Space Debris/Ozone da 1 debris disad 2
Debris Impact—XTN: Space Good—Economy
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Debris Impact—XTN: Space Good—EconomySpace access is key to the economy Hauser et. al ‘9 (Marty, Vice President, Washington Operations, research and analysis, Space Foundation; J.P. Stevens, Vice President Space systems, Aerospace program industries; Scott Page, Director, Space Institute, George Washington University; Kai-Uwe Schrogl, Director, European Space policy institute, NOVEMBER 19, "THE GROWTH OF GLOBAL SPACE CAPABILITIES: WHAT'S HAPPENING AND WHY IT MATTERS", Federal News Service, Lexis) We spend a lot of time in this room talking about the benefits of space-based technology, industries, and exploration. It's critical to convey that those benefits are not limited to the United States but that the impact is global. After all, satellites don't just orbit America. Whether the efforts are to better understand our climate, to help people recover from natural disasters, or to connect the economies around the globe, we can look to space to help make our world a better place. And that is the goal we're discussing. It is more than worth the time of this committee and our witnesses, again, to share your insights with us. Debris Impact—Space Good: HegemonySpace power is key to America’s way of war, debris eliminates that Sheldon ’11 (John B. Ph.D. Marshall Institute Fellow & School of Advanced Air & Space Studies, July 19, “A Day Without Space: Considering National Security Implications”, http://www.marshall.org/pdf/materials/967.pdf) Spacepower & the American Way of War. Spacepower enables the American Way of War Critical dependency in peace as well as conflict Applies equally throughout spectrum of conflict All military and diplomatic means space dependent Spacepower enhances U.S. strengths and preferred means of warfighting For all of its critical importance, U.S. spacepower vulnerable to purposeful attack Turn- Space is quintessential for American hegemony Sheldon ’11 (John B. Ph.D. Marshall Institute Fellow & School of Advanced Air & Space Studies, July 19, “A Day Without Space: Considering National Security Implications”, http://www.marshall.org/pdf/materials/967.pdf) U.S. Space Leadership: An Imperative U.S. is becoming complacent about space just as rest of the world is realizing its potential U.S. simply cannot afford to abrogate leadership in space: a national security imperative Leadership cannot be maintained by ‘more of the same’ policies: change is happening ... ...so embrace it! Reform export laws; protect investments; assert control when needed; encourage friends in space; thwart and dissuade adversaries U.S. does not own space, but space is quintessentially American Space is key for the American military Baldor ’11 (Lolita C, staff writer for The Associated Press, February 21, “Pentagon strategy stresses the importance of satellites”, The Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/20/AR2011022003484.html) The U.S. military needs to better protect its satellites and strengthen its ability to use them as weapons as the uncharted battlefield of space becomes increasingly crowded and dangerous, Pentagon leaders say. A new military strategy for space, as mapped out by the Pentagon, calls for greater cooperation with other nations on space-based programs to improve the United States' ability to deter enemies. "It's a domain, like air, land and sea," said Gen. Kevin Chilton, who led U.S. Strategic Command until he retired late last month. "Space is not just a convenience. It's become a critical part in every other [battlefield] domain." The United States, Chilton said, needs to make sure that it protects and maintains the battlefield capabilities it gets from space, including global-positioning data, missile warning system information, and communications with fighters or unmanned drones that are providing surveillance or firing missiles against the enemy. ***OZONE DISAD***Ozone Disad 1NCThe ozone is recovering rapidly in the status quoe Witze 11 (Alexandra Witze, Alex Witze is Senior News and Features Editor with Nature, in its Washington, D.C., bureau. From 1996 to 2005 she had covered the physical science for The Dallas Morning News. She is responsible for news features in the earth sciences, including climate, Friday, May 13th, 2011, Ozone hole on the mend, http://iluginespasig.wordpress.com/learners-portal/ozone-hole-on-the-mend/) IN RECOVERY Scientists may have already spotted the annual Antarctic ozone hole, shown here in September 2006, getting better thanks to an international environmental treaty. NASA Scientists may have spotted Antarctica’s ozone hole on the road to recovery, at least a decade sooner than they thought healing would be noticeable. In 1989, an international agreement called the Montreal Protocol began phasing out chemicals that have gnawed away at Earth’s protective ozone layer. Most researchers thought it would take until at least 2023 to detect the hole’s slow recovery, but researchers in Australia now claim to have seen ozone ticking upward since the late 1990s. “The key is to account for large year-to-year fluctuations that have obscured a gradual increase in the long-term evolution of ozone,” says atmospheric scientist Murry Salby of Macquarie University in Sydney. His team published its findings online May 6 in Geophysical Research Letters. First spotted in 1985, the Antarctic ozone hole was quickly linked to chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons, emitted mainly in the Northern Hemisphere but concentrated over the South Pole by atmospheric circulation patterns. Chlorine atoms from these CFCs react with ozone molecules, seasonally destroying the layer that shields Earth from cancer-causing and crop-damaging ultraviolet radiation. Scientists had predicted that ozone loss would bottom out and start recovering by now. They just didn’t think they would be able detect that change yet, since ozone levels vary dramatically from year to year because of complex atmospheric processes, sometimes by almost as much as the magnitude of the ozone hole itself. To better understand these year-to-year ozone fluctuations, Salby’s team looked at “dynamical” influences such as waves that ripple through the planet’s atmosphere much like the ocean’s swells. The researchers found that winter dynamical factors closely tracked how much ozone was depleted the following spring. In essence, these processes control how much chlorine breaks away from CFCs each winter, which determines how much ozone will later disappear. Knowing what caused these year-to-year changes, the scientists could then subtract them out, unmasking the long-term signal of ozone. After plummeting since the analysis began in 1979, that signal leveled off and began creeping up after 1996, Salby says. Using different analytical techniques, other scientists have reported seeing a slowdown in the rate of ozone decline, but not an actual recovery. Not all experts are convinced by the new work. The link between year-to-year dynamics and ozone levels seems strong now but could change on further analysis, says Darryn Waugh, an atmospheric scientist at Johns Hopkins University. “I expect Antarctic ozone to be slowly recovering,” he says, “but would have thought that we need several more years of data to statistically show this.” Atmospheric chemist Paul Young of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory in Boulder, Colo., agrees. “My response is slightly cautious,” he says. “It’s a bold claim.” Salby says he’s confident the ozone uptick represents a real trend; it has gone on almost as long as the decline observed during the 1980s and 1990s. He now wants to develop a way to better predict future ozone levels. Whether or not the ozone hole has been spotted recovering, its long-term prognosis calls for many more decades of sick leave; it is not expected to heal fully before 2070. The northern pole is also having its own ozone issues; this spring, ozone thinned over the Arctic more than scientists have ever seen INSERT LINK ExtinctionWilliams 96, David Crockett Jr., author of Tetron Natural Unified Field Theory, Chemist, Personal and Financial Agent. February 7, THE SCIENTIFIC SPIRITUAL REVOLUTION http://www.angelfire.com/on/GEAR2000/video96.html Today all life on earth is threatened by many problems associated with the materialistic and shortsighted human activities out of harmony with nature that have led to an oxygen crisis from massive deforestation and fossil fuel combustion which has created global warming responsible for increased weather extremes, flooding, droughts, disease vectors, etc., and an ozone layer depletion that threatens all life on earth by the imminent destruction of the ocean's phytoplankton which produce over half of earth's oxygen and form the beginning of the oceanic food chain. Nuclear testing has caused lasting increases in seismic and volcanic activity, explainable by free energy science, which threatens cataclysmic earth changes. The danger of nuclear conflagration still exists. All these conditions have been predicted independently by many different religious prophecies since many hundreds of years ago. How can this be understood and resolved? Directory: file -> view view -> Western Europe after wwii view -> Author study: paul fleischman view -> Qpa1 7ela study Guide view -> Arctic Oil/Gas Neg view -> November 1970 Approximately 150,000-500,000 deaths Bhola Cyclone Bangladesh view -> Grade Level: 6 Unit of Study: Caribbean glce view -> Citation: Duffield, Katy view -> Table of Contents Lesson # view -> Chinese Wind Energy Disad Download 165.07 Kb. Share with your friends:
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