows (BVGY) Phytoplasma [16SrI–related]
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Yes (Constable 2010)
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Assessment not required
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Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris [16SrI – Aster yellows group]21 (Virginia grapevine yellows I (VGYI), Aster yellow phytoplasma)
|
Not known to occur
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Yes: Phytoplasmas are obligate parasitic, phloem-restricted pathogens that cause grapevine yellows22 (Weintraub and Jones 2010). Several molecularly distinct phytoplasma groups which cause grapevine yellows have been identified (Hren et al. 2009). Phytoplasmas are transmitted by propagative material (Caudwell et al. 1994). Propagative material therefore provides a pathway for this phytoplasma.
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Yes: Candidatus phytoplasma asteris has established in areas with a wide range of climatic conditions of different grapevine regions of the world (Constable 2010) and can spread naturally in infected propagative material (Caudwell et al. 1994; Matus et al. 2008; Constable 2010). Distribution of infected propagative material will help spread grape infecting phytoplasmas within Australia. Therefore, grape infecting phytoplasmas have the potential to establish and spread in Australia.
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Yes: The aster yellows group of phytoplasmas are associated with over 100 economically important diseases worldwide (Lee et al. 2004a). Typical symptoms of grapevine yellows include leaf chlorosis and rolling, flower abortion or berry withering, uneven or total lack of lignification of canes and stunting (Olivier et al. 2009b). Therefore, this phytoplasma group has the potential for economic consequences in Australia.
|
Yes
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Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense [16SrXII–B] (strains: Australian grapevine yellows (AGY) Phytoplasma)
|
Yes (Constable 2010)
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Assessment not required
|
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Candidatus Phytoplasma fraxini [16SrVII A] (Ash yellows group) – Chile grapevine yellows strain
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Not known to occur
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