Space Debris Affirmative
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- EDDE vehicle substantial better than removal of debris by rockets-shorter time frame, more efficient, and less risky.
- EDDE Solvency (3/3)
- Empirically proven by Japan, robotic space stations like the US’s EDDE can effectively remove space debris.
EDDE Solvency (2/3)EDDE is affordable and effective at removing space debris.Pearson et.al 10(Jerome Pearson, Ohio Eta ’61, is president of STAR, Inc., a small business in Mount Pleasant, SC, that has developed aircraft, spacecraft, and space-tether concepts for DOD and NASA. He invented the Earth and lunar space elevators, developed multi-winglets for lowered aircraft drag, published engineering solutions to global warming and space debris, and conceived the propellantless electrodynamic spacecraft EDDE. Before founding his firm, he was an engineer at NASA Langley and Ames research centers and a branch chief for the Air Force Research Laboratory. He has degrees in engineering and geology and is author of nearly 100 technical publications, including invited articles for Encyclopaedia Britannica and New Scientist. An associate fellow of AIAA, a fellow of the BIS, and a member of the International Academy of Astronautics, ACTIVE DEBRIS REMOVAL: EDDE, THE ELECTRODYNAMIC DEBRIS ELIMINATOR, 2010, http://www.star-tech-inc.com/papers/EDDE_IAC_Final_Paper.pdf, rn) The ElectroDynamic Debris Eliminator (EDDE) is a low-cost solution for LEO space debris removal. EDDE can affordably remove nearly all the 2,465 objects of more than 2 kg that are now in 500-2000 km orbits. That is more than 99% of the total mass, collision area, and debris-generation potential in LEO. EDDE is a propellantless vehicle that reacts against the Earth's magnetic field. EDDE can climb about 200 km/day and change orbit plane at 1.5/day, even in polar orbit. No other electric vehicle can match these rates, much less sustain them for years. After catching and releasing one object, EDDE can climb and torque its orbit to reach another object within days, while actively avoiding other catalogued objects. Binocular imaging allows accurate relative orbit determination from a distance. Capture uses lightweight expendable nets and real-time man-in-the-loop control. After capture, EDDE drags debris down and releases it and the net into a short-lived orbit safely below ISS, or can take it to a storage/recycling facility. EDDE can also sling debris into controlled reentry, or can include an adjustable drag device with the net before release, to allow later adjustment of payload reentry location. A dozen 100-kg EDDE vehicles could remove nearly all 2166 tons of LEO orbital debris in 7 years. EDDE enables and justifies a shift in focus, from simply reducing the rate of debris growth to active wholesale removal of all large debris objects in LEO. EDDE vehicle substantial better than removal of debris by rockets-shorter time frame, more efficient, and less risky.Pearson et.al-10(Jerome Pearson, Ohio Eta ’61, is president of STAR, Inc business that has developed concepts for DOD and NASA; invented the Earth and lunar space elevators, developed multi-winglets for lowered aircraft drag, published engineering solutions to space debris, and conceived spacecraft EDDE., he was an engineer at NASA Langley and Ames research centers and a branch chief for the Air Force Research Laboratory, ACTIVE DEBRIS REMOVAL: EDDE, THE ELECTRODYNAMIC DEBRIS ELIMINATOR, 2010, http://www.star-tech-inc.com/papers/EDDE_IAC_Final_Paper.pdf, rn) There are other methods for debris removal using electrodynamic tethers, but they are far less effective and far more risky than EDDE. It has been suggested that rockets could be used in a single orbit inclination to attach drag devices such as balloons or passive electrodynamic tethers to drag the debris down. Debris removal using chemical rockets will be much more expensive by itself, but there is also another problem. These devices do not actively control the debris for collision avoidance during deorbit, have much larger collision cross-sections than the debris, and add to the collision risk during their longer de-orbit times. Using passive electrodynamic tethers, for example, would require having multikilometer tethers on hundreds of objects over years as they slowly spiral down to re-entry. This would result in a huge additional collision risk, especially to ISS. By contrast, EDDE removes debris objects quickly, each object within days, and actively avoids all tracked objects while dragging debris to disposal. EDDE Solvency (3/3)EDDE vehicle key to debris removal, weather and sun monitoring, and the removal and delivery of satellites.Pearson et.al-10(Jerome Pearson, Ohio Eta ’61, is president of STAR, Inc business that has developed concepts for DOD and NASA; invented the Earth and lunar space elevators, developed multi-winglets for lowered aircraft drag, published engineering solutions to space debris, and conceived spacecraft EDDE., he was an engineer at NASA Langley and Ames research centers and a branch chief for the Air Force Research Laboratory, ACTIVE DEBRIS REMOVAL: EDDE, THE ELECTRODYNAMIC DEBRIS ELIMINATOR, 2010, http://www.star-tech-inc.com/papers/EDDE_IAC_Final_Paper.pdf, rn) EDDE can be used for a variety of useful purposes other than debris removal. To limit the dangers from re-entry, EDDE can deliver debris objects to a space processing facility that uses the aluminum in large upper stages as raw material for space processing and space manufacturing. EDDE can deliver payloads to custom orbits, deliver fuel to operational satellites, deliver service modules to satellites, move satellites to new orbits, inspect failed satellites, and monitor space weather all over LEO. Multiple EDDE vehicles in different orbits could provide real-time maps of the ionosphere, keeping track of “space weather,” which affects satellite communication, and could also record the effects of solar flares and proton events on the Sun, which are dangerous to satellites and crew. Perhaps more importantly, after there is enough confidence in EDDE operations including capture, EDDE can deliver aged or failed satellites to ISS for repair, even from sun-synch orbit. This will want to use capture without nets, probably using the two-stage capture concept shown on page 23 of ref. 13. After capture, EDDE needs to torque the orbit plane to bring the satellite to ISS and release it. During the transfer, replacement parts can be sent to ISS. After delivery and repair, EDDE can take the satellite back to its original orbit or a new one, for continued operation. There have been billion-dollar satellites that failed soon after launch. Such on-orbit repair operations could be a very valuable part of full-scale ISS operations. Empirically proven by Japan, robotic space stations like the US’s EDDE can effectively remove space debris.Marks 11 (Paul Marks, writer and senior technological correspondent at New Scientist, New Scientist, Clearing the Heavens, One Piece at a Time, 2/12/10, http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=3&hid=11&sid=9378bcf5-88d5-490c-8277-286a2cfb05f5%40sessionmgr10&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9h&AN=58606895, rn) As the cloud of space junk shrouding the Earth grows ever denser, the most sophisticated garbage collectors of all time are taking shape IN SEPTEMBER 2009 a giant robotic arm beneath the International Space Station plucked an uncrewed Japanese cargo ship from the void of space. It was the first time this spectacular capture mechanism had been tried, but this robotic grab was no one-off. On 27 January this year, the Japanese space agency, JAXA, was involved again with HTV2, its second cargo craft (pictured). The feats show that "robotic capture" can be a reliable option in orbit. Their success was critical for engineers developing technologies designed to clear space debris, because they need related orbital snatch-and-grab technology to drag defunct satellites to a lower orbit to burn up on re-entry. This matters because there are now 22,000 human-made objects larger than 10 centimetres across in orbit and half a million larger than 1 centimetre -- and all pose a grave risk to space missions. More debris is on its way. Hugh Lewis, a space scientist at the University of Southampton in the UK, has calculated that the debris population in low Earth orbit will increase by at least 33 per cent over the next two centuries. Even if space agencies never launched another rocket, the cloud of debris will continue to grow as pieces of space junk crash into one another. There are a number of ideas about how best to go about clearing up this mess. At Star Technology and Research (STR) in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, Jerome Pearson proposes a scheme in which a spacecraft comprising a conducting-cable tether would orbit Earth, grabbing debris and casting it into lower orbits (see diagram, far right). Studded with solar arrays that generate electric current in the cable, STR's Electro Dynamic Debris Eliminator (EDDE) slowly rotates and uses the current's interaction with Earth's magnetic field to change its orbit. EDDE is manoeuvred until it matches orbits with the target, and rotates so it either robotically grabs the junk or ensnares it in a net. The debris can then be slung into a lower, re-entry orbit or EDDE can descend and then release it. 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