Struthionidae

Resident, semi-arid and arid bushland: SE Ethiopia, W Somalia through NE Uganda - N Tanzania.

Southern Black Korhaan*

(BoA + afra; afraoides; etoschae; kalaharica; all but afra are here considered as a separate species)

BoA, DFW, CMT, SAM, BL (+SL, SS) Eupodotis afra

Resident, coastal fynbos, semi-arid scrub: W and S Cape Province.

Afrotis afraoides White-quilled Bustard Outarde à miroir blanc

Northern Black Korhaan*

CMT, SAM, BL (+SL, SS) Eupodotis afraoides

BoA, DFW subsume into Afrotis (Eupodotis) afra

Resident, grassland and open savanna: C Namibia, Botswana, South Africa away from coastal areas and much of E side.

Vigors' Bustard; Karoo Korhaan*

Resident, flat arid plains with some bushes: Cape Province - S Namibia, Orange Free State.

Ruppell’s Korhaan*

rueppellii; fitzsimonsi (ROB fitzsimonsii)

Resident, flat desert plains: SW Angola - central Namibia.

Resident, dry sandy grassland with bushes: E Ethiopia, N Somalia.

Blue Korhaan*

Resident, grassland above 1500m asl: E South Africa.

Eupodotis senegalensis White-bellied Bustard Outarde du Sénégal

senegalensis; barrowii; canicollis; erlangeri; mackenziei

IOC (+SL, SS) raise Eupodotis barrowii Barrow’s Bustard (Southern White-bellied Bustard)

Resident, grassland and open woodland: Senegal - W Ethiopia (senegalensis); Somalia, E Ethiopia, E Uganda, Kenya, N Tanzania (canicollis, erlangeri); E Gabon - NW Zambia (mackenziei); E South Africa, C and SE Botswana (barrowii).

Lissotis melanogaster Black-bellied Bustard Outarde à ventre noir

melanogaster; notophila

Resident, tall dense grassland and savanna woodland: S of Sahel zone to S Angola and extending south in E South Africa, excluding forest area and much of NE Africa north of Kenya.

BoA, DFW, SAM, BL, ZTP (+SF, SS) Eupodotis hartlaubii

Resident, open tall grassland: E Sudan, N Somalia south to N Tanzania.

JACANIDAE

BoA, SAM, BD Actophilornis africana

Resident, wetlands, floating vegetation: all S of Sahara except some of forest area and drier NE and SW.

Actophilornis albinucha Madagascar Jacana Jacana malgache

Jacana à nuque blanche

Resident, floating vegetation in freshwater: Madagascar except S and SE.

Microparra capensis Lesser Jacana Jacana nain

Resident, shallow waters: Mali - Ethiopia patchily distributed south to E Angola, E South Africa excluding forest area.

(Hydrophasianus chirurgus Pheasant-tailed Jacana Jacana à longue queue)

Vagrant: Socotra.

ROSTRATULIDAE
Rostratula benghalensis Greater Painted-snipe Rhynchée peinte

Painted-snipe

Resident, wetlands: scattered through all S of Sahara, Nile Delta area and Madagascar; rare or absent in forest area and NE and SW.

DROMADIDAE (SAM subsumes into Glareolidae)
Dromas ardeola Crab-plover Drome ardéole

Resident and visitor, sandy and other coasts: breeds NW Indian Ocean, Red Sea; disperses south to Tanzania (rarely to KZ-Natal), Madagascar and other Indian Ocean islands.

HAEMATOPODIDAE (SAM subsumes into Charadriidae)
Haematopus ostralegus Eurasian Oystercatcher Huîtrier pie

European Oystercatcher

Palearctic winter visitor, coasts: all around coast except Cameroon to Namibia; vagrant inland in East Africa.

African Oystercatcher*

Resident, coastal areas: N Namibia - E Cape Province.

[Haematopus meadewaldoi Canary Islands Oystercatcher Huîtrier des Canaries]

Canarian Black Oystercatcher

Resident, coasts: E Canary Is (extinct).

RECURVIROSTRIDAE (SAM subsumes into Charadriidae)
Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt Echasse blanche

himantopus; CMT monotypic

Resident and visitor, shallow wetlands: all S of Sahara except forest area; all around coast and up Nile Valley; Madagascar.

**Eurasian Avocet; Avocet

Resident and visitor, shallow saline water, also tidal flats when non-breeding: breeds N Somalia - South Africa on eastern side and to N Namibia away from coast; winters all around coasts.

BURHINIDAE

Stone-curlew; Eurasian Stone-curlew*

Resident and visitor, semi-desert and grassland: breeds all North Africa (saharae); Canary Is (W distinctus, E insularum); scattering of winter records Sahel zone and to N Uganda, N Kenya (oedicnemus).

(ZTP + inornatus)

Resident, sandy and muddy areas near water: Senegal - Ethiopia, NW Kenya and down Nile to Delta.

Burhinus vermiculatus Water Thick-knee Oedicnème vermiculé

Water Dikkop

Resident, riverbanks preferably with some bushes: much of area between equator and Tropic of Capricorn outside forest area; extends west to Sierra Leone and south to coast of South Africa.

Spotted Dikkop

Resident, open woodland, savanna not near water: all S of Sahara except forest area and adjacent parts.

GLAREOLIDAE
Pluvianus aegyptius Egyptian Plover Pluvian fluviatile

Pluvian d'Egypte

IOC places in Pluvianidae

Resident, sand bars in large rivers: Senegal - W Ethiopia south to N Uganda and narrowly into lower Congo basin reaching N Angola.

HM, IOC, ZTP (+SF, SS, RSF) raise Cursor somalensis Somali Courser (races littoralis; somalensis)

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, desert and semi-desert plains: breeds North Africa, Canary Is, Socotra wintering Sahel zone south to N Kenya (cursor); Eritrea, E Ethiopia, Somalia (somalensis); SE Sudan, N Kenya, S Somalia (littoralis); Cape Verde Is (exsul).

Cursorius rufus Burchell's Courser Courvite de Burchell

Resident, open plains: SW Angola, Namibia, Botswana, South Africa (not E side).

(ROB + temminckii; ruvanensis; aridus)

Resident and wanderer, savannas: Mauritania - N Cameroon, S Chad; Ethiopia - DRC and south excluding much of Somalia and NE Kenya and S South Africa and W Namibia.

Rhinoptilus africanus Double-banded Courser Courvite à double collier

Courvite à double bande

BoA Cursorius africanus; CMT, HBW Smutsornis africanus

Resident, semi-desert, grassland, bushed grassland: E Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia; S Kenya, N Tanzania; SW Angola - Botswana, Namibia, W and C South Africa.

Rhinoptilus cinctus Three-banded Courser Courvite à triple collier

Heuglin’s Courser*

BoA Cursorius cinctus

Resident, open scrub and woodland: on eastern side SE Ethiopia through Kenya, C Tanzania, E Zambia - N Namibia, Zimbabwe.

Rhinoptilus chalcopterus Bronze-winged Courser Courvite à ailes bronzées

Violet-tipped Courser Courvite à ailes violettes

BoA Cursorius chalcopterus

Resident, dry savanna woodland and thick bush: Senegal - W Ethiopia south through Uganda to SW Kenya, around S of forest area to C Namibia - NE South Africa.

Common Pratincole

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, flat areas usually near water: scattered breeding S Somalia, N Kenya, parts of West Africa, Angola, E South Africa; visitor Sahara - equator and south on eastern side to E South Africa.

Palearctic winter visitor, open high altitude grassland or mudflats: NE Namibia, Botswana, central South Africa; scattered irregularly in West Africa.

(Glareola maldivarum Oriental Pratincole Glaréole orientale)

Vagrant: Mauritius, Seychelles.

Migrant, breeds rocky islets in rivers and coastal areas: Madagascar except S and W; non-breeding mainly coastal flats but also grassland: coastal East Africa, N Kenya - N Mozambique inland to L. Victoria.

nuchalis; liberiae; (HM + torrens)

Resident, dispersing in non-breeding season, mainly rivers, breeding on rocks and sandbars: Sierra Leone - W Kenya south to C Angola - Zimbabwe - C Mozambique; along Blue Nile in W Ethiopia, E Sudan.

Glareola cinerea Grey Pratincole Glaréole grise

Resident, sandbanks in rivers and coastal areas: Mali, Niger, CAR south to extreme NW Angola.

CHARADRIIDAE
Most Charadrius spp are also known as Gravelot …
Charadrius sanctaehelenae St Helena Plover Pluvier de Sainte-Hélène

Resident, especially moderate altitude grassland and around edges of island: St Helena.

Petit Gravelot

Breeding visitor and Palearctic winter visitor, inland water: breeds Morocco, N Algeria; winters rest of North Africa, S of Sahara south to forest area and to equator in east.

Palearctic winter visitor, coastal areas, less common inland: all around coast and islands, all S of Sahara, less common in forest area.

(Charadrius semipalmatus Semipalmated Plover Pluvier semipalmé)

Vagrant: Azores, Madeira, Cape Verde Is.

Kittlitz's Sand-plover

(BoA + pecuarius)

Resident, primarily inland, open areas usually near water: patchily scattered all S of Sahara except forest and more wooded areas; Nile Delta; Madagascar.

Resident and wanderer, near water: most of S of equator extending north to Ethiopia, W Somalia; non-breeding visitor to L. Chad area; Madagascar (bifrontatus).

Resident and wanderer, bare ground and rocky uplands: Ghana - SW Sudan and south through W Uganda to NW Zambia; non-breeding west to Senegal.

Black-banded Plover Gravelot de Madagascar

Resident, coastal grazed grasslands: SW coast of Madagascar.

Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover Pluvier à collier interrompu

[Snowy Plover]

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, usually sand or mud and mainly coastal: resident Senegal - N Somalia around N coast, N Atlantic Is; visitor to Sahel zone and along coast south to Kenya.

Resident, sandy shores at coast, lakes and along rivers: around coast S of Sahara except N Somalia and to north; inland along main rivers and W Rift Valley; coastal Madagascar.

Resident, salt pans, lagoons and coast, rarely on freshwater: Rift Valley soda lakes (venustus); SW Angola around south coast to Mozambique and inland N Namibia, N Botswana, N South Africa (pallidus).

Mongolian Plover Pluvier mongol

Palearctic winter visitor, coastal habitats: coastal Sudan to Cape, uncommon inland.

Palearctic winter visitor, coastal habitats: E Tunisia around E coast to Cape, Madagascar, Indian Ocean islands; rare inland.

Palearctic winter visitor, recently burnt and heavily grazed grassland: to the south and east of E Egypt - S Angola; vagrant West Africa.

Dotterel

Palearctic winter visitor, stony steppe, semi-desert, marginal cultivation: all across North Africa and to N Sudan in Red Sea area.

(Charadrius veredus Oriental Plover Pluvier oriental)

Vagrant: Seychelles.

(Charadrius vociferus Killdeer Pluvier kildir)

Vagrant: Azores.

(Charadrius modestus South American Dotterel Pluvier d’Urville)

Vagrant: Tristan.

Pluvier doré américain; [Pluvier fauve]

(BoA + fulva; dominica here considered separate species)

Vagrant: West Africa, South Africa, N Atlantic Is.

[Pluvier fauve]

BoA subsumes into Pluvialis dominica

Vagrant: mainly coast: E half of continent Sudan - South Africa.

European Golden Plover*; Golden Plover;

**Greater Golden Plover

altifrons; apricaria; (BoA monotypic)

Palearctic winter visitor, agricultural fields and intertidal flats: all of North Africa Morocco - Egypt; vagrant south to Senegal, São Tomé.

Black-bellied Plover

(HM + squatarola)

Palearctic winter visitor, intertidal mudflats, saltmarshes: all around coast and on Indian and Atlantic Ocean islands; rare inland.

Wattled Lapwing

Resident, open areas often near water: all S of Sahara except forest area, NE and SW and areas east of L. Victoria - L. Malawi.

White-crowned Lapwing*

Resident, sandy riverbanks in open country and forests: Senegal - S Sudan, DRC (not east), south to NW Angola; SE Tanzania; along Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers.

Vanellus melanocephalus Spot-breasted Lapwing Vanneau d'Abyssinie

Resident, damp grassland, moorland over 1800m asl: Ethiopian highlands.

Vanneau à coiffe noire; Vanneau coiffé

tectus; latifrons

Resident, dry plains: Sahel zone extending south to N Uganda - NE Tanzania.

Resident, dry areas usually near water: Angola - SW Kenya and south but only to west of L. Malawi.

Vanneau éperonné

Resident, dry areas near water: Sahara Desert to S Mauritania - N Tanzania; down Nile to Mediterranean coast, excluding NE Somalia.

Vanellus superciliosus Brown-chested Lapwing Vanneau à poitrine châtain

Brown-chested Wattled Lapwing Vanneau caronculé

Resident and wanderer, open savannas: breeds Togo - N DRC; disperses E Ghana - L. Victoria, W Tanzania and into most of DRC.

Vanellus lugubris Senegal Lapwing Vanneau terne

Lesser Black-winged Lapwing Vanneau demi-deuil

Resident, dry open areas: scattered S Mali - SW Nigeria; Gabon - Kenya and south down eastern side to NE South Africa west to extreme E Zambia.

Vanellus melanopterus Black-winged Lapwing Vanneau à ailes noires

Greater Black-winged Plover

Resident, highland plains: Ethiopia; SW Kenya, N Tanzania; E and S South Africa.

Resident, savannas: Ethiopia, Somalia - S Angola and south excluding E of L. Malawi and much of Mozambique.

Palearctic winter visitor, open savanna usually near water: Eritrea, Sudan.

Palearctic winter visitor, lake shores and river valleys: Nile Valley south to C Sudan.

crassirostris; leucopterus (BoA, ROB leucoptera)

Resident, all wetlands: S Sudan, SW Kenya - E Angola, N Botswana and south in east to C Mozambique; NE Nigeria; W Angola.

Vanellus vanellus Northern Lapwing Vanneau huppé

Lapwing

Breeding visitor and Palearctic winter visitor, fields and mudflats: few breed Morocco; winters North Africa; vagrant Mauritania and in Sahara of Algeria, Libya.

SCOLOPACIDAE
Calidris tenuirostris Great Knot Bécasseau de l’Anadyr

Grand bécasseau maubèche

Vagrant: Morocco, South Africa, Seychelles.

Calidris canutus Red Knot Bécasseau maubèche

canutus

Palearctic winter visitor, coastal areas: Tunisia round W side to South Africa; vagrant E coast.

Calidris alba Sanderling Bécasseau sanderling

(HM, ROB + alba)

Palearctic winter visitor, coastal areas: all around coast of continent and islands; vagrant inland.

Calidris pusilla Semipalmated Sandpiper Bécasseau semipalmé

Vagrant: Morocco, Mauritania, N Atlantic Is.

Vagrant: Somalia, South Africa, Mozambique.

Palearctic winter visitor, all wetlands: all S of Sahara except forest area; Nile Valley; scattered along North Africa.

(Calidris mauri Western Sandpiper Bécasseau d’Alaska)

Vagrant: Azores, Madeira.

Palearctic winter visitor, prefers inland waters: Senegal - Somalia; Nile Delta, vagrant to the south.

Vagrant: Ethiopia - South Africa, Seychelles.

(Calidris minutilla Least Sandpiper Bécasseau minuscule)

Vagrant: Azores, Cape Verde Is.

Bécasseau de Bonaparte

Vagrant: Namibia, South Africa, N Atlantic Is.

Calidris bairdii Baird's Sandpiper Bécasseau de Baird

Vagrant: Senegal, Namibia, South Africa, Azores, Canary Is.

Bécasseau tachète

Vagrant: scattered records, Morocco to Kenya to South Africa, N Atlantic Is, Seychelles.

(Calidris acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Bécasseau à queue pointue)

Vagrant: Seychelles, Azores.

Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper Bécasseau cocorli

Palearctic winter visitor, all waters: scattered West Africa; all eastern Africa Kenya to South Africa; Madagascar and islands.

Palearctic winter visitor, mainly coastal mudflats: all coast north of equator; vagrant inland.

(HM + maritima)

Vagrant: Morocco, Azores.

(Calidris himantopus Stilt Sandpiper Bécasseau échasses)

HBW, SAM Micropalama himantopus

Vagrant: 1 record Azores.

falcinellus; (BoA monotypic)

Palearctic winter visitor, mainly coastal mudflats: scattered Ethiopia to South Africa; occasional West Africa.

Tryngites subruficollis Buff-breasted Sandpiper Bécasseau roussâtre

Bécasseau rousset

Vagrant: Egypt, Tunisia, Sierra Leone, Kenya, South Africa, Namibia, Seychelles, Azores, Canary Is.

Philomachus pugnax Ruff Combattant varié

Reeve Chevalier combattant

Palearctic winter visitor, mainly muddy inland waters: all S of Sahara except forest area; North Africa coast, Nile Valley.

Lymnocryptes minimus Jack Snipe Bécassine sourde

Palearctic winter visitor, brackish and freshwater habitats: North Africa; between Sahara and forest area Senegal - W Ethiopia and south to L. Victoria.

gallinago; delicata

CMT, IOC raise Gallinago delicata Wilson's Snipe

Palearctic winter visitor, all marshland, water areas with vegetation: all around Sahara south to forest area and L. Victoria (gallinago); delicata vagrant Tenerife.

Ethiopian Snipe

Resident, highland bogs, wet moorland, flooded grassland: E and S of forest area extending to Ethiopian highlands; not in Somalia, E Tanzania or much of Namibia, Botswana.

Resident, grassy and sedge filled swamps, rice paddies: E Madagascar.

Palearctic winter visitor, marshland, flooded areas but drier parts than Common Snipe: all S of Sahara except NE and SW.

Pin-tailed Snipe* Bécassine à queue peinte

Vagrant: Kenya, Somalia.

Limnodromus semipalmatus Asiatic Dowitcher Bécassin d’Asie

Asian Dowitcher* Limnodrome semipalmé

Vagrant: Kenya, South Africa.

(Limnodromus griseus Short-billed Dowitcher Bécassin roux )

Limnodrome à bec court; Bécassin à bec court

Vagrant: Azores.

Vagrant: Morocco, 1 record Azores.

Bécassine des bois

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, mosaic of forest and open ground: resident Azores, Madeira, W Canary Is; winters across North Africa.

Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit Barge à queue noire

limosa

Palearctic winter visitor, coastal areas and inland wetlands: all around Sahara and in E south to L. Victoria, W Kenya; rare to south.

Vagrant: South Africa.

Palearctic winter visitor, mainly coastal estuaries: Tunisia round W coast to W South Africa; S Red Sea; coastal Kenya; S Madagascar; rare rest of coast and inland; baueri vagrant Seychelles.

Bratramie des champs

Vagrant: Mauritania, Gabon, N Atlantic Is.

Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel Courlis corlieu

phaeopus; variegatus; hudsonicus; alboaxillaris (BoA incl in phaeopus); (HM + islandicus)

Palearctic winter visitor, mainly coastal: all around coast of continent and islands; rarer inland (Niger Delta, L. Victoria area, Zambia).

Long-billed Curlew

Palearctic winter visitor, coastal areas: Morocco, Tunisia.

Numenius arquata Eurasian Curlew Courlis cendré

Curlew

Palearctic winter visitor, mainly coastal but also muddy shores of lakes: all around coast of continent and islands; scattered inland (Niger Delta, L. Victoria area).

(Numenius minutus Little Curlew Courlis nain)

Vagrant: Seychelles.

Palearctic winter visitor, inland and coastal waters: all around Sahara south to Cameroon - C Tanzania.

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, mainly coastal: breeds North Africa; winters all around coast; scarce south of equator on west side and S of Tanzania on east.

Palearctic winter visitor, margins of inland and brackish wetlands: all S of Sahara.

(CMT + nebularia)

Palearctic winter visitor, most wetlands inland and coast: everywhere except Sahara desert, and including islands.

Tringa melanoleuca Greater Yellowlegs Grand chevalier

Grand chevalier à pattes jaunes; Chevalier criard

Vagrant: South Africa, N Atlantic Is.

Tringa flavipes Lesser Yellowlegs Petit chevalier

(Petit) chevalier à pattes jaunes

Vagrant: Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Zambia, South Africa, N Atlantic Is.

(Tringa solitaria Solitary Sandpiper Chevalier solitaire)

Vagrant: Azores, Cape Verde Is, unsubstantiated record in Angola.

Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper Chevalier culblanc

Palearctic winter visitor, mainly inland water: North Africa; south of Sahara to N Angola, N Mozambique; rarer to south.

Palearctic winter visitor, mainly inland pools: all S of Sahara and Nile Valley.

Bargette de Terek

SAM Tringa cinerea; IOC (+SS) Xenus cinerea

Palearctic winter visitor, coastal areas: Eritrea round S coast to SE Nigeria; inland (scarce) on eastern side of continent.

SAM Tringa hypoleucos

Palearctic winter visitor, all wetlands: all S of Sahara, Nile Valley, North Africa, Madagascar.

Actitis macularius Spotted Sandpiper Chevalier grivelé

HM notes often incorrectly spelt A. macularia

SAM Tringa macularia

Vagrant: Morocco, Senegal, Cameroon, N Atlantic Is, Tristan.

(Heteroscelus brevipes Grey-tailed Tattler Chevalier de Sibérie)

CMT, SAM, IOC Tringa brevipes

Vagrant: Seychelles.

(Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Willet Chevalier semipalmé)

CMT, IOC Tringa semipalmata

Vagrant: Azores.

interpres

Palearctic winter visitor, coastal areas: all around coast of continent and islands; rare inland.
Phalaropus tricolor Wilson's Phalarope Phalarope de Wilson

DFW, SAM, HBW, BL, ROB (+SL, SS) Steganopus tricolor

Vagrant: Morocco, Namibia, South Africa, N Atlantic Is.

Phalaropus lobatus Red-necked Phalarope Phalarope à bec étroit

Palearctic winter visitor, mainly on sea: off coast of Somalia; scarce inland East Africa; vagrant SW Africa, Cape Verde Is.

Grey Phalarope

HM notes often incorrectly spelt P. fulicaria

Palearctic winter visitor, sea: off Mauritania to Ghana, and Namibia; rare inland (records Kenya to South Africa).

CHIONIDAE
Chionis minor Black-faced Sheathbill Petit Chiornis

marionensis; crozettensis; minor

Resident; Marion, Prince Edward (marionensis); Crozet (crozettensis); Kerguelen (minor).

Greater Sheathbill; Pale-faced Sheathbill

HM notes often incorrectly spelt C. alba

Vagrant (ship assisted): Cape Town area, South Africa, mostly May - July.

STERCORARIIDAE (SAM, ROB subsume into Laridae)
Stercorarius pomarinus Pomarine Skua Labbe pomarine

Pomarine Jaeger

Palearctic winter visitor, sea: mainly Tropic of Cancer to equator in both east and west, some further south to Cape on west coast.

Stercorarius parasiticus Arctic Skua Labbe parasite

Parasitic Jaeger*

Palearctic winter visitor, sea: mainly Angola to S Mozambique around south coast; few records all around.

Stercorarius longicaudus Long-tailed Skua Labbe à longue queue

Long-tailed Jaeger*

(HM, CMT, HBW + longicaudus; pallescens)

Palearctic winter visitor, sea: off South Africa, Namibia; rare elsewhere.

(BoA + skua; lonnbergi (=madagascariensis); the latter is here considered a race of C. antarctica (not in BoA))

Palearctic winter visitor, sea: off NW Africa south to Cape Verde Is, east in Mediterranean to Algeria.

Catharacta maccormicki South Polar Skua Labbe de McCormick

Skua de McCormick

Vagrant: South Africa, Somalia, Seychelles.

Catharacta antarctica Subantarctic Skua Labbe antarctique

Southern Skua

IOC Stercorarius antarcticus

SAM raises Stercorarius (Catharacta) lonnbergi Brown Skua

Breeds Tristan group (hamiltoni) and S Indian Ocean Is (lonnbergi); disperses in South Atlantic.

LARIDAE
IOC, CMT split the Larus spp gulls into several genera: Chroicocephalus (genei, philadelphia, cirrocephalus, hartlaubii and ridibundus); Hydrocoloeus (minutus); Leucophaeus (atricilla, pipixcan); Ichthyaetus (melanocephalus, leucophthalmus, hemprichii, ichthyaetus, audouinii). The remainder stay in Larus.
Larus hemprichii Sooty Gull Goéland d'Hemprich

Hemprich’s Gull

Resident: breeds Red Sea, coast of Kenya; disperses between these and south to Tanzania.

Larus leucophthalmus White-eyed Gull Goéland à iris blanc

Resident, coasts: all of Red Sea, 1 record Kenya.

Pallas’s Gull*

Palearctic winter visitor, mainly sea: all of Red Sea, Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes.

Larus melanocephalus Mediterranean Gull Mouette mélanocéphale

Palearctic winter visitor, sea and coasts: N Mauritania - Egypt mainly in Mediterranean.

Goéland atricille

atricilla; (BoA monotypic)

Vagrant: Morocco, Gambia, Azores.

Vagrant: Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia, Morocco, Senegambia, some islands.

Palearctic winter visitor, coasts: North Africa, N Atlantic islands; vagrant to south.

King Gull

Resident, coasts: C Namibia - SW Cape Province.

Larus cirrocephalus Grey-headed Gull Mouette à tête grise

Grey-hooded Gull*

Resident and visitor, all wetlands: breeds coast and inland rivers West Africa, Sudan, W Ethiopia - Malawi and parts of South Africa; Madagascar; disperses to all S of Sahara; vagrant Morocco, Canary Is.

Black-headed Gull*

Palearctic winter visitor, mainly coast: all around coast N of equator and to S Tanzania in east; also Niger Delta, Nile Valley and Rift Valley to Tanzania.

Larus genei Slender-billed Gull Goéland railleur

Resident and visitor, coasts: breeds scattered Senegal - Egypt; disperses all along Red Sea.

Vagrant: Morocco, Senegal, Azores, Canary Is.

Resident and disperses, coasts: breeds Mediterranean Morocco - Tunisia; disperses rest of Mediterranean to Egypt and south to Senegal.

Vagrant: Morocco, N Atlantic Is.

Common Gull

Palearctic winter visitor, coasts, rare inland: all of North Africa.

(SL, SS raise Larus vetula Cape Gull)

Resident, coasts: South Africa, Namibia; S Madagascar ('melisandae'); S Indian Ocean islands ('judithae'); non-breeders to N Angola and Mozambique.
The Larus argentatus/fuscus/michahellis/cachinnans/heuglini complex is currently subject to several interpretations. BoA recognise only argentatus (includes races michahellis, cachinnans, heuglini, argentatus, taimyrensis) and fuscus (includes races fuscus, graellsii) as species. Most recent authors recognise these 2 and cachinnans, and some others also raise michahellis (eg CMT and several outside of the remit of this list) and heuglini (eg ROB, ZTP (+SF, SS)). For the present the most widely used seems to be 3 species (fuscus, argentatus and cachinnans) with the various forms as noted below
Larus fuscus Lesser Black-backed Gull Goéland brun

fuscus; graellsii; intermedius; heuglini (incl taimyrensis) (SAM places in L. argentatus)

CMT, ROB, ZTP (+SF, SS, RSF) raise Larus heuglini Heuglin’s Gull Goéland de Heuglin

Palearctic winter visitor, mainly sea: mainly south to Mauritania and N Mozambique, N Zimbabwe, but rare south to Nigeria in W; also Nile and Rift Valley to L. Malawi; (heuglini winters south to East Africa).

Larus argentatus Herring Gull Goéland argenté

European Herring Gull*

CMT, IOC raise Larus smithsonianus American Herring Gull (hence IOC English name)

Vagrant: Morocco, Madeira, Azores.
Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull Goéland leucophée

Caspian Gull*

Gull)

Palearctic winter visitor, coasts: Egypt (Mediterranean and Red Sea).

Vagrant: Morocco, N Atlantic Is.

(Larus glaucoides Iceland Gull Goéland arctique)

probably glaucoides

Vagrant: Azores, Madeira.

Larus glaucescens Glaucous-winged Gull Goéland à ailes grises

Vagrant: Morocco, 1 record El Hierro (Canary Is).

Vagrant: Morocco, N Atlantic Is.

(CMT, HBW + sabini)

BoA, DFW, BD, ROB (+SL) Larus sabini

Palearctic winter visitor, coasts: Namibia to Cape, passage all along west coast.

(HBW + tridactyla)

Palearctic winter visitor coasts and sea: Senegal - Morocco and just into Mediterranean.

STERNIDAE (HM, SAM, IOC, BL, ROB subsume into Laridae)

BoA, CMT, HBW, IOC, BD Gelochelidon nilotica

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, estuaries and lakes: breeds Tunisia - Senegal; winters all of West Africa, Rift Valley lakes, coast south to Kenya, Tanzania.

Sterna caspia Caspian Tern Sterne caspienne

CMT, HBW, IOC Hydroprogne caspia

Resident and visitor, coasts and larger lakes: resident Mauritania, Senegal, much of east coast, Madagascar and other Indian Ocean islands; disperses all around Africa coast, up Nile Valley and much of West Africa.

Sterna maxima Royal Tern Sterne royale

albididorsalis

CMT, HBW, IOC Thalasseus maximus

Resident and visitor, coastal areas: breeds Mauritania to Guinea; disperses north to Morocco and south to Namibia

Sterna bergii Greater Crested Tern Sterne huppée

Swift Tern*; Great Crested Tern

CMT, HBW, IOC Thalasseus bergii (and races thalassinus, enigmus)

Resident and visitor, coasts and islands: breeds Namibia - S Tanzania, Red Sea, most Indian Ocean Is; disperses to parts of east coast in between breeding areas.

Sterna bengalensis Lesser Crested Tern Sterne voyageuse

(HM, HBW + emigrata (ROB incl in bengalensis); HM, HBW, ROB + bengalensis (also ZTP))

CMT, HBW, IOC Thalasseus bengalensis

Breeds lowlying islands, disperses to coastal areas: breeds Libya, all of Red Sea; disperses all North Africa - Mauritania and all down east coast to E South Africa and to Indian Ocean islands.

CMT, HBW, IOC Thalasseus sandvicensis

Palearctic winter visitor, coastal areas: Egypt along N and W coasts to C South Africa; Gulf of Aden; rarer east coast; breeds rarely Tunisia.

Sterna elegans Elegant Tern Sterne élégante

CMT, IOC Thalasseus elegans

Vagrant: South Africa.

Sterna sumatrana Black-naped Tern Sterne diamant

(HM, HBW + matthewsi)

Breeds Aldabra, Amirantes; disperses mainly to coastal water Somalia - Mozambique.

Sterna dougallii Roseate Tern Sterne de Dougall

dougallii; bangsi; arideensis

Resident and visitor, coasts and islands: resident S Somalia - Tanzania; S and E South Africa; Madagascar and many Indian Ocean Is (arideensis); breeding visitor Azores; non-breeding visitor Senegal - Gulf of Guinea.

Resident and visitor, coastal areas: breeds N Atlantic Is, North Africa (Tunisia) and Mauritania, Senegal; winters south of Tropic of Cancer all along coasts.

Palearctic winter visitor, open sea and coastal areas: mainly off South Africa; passage along west coast.

tristanensis; georgiae; vittata; (ROB + sanctipauli (CMT, HM incl in tristanensis))

Breeds S Indian Ocean Is (vittata), Tristan group, St Paul, Amsterdam (tristanensis); disperses to S South Africa (all races).

Sterna repressa White-cheeked Tern Sterne à joues blanches

Resident and breeding visitor, coasts: resident Somalia - N Tanzania; breeding visitor to N Red Sea.

(Sterna forsteri Forster’s Tern Sterne de Forster)

Vagrant: 2 records Azores.

CMT, IOC Onychoprion anaethetus (and races melanopterus, fuligulus)

Resident and visitor, coasts and sea: breeds Mauritania (melanoptera); Red Sea (fuligula); Madagascar and other Indian Ocean Is (antarctica); disperses to Gulf of Guinea and most of East African coast.

Sterna fuscata Sooty Tern Sterne fuligineuse

fuscata; nubilosa

CMT, IOC Onychoprion fuscatus (and races fuscatus, nubilosus)

Resident and visitor, seas and coasts: breeds Gulf of Guinea Is dispersing Senegal - Angola (fuscata); breeds S Red Sea, Indian Ocean Is dispersing Somalia - N South Africa (nubilosa).

Sterna balaenarum Damara Tern Sterne des baleiniers

CMT, IOC Sternula balaenarum

Resident and visitor, coasts: breeds Namibia - Cape Province; disperses north to Ghana.

Sterna albifrons Little Tern Sterne naine

albifrons; guineae; sinensis

CMT, IOC Sternula albifrons

Resident and visitor, mainly coastal areas: breeds North Africa and along W coast to Gulf of Guinea (mainly Ghana - Gabon), along Niger River; Seychelles, Comoro Is, Kenya (L. Turkana); disperses all around coast.

(BoA + saundersi)

CMT, IOC Sternula saundersi

Resident and visitor, coastal areas: breeds Red Sea, coast of S Somalia; disperses to S Tanzania and S Madagascar.

Resident, Crozet, Marion, Kerguelen, Prince Edward Is.

HM notes often incorrectly spelt C. hybridus (and race)

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, vegetated lakes: resident Kenya, Tanzania, much of South Africa, W Madagascar; visitor to Africa between Sahara and DRC - S Tanzania, and Nile Valley.

Chlidonias niger Black Tern Guifette noire

niger

Palearctic winter visitor, coasts and lakes: Egypt around N and W coasts to E South Africa; Nile Valley.

White-winged Black Tern

Palearctic winter visitor, lakes and coasts: all S of Sahara except forest areas and NE and SW desert areas; North Africa.

Anous minutus Black Noddy Noddi noir

atlanticus

Resident and visitor, seas: breeds Gulf of Guinea Is, Ascension, St Helena; disperses throughout whole Gulf of Guinea.

Sooty Noddy*

Resident and visitor, seas: breeds Seychelles, Mascarenes; disperses to Madagascar and coast of Kenya, Tanzania.

Common Noddy

Resident and visitor, coasts and seas: S Red Sea, many Indian Ocean Is (plumbeigularis, pileatus), Gulf of Guinea and S Atlantic Is (stolidus); disperses Senegal - Angola and south to N South Africa on east coast.

Fairy Tern; Common White Tern; Angel Tern*

Resident around breeding islands: Ascension, St Helena (alba); Seychelles, Aldabra, Mascarenes (candida).

RYNCHOPIDAE (HM, SAM, IOC, BL, ROB subsume into Laridae)
Rynchops flavirostris African Skimmer Bec-en-ciseaux d'Afrique

Resident, rivers at low water, open marshes, less common at coast: Senegal - Ethiopia south through W and S Kenya to Tropic of Capricorn.

ALCIDAE (SAM subsumes into Laridae)
Uria aalge Common Murre Guillemot marmette

Common Guillemot Guillemot de Troil

Palearctic winter visitor, seas off coast: S Morocco - Algeria.

(Uria lomvia Thick-billed Murre Guillemot de Brunnich)

Thick-billed Guillemot; Brunnich’s Guillemot

Vagrant: Azores.

Alca torda Razorbill Petit Pingouin

islandica

Palearctic winter visitor, seas off coast: S Morocco - E Algeria.

Dovekie

Vagrant: Morocco, Azores.

Palearctic winter visitor, seas off coast: S Morocco - Algeria, N Atlantic Is.

PTEROCLIDAE (DFW, HM, IOC, BL Pteroclididae)
Pterocles alchata Pin-tailed Sandgrouse Ganga cata

caudacutus

Resident, steppes and semi-desert: C Morocco - NW Libya.

Resident, bare semi-desert: narrow belt on S edge Sahara Senegal - Eritrea, south through E Ethiopia, W Somalia, NW Kenya to SC Kenya and extreme N Tanzania; Nile Valley in C Egypt (floweri, probably extinct).

Resident, stony desert and semi-desert: SW Angola - Cape Province east to E Botswana - C South Africa.

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, semi-arid steppe: W Morocco - NW Libya; Fuerteventura; winters Sinai.

Resident and nomadic, desert and semi-desert: all of Sahara Desert; NE Ethiopia - NW Somalia.

Resident and nomadic, deserts: North Africa south of Atlas Mts and in desert south to Western Sahara - N Sudan and Red Sea (coronatus); Sinai (vastitas).

Resident, savannas and open wooded plains: N, W and S Madagascar.

Resident, dry savanna, semi-desert scrub: NE Uganda - E Ethiopia, SW Somalia south to northern half of Tanzania.

targius; lichtensteinii; sukensis

Mainly resident, rocky and scrubby areas in desert and semi-desert: patchy Morocco, N Mauritania - C Sudan, SE Egypt, N Somalia and south to C Kenya; Socotra.

Pterocles quadricinctus Four-banded Sandgrouse Ganga quadribande

Resident, dry savannas: Sahel and Guinea savanna zones, Senegal - S and W Ethiopia south to N Uganda.

Resident, all wooded savannas, semi-deserts: SW Angola, S Zambia, NW Cape Province to S and W Mozambique excluding E Namibia, W Botswana.

Mainly resident, short grass plains near water: patchy Ethiopia to N Zambia (saturatior); S Zambia, N Botswana, NC South Africa (gutturalis).

Resident and nomadic, red Kalahari sand: extreme SE Angola, Namibia (not coastal), Botswana, NE Cape Province to W Transvaal.

(Syrrhaptes paradoxus Pallas’s Sandgrouse Syrrhapte paradoxal)

Vagrant: ???

COLUMBIDAE
Treron calvus African Green Pigeon Columbar à front nu

Pigeon vert à front nu

nudirostris; sharpei; calvus; virescens (not in CMT, HBW); uellensis; gibberifrons (not in CMT, HBW); brevicera (CMT brevicerus); wakefieldii; schalowi; ansorgei; vylderi; delalandii; granti; (CMT, HBW, HM + poensis; salvadorii; CMT, HBW + granviki (HM incl in gibberifrons); chobiensis (HM incl in schalowi); damarensis (HM incl in schalowi); orientalis (HM incl in delalandii); ROB + glauca (HM incl in delalandii))

HM notes often incorrectly spelt T. calva (and several races …a)

DFW subsumes into Treron australis Green Pigeon Pigeon vert

Resident, forest and dense woodlands: Senegal - N Uganda, S Kenya with a corridor to C Ethiopia south to C Angola - NE South Africa and down east coast of South Africa.

Pigeon vert de São Tomé

DFW subsumes into Treron australis Green Pigeon Pigeon vert

Resident, forests and plantations: São Tomé.

Pigeon vert de Pemba

DFW subsumes into Treron australis Green Pigeon Pigeon vert

Resident, forests and well-wooded areas: Pemba Is.

Resident, all forest types: Mohéli (griveaudi); Madagascar (not higher ground) (xenia in W, australis in E).

Pigeon vert waalia; Pigeon à

épaulettes violettes

Resident, dry dense woodland, savannas, riverine forest especially associated with Ficus spp: Senegal - Ethiopia, N Somalia south to C Ghana - C Uganda, N Kenya; Socotra.

Resident, forest including degraded around towns and villages: E half of Madagascar.

Resident, forest including mangroves: Aldabra (minor); Comoro Is (sganzini).

Resident, montane forest: Seychelles.

[Geopelia striata Zebra Dove Géopélie zébrée]

Barred Ground Dove

Introduced to Seychelles.

Turtur brehmeri Blue-headed Wood Dove Tourtelette demoiselle

Tourterelle à tête bleue

Resident, primary and old secondary forest: Guinea, Sierra Leone - S Cameroon - E DRC south to extreme NW Angola.

Resident, forest and well wooded areas: Senegal - S Cameroon - S Kenya south to C Angola - E Zimbabwe and south down coast of KZ-Natal; Ethiopian highlands; Bioko.

Emeraudine à bec rouge

Resident, forest edges, thickets, galleries: Senegal - Ethiopia south to S Angola - E Zimbabwe, C Mozambique, Zanzibar, Pemba; sparse in Kenya, Tanzania.

Turtur abyssinicus Black-billed Wood Dove Tourtelette d'Abyssinie

Emeraudine à bec noir

Resident, arid woodland, thickets: Sahel zone Senegal - Eritrea, rather further south in Dahomey Gap and extreme N Uganda.

Turtur chalcospilos Emerald-spotted Wood Dove Tourterelle émeraudine

(ROB + chalcospilos; volkmanni; zambesiensis)

Resident, wooded thickets, savannas: C Ethiopia, W Somalia south to N Botswana, E half South Africa, extends west to N Namibia and up coast of W Angola.

Oena capensis Namaqua Dove Tourtelette masquée

Tourtelette à masque de fer

Resident and intra-African migrant, Acacia savannas, thorn scrub: all S of Sahara except forest area, Socotra (capensis); Madagascar (aliena).

Bronze-naped Pigeon

DFW subsumes into Columba delegorguei

Resident, lowland forest, dense thickets: Sierra Leone, Liberia patchy to S Cameroon and throughout Congo forest area.

São Tomé Pigeon; Island Bronze-naped Pigeon*

DFW subsumes into Columba delegorguei

Resident, forests: São Tomé, Príncipe, Pagalu.

Delegorgue's Pigeon

Resident, forest canopy, dense woodland: very patchy SE Sudan to E South Africa east of Rift Valley.

African Lemon Dove Tourterelle à masque blanc

DFW, BL, ZTP, ROB, BD (+SF, SL, SS, RSF) Aplopelia larvata

CMT, HBW raise Columba simplex Forest Dove Pigeon insulaire

Resident, forest, thickets: N Ethiopia to S coast South Africa west to E DRC, NW Zambia; S Cameroon; Gulf of Guinea Is (simplex restricted to São Tomé); Mt Nimba, Liberia.

**Olive Pigeon; **Rameron Pigeon

Resident, forest (mostly in canopy) and plantations: patchy Ethiopian highlands south down Rift Valley to coastal South Africa; W Angola.

Columba sjostedti Cameroon Olive Pigeon Pigeon du Cameroun

Cameroon Pigeon

DFW subsumes into Columba arquatrix

Resident, dense misty montane forest: mts of Cameroon, SE Nigeria, Bioko.

Maroon Pigeon

DFW subsumes into Columba arquatrix

Resident, primary forest: São Tomé; Rollas Is (extinct).

Comoro Pigeon; Comoros Rameron Pigeon

CMT Columba polleni

Resident, evergreen forest especially high altitude: Comoro Is.

Resident, dense forest: E DRC and Ruwenzori Mts, W Uganda; 3 records Rumpi Hills, W Cameroon.

Resident, forest: patchy in West Africa forests; S Cameroon - SE Uganda south to N Angola, extreme NW Zambia.

**Wood Pigeon; Woodpigeon

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, woodland: resident (excelsa) and winter visitor (palumbus) Morocco - N Tunisia; resident Azores (azorica); extinct on Madeira (maderensis).

Resident, forest and open areas with old trees: Atlas Mts, Morocco; occasional east to Libya.

**Somaliland Pigeon; **Somali Stock Dove

Resident, arid hillsides: near coast of N and NE Somalia.

Columba guinea Speckled Pigeon Pigeon roussard

Pigeon de Guinée

Resident, open habitats, savannas: Senegal - NW Somalia south through E DRC - W Kenya to S Tanzania, SW Angola - E Zimbabwe to South Africa excluding driest parts.

Resident above 1800m asl in variety of habitats near cliffs and rocks: Ethiopian highlands.

Common Pigeon*; Rock Pigeon

Resident, cliffs, deserts, feral in cities: scattered across North Africa and Sahara Desert south to S Mali - C Sudan, Eritrea; Atlantic Is (canariensis, atlantis); many feral populations.

Madeira Laurel Pigeon

Resident, laurel and Erica forest: Madeira.

Columba bollii Dark-tailed Laurel Pigeon Pigeon de Bolle

Bolle’s Pigeon*

Resident, dense laurel forest especially in ravines: Tenerife, Gomera, La Palma, El Hierro (Canary Is).

Columba junoniae Laurel Pigeon Pigeon des lauriers

White-tailed Laurel Pigeon

Resident, laurel forest and scrubby zones at edge: La Palma, Gomera, Tenerife (since 1975) (Canary Is).

Nesoenas mayeri Pink Pigeon Pigeon rose

SAM Columba mayeri

Resident, wet forest: Mauritius.

Streptopelia semitorquata Red-eyed Dove Tourterelle à collier

Resident, wooded areas near water: all S of Sahara except parts of forest area, most of Somalia and N Kenya, and coastal Angola, all Namibia and drier parts of Botswana and W South Africa.

Mourning Collared Dove*

Resident, savannas within 10km of water: Senegal - Ethiopia, W Somalia and south in east to N Botswana, N South Africa, S Mozambique; patches in S and W Angola.

Resident, dry woodland, cultivation: West Africa outside of forest to W Ethiopia and south in east to N Uganda.

Cape Turtle Dove

Resident, all woodlands and open tree savannas: all to the south and east of S DRC - all of Ethiopia.

Rose-grey Dove

Resident and wanderer, thornbush and semi-desert: Sahel zone S Mauritania, Senegal - N Ethiopia, N Somalia and extends further to N and S for breeding; introduced to Canary Is.

Resident, Casuarina plantations in desert, towns and cities: NW Mauritania, Morocco, N Egypt (arrived ca 1980), Canary Is, Azores.

African White-winged Dove Tourterelle à ailes blanches

Resident, riparian woodland with palms: S Sudan, SE Ethiopia, S Somalia.

Streptopelia turtur European Turtle Dove Tourterelle des bois

Eurasian Turtle Dove

Breeding visitor and Palearctic winter visitor, open woodland, farmland: breeds North Africa and through N half of Sahara south to Hoggar and Air Mts, Nile Valley; Madeira; Canary Is; winters Sahel zone Senegal - C Ethiopia; occasional further south.

Tourterelle à poitrine rose

Resident, edge of dense woods: N Nigeria, N Cameroon.

Streptopelia lugens Dusky Turtle Dove Tourterelle à poitrine rose

Pink-breasted Turtle Dove Tourterelle cendrée

Resident, montane forests and nearby: East African mts, Ethiopia to S Tanzania, N Malawi west to W Uganda.

Streptopelia senegalensis Laughing Dove Tourterelle maillée

senegalensis; phoenicophila; aegyptiaca; sokotrae; (ROB + divergens (HM incl in senegalensis))

IOC, BL Stigmatopelia senegalensis

Resident, wooded savannas: all S of Sahara except forest area and deserts of NE and patchy in SW (senegalensis); scattered across North Africa south of Atlas Mts (phoenicophila); Nile Valley (aegyptiaca); Socotra (sokotrae).