Strategies for construction hazard recognition
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- BIM Model Game Engine SAVES
| Construction Scenarios Figure 1: Development of SAVES For cases where users identify and localize a hazard stimulus, a user interface form is designed See Figure 2) to represent possible sources of hazards and their severity and collect additional feedback. An avatar was also designed using 3DSMax and was rendered through Autodesk MAYA. For animating the avatar, 3DSMax and MAYA were used together and the outcome was imported into UDK. The developed software was packaged as a serious game package installable on Windows-based machine PC or tablet like other typical programs. BIM Model Game Engine SAVES 49 Figure 2: D User interface shown in SAVES to the user when a hazard is recognized in the 3D environment. Integrated concepts of learning In order to facilitate retention, retrieval, engagement, and to motivate learners, several concepts from modern theories of learning were integrated. These include energy-based retrieval mnemonics and serious gaming theory. Energy-based retrieval mnemonics – In order to enhance the learning experience in SAVES, we provided workers with cognitive hazard cues and retrieval mnemonics. Retrieval mnemonics involve encoding or restructuring information in a specific fashion that which facilitates retention and retrieval (Scruggs et al. 2010; Scruggs and Mastropieri 1990). Several empirical studies have demonstrated a direct relationship between the use of mnemonics and improved memory (Eslinger 2002; Mastropieri and Scruggs 1991). For example, Stadler (2005) used acronym mnemonics to improve the learning experience and performance of students in psychology education and Khan et al. (1988) revealed that category-based clustering mnemonics 50 can significantly improve adults recalling capability. Other forms of organizational mnemonics such as story mnemonics and simple-rhyme based mnemonics have been widely discussed in literature (Worthen and Hunt 2011). In order to provide reliable cognitive cues and mnemonics, we adapted a recent technique suggested by Fleming (2008) built based on the energy release theory which was proposed by Haddon (1970; 1973). In this method hazard sources were categorized based on energy types to which workers maybe exposed. This theory is built on the postulate that all injuries area result of exposure to hazardous energy sources in the work environment. The 10 energy sources identified and defined by the research team are shown in Table 1. Psychology and Physiology of mnemonics Mnemonic devices work based on how we believe the brain functions for cognitive processing. The brain is more efficient and effective with patterns or associations. When new information enters the sensory store it proceeds to working memory and long-term memory. The brain later compares new stimuli or information to this information already encoded in the brain. The connections that mnemonics offer present a more efficient and effective retrieval system. This activity occurs in the cerebral cortex where the hippocampus acts as a broker between short- and long-term memories. Mnemonics effectively are the incentives to excite connections. |