Struthionidae
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Phalacrocorax nigrogularis Socotra Cormorant Cormoran de Socotra IOC Leucocarbo nigrogularis Breeds: Socotra; visitor, sea: Gulf of Aden.
IOC Leucocarbo capensis Resident, coasts and offshore: Congo R. - KZ-Natal.
Resident, coasts: S Angola, Namibia - Cape. Phalacrocorax aristotelis European Shag Cormoran huppé Shag
desmarestii; riggenbachi IOC Leucocarbo aristotelis Resident, coasts: Morocco - Egypt, less common in east.
IOC Microcarbo pygmaeus Vagrant: records in Tunisia; formerly bred Algeria.
Long-tailed Cormorant africanus; pictilis IOC Microcarbo africanus Resident, mainly fresh water: all S of Sahara except NE Somalia (africanus); Madagascar (pictilis); vagrant: Seychelles.
IOC Microcarbo coronatus Resident, coasts: Namibia - Cape.
HM subsumes into Phalacrocorax (IOC Leucocarbo) albiventer King Cormorant Cormoran à ventre blanc SAM subsumes into Phalacrocorax atriceps Imperial Shag Cormoran impériale (CMT, HBW include albiventer as race of this, but keep melanogenis separate) IOC, BL presumed to subsume into either P. (L.) albiventer or P. atriceps Resident: Crozet, Prince Edward, Marion. (Phalacrocorax auritus Double-crested Cormorant Cormoran à aigrettes ) Vagrant: Azores. Phalacrocorax verrucosus Kerguelen Shag Cormoran des Kerguelen IOC Leucocarbo verrucosus BL subsumes into Phalacrocorax atriceps Resident: Kerguelen. ANHINGIDAE Anhinga rufa African Darter Anhinga d’Afrique [Darter]* [Anhinga] rufa; vulsini BoA, CMT, HBW subsume into Anhinga melanogaster Darter Anhinga Resident, mainly fresh water: all S of Sahara except NE Somalia (rufa); Madagascar (vulsini). PELECANIDAE
Resident, mainly larger fresh water bodies: all S of Sahara except forest area, Somalia and C South Africa; north along Nile to Egypt and west along N coast to E Algeria. Pelecanus rufescens Pink-backed Pelican Pélican gris Pélican roussâtre Resident, wetlands: all S of Sahara except Namibia, W South Africa.
Visitor, wetlands: Nile Delta. FREGATIDAE
Breeds: Cape Verde Is; uncommon visitor, sea: West Africa. Fregata aquila Ascension Frigatebird Frégate aigle-de-mer Breeds: Ascension Is; vagrant: Gulf of Guinea - DRC. Fregata minor Great Frigatebird Frégate du Pacifique Greater Frigatebird aldabrensis Breeds: Indian Ocean Is; rare visitor, sea: coastal areas Kenya - KZ-Natal. Fregata ariel Lesser Frigatebird Frégate ariel iredalei Breeds: Indian Ocean Is; visitor, sea: coasts Red Sea - Kenya. ARDEIDAE
Great Bittern stellaris; capensis Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, reedbeds, and other vegetation in water outside breed season: resident to the east of E South Africa north to E Angola - S Tanzania (capensis); resident and visitor North Africa, visitor up Nile to Kenya, and west to S Nigeria (stellaris). (Botaurus lentiginosus American Bittern Butor d’Amérique) Vagrant: Azores, Tenerife. Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern Blongios nain payesii; minutus; podiceps Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, fresh water marshes: North Africa (minutus); all S of Sahara except much of Angola (payesii); Madagascar (podiceps). Ixobrychus sinensis Yellow Bittern Blongios de Chine Resident, aquatic vegetation: Seychelles; vagrant Socotra. Ixobrychus sturmii Dwarf Bittern Blongios de Sturm Resident and intra-African migrant, woody areas near water and swamps: all S of Sahara except Somalia, much of Angola, Namibia, W South Africa and coastal Tanzania; southern birds move north after breeding (Nov-Mar); vagrant, Canary Is. (Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Cinnamon Bittern Blongios cannelle) Vagrant: Seychelles. (Ixobrychus exilis Least Bittern Petit Blongios) probably race exilis Vagrant: Azores.
HM notes often incorrectly spelt T. leucolophus Resident, forest: all forest area Sierra Leone - CAR, N DRC, Gabon. Gorsachius leuconotus White-backed Night Heron Bihoreau à dos blanc (ROB + natalensis, (+leuconotus presumed)) HBW Nycticorax leuconotus Resident, forest and woodland near water: Senegal - Gabon - W Ethiopia, Kenya south to E South Africa through Tanzania, Zambia, S Angola, W Mozambique. Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned Night Heron Bihoreau gris nycticorax Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, woody vegetation near water: North Africa; all S of Sahara except forest area and driest parts of NE and SW; Madagascar; Seychelles; vagrant Azores probably Nearctic origin (hoactli). Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron Crabier chevelu Common Squacco Heron (ROB + paludivaga (+ralloides presumed)) Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, mainly fresh water: North Africa; all S of Sahara except Namibia desert area. Ardeola idae Madagascar Pond Heron Crabier blanc Malagasy Squacco Heron; Malagasy Pond Heron* Héron Crabier blanc Breeds, near water: Madagascar; Aldabra; visitor to water in all habitats including forests, mainly May-Oct; S Kenya - N Mozambique inland to S DRC.
Héron à ventre roux Resident, swamps and floodplains: S Kenya - NE South Africa, inland to L. Victoria, S DRC, E Angola, NE Namibia. (Ardeola grayii Indian Pond Heron Crabier de Gray) Vagrant: Seychelles; Socotra.
Western Cattle Egret* ibis; seychellarum (HM incl in ibis) (IOC raises Butorides coromandes Eastern Cattle Egret, hence English name) Resident, savannas: throughout except Sahara Desert (ibis); Seychelles (seychellarum).
Green-backed Heron; [Green Heron] Héron à dos vert; Héron vert atricapilla; brevipes; rutenbergi; crawfordi; rhizophorae; degens HM notes often incorrectly spelt B. striatus (and race atricapillus) (Green Heron is only used for this species if the New World Butorides virescens is considered the same species) Resident, dense vegetation near water: all S of Sahara except parts of South Africa and S Namibia (atricapilla, brevipes); Madagascar (rutenbergi); Aldabra, Amirantes (crawfordi); Comoro Is (rhizophorae); Seychelles degens). (Butorides virescens Green Heron Héron vert) HBW subsumes into Butorides striata Vagrant: Azores.
Black Egret Resident, mainly near fresh water: West Africa south of Sahara desert - S Sudan - Ethiopia south to Cape excluding Congo forest area and much of Namibia and W South Africa; Madagascar.
Resident, marshes and water with some vegetation: S and C Zambia, N Botswana. Egretta caerulea Little Blue Heron Aigrette bleue Vagrant: South Africa, Azores. (Egretta tricolor Tricoloured Heron Aigrette tricolore) Vagrant: 1 record Azores. Egretta gularis Western Reef Heron Aigrette à gorge blanche Reef Heron; Western Reef Egret Aigrette des récifs gularis; schistacea (BoA = asha); (BoA + dimorpha here considered a separate species (CMT, HBW place in garzetta)) HBW subsumes into Egretta garzetta Resident, coastal waters: coastal West Africa Mauritania - Gabon; all Red Sea coast and south to Kenya.
BoA, DFW subsume into Egretta gularis; CMT, HBW, BL subsume into Egretta garzetta Resident, near water: Madagascar and nearby islands; visitor, wetlands and coasts: S Kenya - N Mozambique.
garzetta; (CMT, HBW + dimorpha; HBW + gularis; schistacea from above) Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, near water: all round coast and islands; inland all of Africa except deserts and forest area.
Vagrant: Azores, Cape Verde Is, South Africa. Egretta intermedia Intermediate Egret Aigrette intermédiaire Yellow-billed Egret* Héron intermédiaire; Héron à bec jaune brachyrhyncha CMT, SAM, ZTP (+SF) Mesophoyx intermedia Resident, near water: all S of Sahara except Congo forest area, Somalia and parts of S Namibia.
Great White Egret; Western Great Egret* melanorhynchos; alba; egretta CMT, HM, IOC Ardea alba (CMT + race melanorhyncha); SAM, BL, ZTP (+SF) Casmerodius albus (IOC raises extralimital Egretta (Ardea) modesta Eastern Great Egret, hence English name) Resident, wetlands: all S of Sahara except Namibia, NW South Africa, N Somalia (melanorhynchos); North Africa mainly coastal strip (alba); vagrant Azores (egretta). Ardea purpurea Purple Heron Héron pourpré purpurea; madagascariensis; (SAM, BD + bournei) Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, open shallow water and swamps: all S of Sahara except much of Namibia, breeding mainly in northern half (purpurea); Cape Verde Is (sometimes separated as race or species bournei); Madagascar (madagascariensis). Ardea cinerea Grey Heron Héron cendré cinerea; monicae; firasa Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, shallow water: all except Sahara Desert (cinerea); Banc d’Arguin islands (monicae); Madagascar, Seychelles (firasa).
Resident, grassland, less restricted to water than other herons: all S of Sahara. Ardea humbloti Humblot’s Heron Héron de Humblot Madagascar Heron Resident, mainly coastal: W half Madagascar, Comoro Is.
Resident, near water: all S of Sahara and north along Red Sea coast, except Namibia, Botswana, W South Africa and NE Somalia. (Ardea herodias Great Blue Heron Grand Héron) Vagrant: Azores. (Ardea cocoi Cocoi Heron Héron cocoi) Vagrant: Gough Is. SCOPIDAE
Ombrette du Sénégal; Ombrette umbretta; minor Resident, near water, needing trees for nesting: all S of Sahara; Madagascar; (minor is coastal Sierra Leone - W Cameroon). CICONIIDAE
Tantale africain Resident, near water: all S of Sahara except seasonal in much of South Africa, and up W coast Senegal - Morocco; W Madagascar.
Openbill Stork; **African Openbill Stork; African Open-billed Stork
Resident and visitor, near water: all S of Sahara except most of Namibia, W South Africa but rare in forest areas (lamelligerus); W Madagascar (madagascariensis); dry season only to much of West Africa. Ciconia nigra Black Stork Cigogne noire Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, woodland and nearby: resident South Africa north to Malawi, S Angola; visitor Sahel zone south to L. Victoria. Ciconia abdimii Abdim's Stork Cigogne d'Abdim Intra-African migrant, open areas: breeds Sahel and Sudan zones south to N Kenya; ‘winters’ S Kenya - Angola, Botswana, N South Africa. Ciconia episcopus Woolly-necked Stork Cigogne épiscopale microscelis Resident, usually near water: all S of Sahara except Namibia, much of South Africa, W Botswana, and NE Somalia. Ciconia ciconia White Stork Cigogne blanche European White Stork ciconia Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, open areas: all S of Sahara except forest area and Somalia; small numbers resident near Cape. Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis Saddle-billed Stork Jabiru d’Afrique Jabiru du Sénégal Resident, mainly near water: all S of Sahara except most of South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Somalia.
Marabou
Resident, all open habitats and savannas: all S of Sahara except forest area, around Gabon, N Angola and W South Africa. BALAENICIPITIDAE Balaeniceps rex Shoebill Bec-en-sabot du Nil Resident, extensive swamps especially papyrus: S Sudan through L. Victoria area to N Zambia. THRESKIORNITHIDAE
(ZTP + race falcinellus) Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, water, wet meadows: all Africa except Sahara and deserts in SW; breeds discontinuously, mainly in East Africa and eastern parts of southern Africa.
**Hadada; Hadeda Ibis hagedash; brevirostris; nilotica Resident, savannas especially near water: all S of Sahara except NE Somalia, and W Angola, Namibia, NW South Africa. Bostrychia carunculata Wattled Ibis Ibis caronculé Resident, river courses with rocky cliffs, open areas: highlands of Ethiopia. Bostrychia olivacea Olive Ibis Ibis olive Green Ibis; African Green Ibis; African Olive Ibis Ibis olivâtre olivacea; cupreipennis; rothschildi (extinct); akleyorum; bocagei IOC, BD (+SS) raise Bostrychia bocagei São Tomé Ibis (Dwarf Olive Ibis) Ibis de Bocage Resident, streams and rivers in dense forest, including mangroves: scattered Sierra Leone - Congo (olivacea, cupreipennis; São Tomé (bocagei); (rothschildi extinct on Príncipe); mts of Kenya, Tanzania (akleyorum).
Resident, water in forests: main forest area round Congo, DRC; patchy Liberia - Cameroon. Threskiornis aethiopicus Sacred Ibis Ibis sacré African Sacred Ibis aethiopicus; bernieri; abbotti; (ROB monotypic) BoA Threskiornis aethiopica (and race) IOC raises Threskiornis bernieri Malagasy Sacred Ibis Resident, near water: all S of Sahara except parts of Namibia, W South Africa, NE Somalia (aethiopicus); W Madagascar (bernieri); Aldabra (abbotti); feral population on E Canary Is. Geronticus eremita Northern Bald Ibis Ibis chauve **Waldrapp Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, arid and semi-arid plains with rocky escarpments: S Morocco, disperses a little; C Ethiopia in northern winter; vagrant Cape Verde Is, Azores (old record).
[Bald Ibis] Resident, high altitude grasslands, nests on cliffs: highlands of E South Africa.
Madagascar Ibis* cristata; urschi Resident, woodland and forest: Madagascar (cristata in E, urschi in W). Platalea leucorodia Eurasian Spoonbill Spatule blanche European Spoonbill leucorodia; balsaci; archeri Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, water areas: breeds Red Sea coasts Sudan - N Somalia (archeri); Banc d’Arguin (balsaci); visitor around Sahara Desert south to S Sudan. Platalea alba African Spoonbill Spatule d'Afrique Resident, water: all S of Sahara except main forest area and Namibia and vicinity. PHOENICOPTERIDAE
Grand Flamant roseus CMT, IOC, BL, ZTP raise this as Phoenicopterus roseus (P. ruber is New World species) Resident and wanderer, saline lagoons and saltpans: coastal areas except Liberia - DRC; further inland in parts of East Africa and South Africa.
Petit Flamant CMT, SAM, ROB (+SL, SS) Phoenicopterus minor Resident and wanderer, saline and alkaline lakes: all S of Sahara but most in East African Rift Valley lakes Ethiopia - Tanzania; Namibia, Botswana; Mauritania, Senegal. ANATIDAE
Fulvous Duck Resident, marshes and swamps: Senegal - Sudan in Sahel zone and south to E South Africa in eastern half of continent.
White-faced Duck Resident, fresh water in open country: all S of Sahara except forest area, Gabon - N Namibia and NE Somalia. (Dendrocygna autumnalis Black-bellied Whistling Duck Dendrocygne à ventre noir) Vagrant: 1 rec The Gambia of uncertain origin.
Erismature à dos blanc; Canard à dos blanc leuconotus; insularis Resident, fresh water: Senegal - W Chad, then Ethiopia, S Somalia south to Angola, South Africa (leuconotus); Madagascar (insularis). Cygnus olor Mute Swan Cygne tuberculé Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, water: Egypt (migrant and feral); Cape area of South Africa (feral and probably extinct); vagrant Azores. Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan Cygne chanteur Vagrant: NW Africa. Cygnus columbianus Tundra Swan Cygne siffleur **Bewick’s Swan bewickii BoA raises this as Cygnus bewickii Bewick’s Swan Cygne de Bewick Vagrant: North Africa.
fabalis; rossicus Visitor, grasslands: Algeria, Morocco; vagrant to Egypt, Niger Delta, Azores, old record in Madeira. (Anser brachyrhynchus Pink-footed Goose Oie à bec court) Vagrant: old records in Azores, Madeira.
White-fronted Goose albifrons Palearctic winter visitor: Nile Delta. Anser erythropus Lesser White-fronted Goose Oie naine Vagrant: NE Africa. Anser anser Greylag Goose Oie cendrée anser; rubrirostris (BoA rubirostris) Visitor, fields and marshes: Morocco - Tunisia.
CMT, IOC, BL Chen caerulescens Vagrant: Morocco, Azores. (Branta canadensis Canada Goose Bernache du Canada) Vagrant: Azores.
Vagrant: Morocco, Egypt, N Atlantic Is. Branta bernicla Brent Goose Bernache cravant Brant; Brant Goose* bernicla Vagrant: North Africa, Azores (old record of hrota), Canary Is (uncertain origin). Branta ruficollis Red-breasted Goose Bernache à cou roux Vagrant: Egypt, Algeria. Cyanochen cyanoptera Blue-winged Goose Ouette à ailes bleues HM notes often incorrectly spelt C. cyanopterus Resident, grassy areas near water: Ethiopian highlands.
Oie d'Egypte HM notes often incorrectly spelt A. aegyptiacus Resident, wetlands: all S of Sahara except parts of forest area; extends to Upper Egypt on Nile R; wet season visitor to S Algeria and parts of Sahara. Tadorna ferruginea Ruddy Shelduck Tadorne casarca Resident and visitor, wetlands: NW Africa; Nile Valley from Mediterranean coast to Ethiopian highlands; Fuerteventura (Canary Is) of uncertain origin. Tadorna cana South African Shelduck Tadorne à tête grise Resident, water bodies: South Africa north to C Namibia, S Botswana. Tadorna tadorna Common Shelduck Tadorne de Belon Shelduck
Visitor, coastal mudflats: North Africa. Plectropterus gambensis Spur-winged Goose Oie-armée de Gambie Plectroptère de Gambie gambensis; niger Resident, wetlands: all S of Sahara except most of Namibia, W Botswana, central forest area and E of Ethiopian highlands. Pteronetta hartlaubii Hartlaub's Duck Canard de Hartlaub Ptéronette de Hartlaub Resident, secluded water in forests: forest areas Sierra Leone - DRC.
Knob-billed Duck* Canard casqué melanotos IOC has S. sylvicola as Comb Duck Resident, wetlands: all S of Sahara.
Sarcelle à Oreillons Resident, wetlands: all S of Sahara except parts of NE Somalia and SW Africa. (Nettapus coromandelianus Cotton Pygmy Goose Anserelle de Coromandel) Vagrant: Socotra.
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