Student Researchers’ Abstracts College of Business
College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences
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- Pioneer Spirit: A Critical Preface for Bess Streeter Aldrichs novel Song of Years
- The Rhetoric of Recruitment: A Proposal to Analyze Radical Islamist Use of Media
- “A Piece of Virtue”: A Look at Miranda in The Tempest
- Female Writers and their Gender-Appropriate Topics
- The Impact of Practicing in a Rural Setting on Ethical Decision-Making for Marriage and Family Therapists
- Disappearing Walls: New Colonial Voices through Magical Realism
- Metacognition and Active Reflection in the First-Year Composition Classroom
- Writing Assessment: The History and a Look into the Future
- Impact of Family Conflicts on Anxiety and Academic Achievement among University Students
- Reevaluating Landmark Legislation: An investigation into the original rationale and the legislative consistency thereof of the Securities Exchange Act of 1933
- The Tradition of Machismo in Granada, Nicaragua and Gary,Indiana
- A Legacy of Religious Patronage: The Countesses of Flanders and their foundation of Flemish Beguinages
- She-wolf of France: Margaret of Anjou, and the Wars of the Roses
- The Formation and Transformation of Trade Routes in Ilkhanid Persia
- Differences in psychological and physiological stress levels in yoga participants at all age and experience levels
- English Language Program Students in American Universities: How Adjustment Aids and Peer Mentoring Can Affect Academic and Social Success
- The Familiarity Bias in Shape Discrimination
- Language Aquisition: The Sensitive-Period
- Adoption and Implementation of Gender Quotas: Perspectives from the United States and Japan
- Game Theory and Posthuman Dystopias
- Elite Manipulation of Public Opinion: Iraq War
College of Liberal Arts and Social SciencesUnveiling Sexual Identity in the Face of MarianismoBridget Sanchez, Gisela Leija, and Florence Lewis Mentor(s): Joseph Wetchler Graduate Oral Presentation Theory and research focusing on the sex lives of Latinos in the United States is relatively recent (González-López, & Vidal-Ortiz, 2008). Thus, there is a need to examine ethnic minorities in the sexuality literature, and Latinos in the United States are a significant population to consider. The authors of this research created a therapeutic framework to address the needs of Latina women in the United States seeking therapy for sexual issues. Specifically, the authors address the phenomena of Marianismo and the influence on sexuality and sexual identity in Latina women in the United States. Marianismo illustrates a gender role phenomenon, common in Latina women which implicitly socializes embodiment of virtues of the Virgin Mary including: caretaking, self-sacrifice, honor, passivity and sexual morality. Authors suggest that problems may arise regarding sexual satisfaction, as sexual pleasure may conflict with the expectation of sexual morality. Our research aims to provide new perspectives with regard to Latinas and sexuality in order to bridge the gap in the literature by focusing on the relationship between acculturation, sexuality, and marianismo amongst Latina women in the United States. The authors highlight culturally sensitive factors, which play a role in sexual identity development for men and women of the Latino population struggling with sexual issues. Specifically, this framework helps clinicians and clients re-author sexual perspectives by incorporating teachings regarding marianismo from the culture of origin in combination with the influence of American culture on sexual identity. This is accomplished by utilizing systemic modalities, including transgenerational family therapy in conjunction with narrative family therapy, and some sex therapy interventions when applicable.
Mentor(s): Dennis Barbour, Lizbeth Bryant, and Jane Campbell Graduate Oral Presentation This research project was conducted for the purpose of writing a critical preface for the author Bess Streeter Aldrich’s 1939 novel Song of Years. Aldrich began receiving mainstream critical success in 1911 when The Ladies Home Journal published the first of many of her stories. Over the next forty years, Aldrich wrote over one hundred short stories and eight novels, all of which were published and celebrated worldwide. Yet many factors have kept Aldrich out of the established literary canon and have contributed to her being relegated to the lesser tiers of American literature. Her style of writing, considered sentimental by some critics, her choice of hopeful and positive story lines, as well as her designation as a regionalist author have all played significant roles in her being shunned or forgotten by critics and in causing many of her books, including Song of Years, to fall out of print. This research, in the form of a critical preface, argues that Bess Streeter Aldrich’s works are representative of the true nature of the lives of the pioneers who settled the Midwest of the United States and that the pedagogical value of her novels warrants a justifiable place for her among the respected authors of the American modern literary canon.
Mentor(s): Mita Choudhury Graduate Oral Presentation The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is conducting a violent, destructive rampage through Iraq and Syria in hopes of establishing a caliphate. Since the militant group’s successful siege on Mosul, both Western and Islamic states are concerned about the organization’s progress through the Middle East as fighting spreads west, towards the Turkish border. Achieving territorial expansion requires power of numbers and unwavering faith from constituents. Towards this end, ISIS is recruiting and radicalizing followers from the West, many of whom are second-generation immigrants from the US, Canada, and the UK. / Though the fundamentalist ideologies that ISIS utilizes in their fight have struck fear in the minds of Christians and Muslims alike, the organization is still making significant gains in recruitment. An East vs. West mentality, illustrated by Samuel Huntington’s “The Clash of the Civilizations,” cannot account for this due to the dissonance in culture and huge geographical gaps between civilizations. Blogs and other forms of literature are proving to be highly effective tools for creating support for ISIS among Western civilians. The purpose of this project is to understand how ISIS’s recruitment process works. This study necessitates a cultural and rhetorical analysis. In order to conduct this research, I will examine literature related to the culture of those who have already been recruited, such as Mohammed Emwazi and Aqsa Mahmood. In addition, I will study rhetorical devices within recruitment materials, which will provide valuable insight into the methods of radicalization. “A Piece of Virtue”: A Look at Miranda in The TempestShelby Engelhardt Mentor(s): Mita Choudhury Graduate Oral Presentation As the lone female in Shakespeare’s The Tempest, Miranda seems to be a depiction of female virtue in Elizabethan England; however, a closer look at Miranda allows one to see her as a representation of desire and consent. Many situations Miranda is placed in during the play allows her to represent the political circumstances of the play. Her marriage negotiations are a perfect example of this. Prospero’s interactions with Ariel and Caliban are directly framed by his and Miranda’s interactions and comment on her rebellion. This paper will look at Shakespeare’s use of the character of Miranda as a representation of desire and consent rather than just taking her at face value as the illustration of female virtue. Female Writers and their Gender-Appropriate TopicsKathryn Clark Mentor(s): Mita Choudhury Graduate Oral Presentation In the literary world, the role of women has progressed significantly in the last few centuries. Not only have female characters come to be more realistically and complimentarily written, female authors have become more accepted as members of the mainstream presence on bookshelves. However, despite the fact that society is opening its collective mind to female voices, it still expects only certain topics to come from those female voices. As a reading public, we expect serious, widely-relevant topics to be discussed by male writers, while the shallower topics are tackled by women. This is true even of autobiography; men’s memoirs tend to harbor some deeper cultural/societal importance whereas female’s typically exhibit a more personal importance. The implication here is that women still only feel qualified to speak narrowly of themselves, while men feel free to make broader claims. For my research, I plan to investigate this idea that women’s voices in literature still differ from men’s voices. My research will touch upon older, canonical texts which largely do not feature female voices. The main focus of my research will center on contemporary female authors who, now that they have found their voices, still use those voices to speak about “appropriately female” topics. The Impact of Practicing in a Rural Setting on Ethical Decision-Making for Marriage and Family TherapistsMichael Thomas Mentor(s): David Nalbone and Lorna Hecker Graduate Oral Presentation The literature surrounding ethical dilemmas in rural communities is limited, and current ethical guidelines lack inclusion of the contexts of these ethical dilemmas (Campbell, Kearns, & Patchin, 2006; Campbell & Gordon, 2003; Gonyea, Wright, & Earl-Kulkosy). Many rural communities have high levels of health problems, contain low levels of resources, lower levels of education, and less diverse populations that may be hard for practicing marriage and family therapist to grasp (Campbell & Gordon, 2003). Thus, rural practicing marriage and family therapists need to modify the skills that they have learned in their urban centered graduate training program to take active steps in becoming a working member of the rural community (Helbok, Marinelli, & Walls, 2006). These steps may weaken the boundaries between their personal and professional lives and create a higher rate for the opportunity of an ethical dilemma (Campbell & Gordon, 2003). The purpose of this research is to assess the difficulties that rural practicing marriage and family therapists encounter regarding multiple relationships, visibility within the community, confidentiality, and scope of practice. The subjects for the proposed study will include licensed marriage and family therapists in the United States. A survey instrument will be created for this study that is based on the current literature regarding rural population and ethical decision-making (Campbell & Gordon, 2003; Gonyea, Wright, & Earl-Kulkosy, 2014; Hecker, 2010; Helbok, Marinelli, & Walls, 2006; Morris 2006; Morris 2007). The proposed study is scheduled to be performed Summer 2015.
Mentor(s): Mita Choudhury Graduate Oral Presentation At the end of modernity, literature put up great walls to expose its audience to the horrors contained within the human soul. Dramatists such as Samuel Beckett and Harold Pinter wrote plays with spare sets which drew attention more to the inner struggles of humans and their propensity to commit evil than the actualized result of such impulses shown in more realist narratives. Philosophers like Terry Eagleton and Umberto Eco emphasize the causation of those tragedies of the two World Wars of the twentieth century were the demonstration of what humans capability, therefore defining humans. / / Magical realism emerged less distinctive and more as a distraction during modernity’s crisis. Scholars like Lois Parkinson Zamora, and Wendy Faris helped shape and define magical realist fictions in the postmodern literary realm. By showing how the narrative shifts exist the ranges of past issues opens without sacrificing the hope required to create, see and build the foundations for a future. This narrative framework provides current scholars such as Jesus Benito, Ana Ma Mazanas and Begona Simal to explore the temporal narrative interplay between worlds of postcolonial fiction providing a view which both reaches inward and thus draws contrast to both the modern and postmodern worlds. This paper will look at the hesitancy which is consistent in magical realist fiction between reader, narrator and the elusive atemporal narrative of postcolonial magical realist fiction. Here, the reader can reach and find purpose which remained absent at the end of modernity and to transcend the absurd walls which imprisoned human aspiration for beauty. Metacognition and Active Reflection in the First-Year Composition ClassroomTiffany Dewell Mentor(s): Karen Bishop-Morris Graduate Poster Presentation Purdue University Calumet’s First Year Composition program currently provides a strong writing foundation for students to build on as they continue with their individual academic pursuits. While this is an important component of becoming a successful student, English 104 has the potential to offer students an additional dimension of learning. By adding direct instruction of metacognition and an active reflection component into this course, students will leave the class with not only the critical skill set described, but also a keen awareness of their own learning processes. By comparing a variety of student texts from two sections of English 104, only one of which received direct instruction of metacognition, this research seeks to determine the additional learning benefits present witih this additional layer of content. Writing Assessment: The History and a Look into the FutureShelby Engelhardt Mentor(s): Carolyn Boiarsky Graduate Poster Presentation Writing is the basis for communication in modern society, yet there is a major crisis in education regarding where it fits within the educational system. The National Commission on Writing (2003) says: “American education will never realize its potential as an engine of opportunity and economic growth until a writing revolution puts language and communication in their proper place in the classroom.... Although many models of effective ways to teach writing exist, both the teaching and practice of writing are increasingly shortchanged throughout the school and college years” (3). Many other entities have echoed the National Commission on Writing’s stance with regards to improving writing achievement through revolutionizing instruction. While writing instruction is key to advancing writing skills in students, assessment plays a major role in not only improving student writing, but also improving instruction methods. The idea of “washback”, implies that in an attempt to measure the outcomes of writing instruction, test-makers impact the quality and content of instruction (Hamp-Lyons, 1991, 2001; Messick). Therefore, it is imperative that we have theoretically sound assessment practices to serve as suitable guides for instruction. This begs the questions of: which theory is correct and which theory should be used in creating writing assessments? This paper specifically looks at how measurement and writing theories have been used to create assessments in the past and how to create better assessments using the knowledge we have gained over the last half century. Writing assessment, in essence, is the interaction of writing theory and measurement theory. These theories are also influenced by many contextual factors, one of these factors being time. To understand and contextualize this process, the history of writing assessment must be explored. I am limiting the scope of this paper to the past 50 years of writing instruction and assessment theory. Impact of Family Conflicts on Anxiety and Academic Achievement among University StudentsEbtisam Zarb Mentor(s): Anne Edward Graduate No Preferred Presentation This paper proposes the study of the effect of family conflicts on anxiety and academic achievement among university students. The goal of this study is to understand some factors that may influence academic performance such as motivation and anxiety, as well as understand if those factors mediate the relationship between family conflicts and low academic achievement. It is hypothesized that students who report a high level of family conflicts will have higher anxiety and lower motivation levels compared to students who report a low level of family conflicts. Furthermore, students who have a high level of family conflicts will have lower academic achievement in comparison with those who have a low level of family conflicts.
Mentor(s): Saul Lerner Undergraduate Oral Presentation Following the Great Crash of 1929, the Securities Exchange Act of 1933 was the first leap in the federal regulation of national financial markets. The Act was drafted against the backdrop of pre-existing state regulation following the stunning disclosure of the Congressional hearings dubbed the Pecora Commission; which unveiled massive efforts of dishonesty, if not outright fraud, on the behalf of major banks and the president of the New York Stock Exchange. The Act’s original rationale is largely said to have been the pursuit of benefiting the individual investor by mandating the registration of publicly listed companies and the latters’ dispersion of accurate information in order to give individual investors the means of making intelligent investment decisions. Beginning with an historical reevaluation in the analyzation of primary sources such as Congressional testimonies and reports, documents which were used to sculpt the Act’s original rationale, it is of chief importance to determine, upon completing the latter, whether what legislatively materialized was consistent with the problems illuminated by the Pecora Commission.
Mentor(s): John Rowan and Natalie Stanish Undergraduate Oral Presentation The issue that will be addressed in this project is how the tradition of machismo effects a developing child’s behavior. Since the rise of the Somoza dynasty beginning in the 1930s, the Nicaraguan political system has been influencing the male population as well as the men involved in the Nicaraguan National Guard, political affiliates, and the civilian man to engage in risky sexual activity. When comparing the United States of America and Nicaragua, it is pivotal that one is aware of the periods of political unrest, and how the current political parties have influenced these cultures. For the sake of this research project, it is critical that one understands how the government affected the gender norms of the people of Nicaragua. The political turbulence as well as the male ideal of power all have an effect on how children view themselves, others, and persons from other countries. To clarify, I will travel to Nicaragua and observe the children living in a squatter community in Granada. In this observational study of children living in Granada, Nicaragua, the focus will be on the children’s behavior as well as how the machismo tradition influences them. In addition, another group of children living in Gary, Indiana will be observed as well. The number of sexual and or crude language references will be documented and compared to the other respective group of children. The importance of this research is to evaluate the effects of the machismo tradition and examine the ramifications of these worldviews.
Mentor(s): Tanya Stabler Undergraduate Oral Presentation Over the course of the Middle Ages, women’s roles became increasingly relegated to the domestic sphere with fewer women entering positions of political power. Beliefs about men and women’s biological make-up and intellectual abilities fueled this gender gap. However, this case study of Countesses Jeanne and Marguerite of Flanders and Hainaut seeks to illustrate that a small number of elite women did find themselves wielding significant political power and authority due to a feudal society that placed a higher importance on status and bloodlines than gender. The Countesses Jeanne and Marguerite and other noblewomen like them found ways to secure their power in a violent world—chiefly through religious patronage. Religious institutions such as monasteries and convents offered sacred (prayers for salvation) and secular (economic profits and support of the Catholic Church) benefits to Flemish nobles during the twelfth and thirteen centuries. The countesses supported monasteries, convents, and especially beguine communities; their support for beguines and the construction of beguinages stemmed from an important role these beguines played in the community. The endowments for the beguinages provided by the Countesses not only increased their popularity amongst the townspeople but also provided an element of stability to Flemish towns because the beguines cared for the sick and gave alms to the poor. The Countesses helped found twenty six beguinages in Flanders during the course of their reigns and left behind an enduring legacy of religious patronage that future noblewomen like the famed French queen Blanche of Castile would seek to emulate. The sheer number of beguinages these women helped establish gives one an idea of the value placed on beguines by medieval society.
Mentor(s): Tanya Stabler Undergraduate Peg-board Presentation In William Shake sphere’s “3 Henry VI” the Lancastrian queen, Margaret of Anjou, is characterized as having transgressed from her sex, and being of a cruel and aggressive nature unlike that of any other woman. Such a view of Margaret of Anjou (23 March 1430 – 25 August 1482) as an aggressive woman who was filled with nothing but ambition and aggression is a faulty view that has its origins in Yorkist thought that began during the Wars of the Roses. This paper will demonstrate the influence that Yorkist bias had on perceptions of Margaret, and how she was actually working within the bounds of her society, and acted to protect her son’s claim by looking at Margaret’s personal letters, looking at more recent studies concerning Queen Margaret.
Mentor(s): Tanya Stabler Undergraduate Peg-board Presentation The Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta (1304-1368) had originally intended to embark on a journey that was solely meant to take him to Mecca and back again to his home in Tangier, Morocco as part of the Muslim Hajj. However, he ended up going from being a pilgrim to being a traveler, his journeys taking him from Constantinople to China. / Between 1327 and 1328, Battuta traveled through Iraq and Persia before leaving for his second Hajj. After this second Hajj, Battuta traveled through southern Persia before turning back to visit East Africa. Throughout this voyage, Battuta described bazaars and markets that when visually displayed demonstrate the routes of trade that were occurring in this region during the fourteenth century, as well as the various trade connections that existed between the Ilkhanate, and other states in Asia and Europe. / By examining Ibn Battuta’s travels through the Ilkhanate, and through the analysis of studies done on the subject of trade in Ilkhanate Persia in the 13th and 14th centuries, this paper will demonstrate how the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate allowed for a shift in trade in Persia’s favor. By shifting the focus of trade from the Abbasid capital of Bāghdād to the Ilkhanate capital of Tabrīz, a new tra
Mentor(s): David Pick Undergraduate Poster Presentation A substantial amount of research has already been done on yoga’s effect on stress reduction. One particular study conducted by Brisbon & Lowery (2011) concluded that advanced yoga practitioners, those who have had five or more years of practice, reported higher mindfulness levels and lower stress levels than beginning yoga practitioners, those with a year or less experience. Advanced practices in yoga and mindfulness have been linked with lower stress levels in a multitude of other studies, but the criteria for advanced yoga users is too extensive. The proposed study seeks to further illustrate the levels of stress reduction experienced by beginner and advanced yoga practitioners regardless of age. Beginning yoga practitioners are defined as those with one year of yoga experience or less, while advanced practitioners include those with over one year experience. One improvement in the proposed study is the inclusion of a control group, in order to obtain baseline levels of reported stress, which is missing from previous literature in yoga research. The proposed study will also look at participants’ physiological responses to stress as well. While yoga has a proven positive effect on psychological stress, the physiological indicators of stress, such as cortisol and β-endorphin levels have not been as widely researched. Pre and post-tests will be administered to participants in order to determine the two week program’s effectiveness. While the proposed study predicts that both advanced and beginning participants will experience less stress after yoga intervention, the benefit to the advanced group is greater. /
Mentor(s): Cezara Undergraduate Poster Presentation In 2013, international students made up nearly 4% of all students enrolled in higher education in the United States. This constitutes a change of nearly 10% from 2012, an upward development seen consistently in the last decade. Reflecting the worldwide trend of ever increasing globalization and unification, these individuals come from an ever expanding diversity of backgrounds and cultures and bring to the United States their own contributions to our culture, economy, and knowledge base. This steady influx has created the need for competent multicultural organizations and programs, to successfully support their transitions. Since the 1970s, many studies have conducted empirical research on these individuals to measure the impact of working or studying abroad.This pursuit to find successful adjustment aids that will positively affect and help international immigrants and students has produced various and varied recommendations. One such adjustment aid that has been often recommended but little pursued is that of peer mentoring programs for international students within university settings. In this study, using qualitative methodology, we have researched peer mentoring programs and how they can affect the academic and social success of English Language Program students studying in the United States, and specifically at Purdue University Calumet. We found that the use of a university level peer mentoring program proved to be helpful in both academic work and local social networking.
Mentor(s): David Pick Undergraduate Poster Presentation The problem being investigated was first observed by experimenters 20 years ago while they were conducting a color perception experiment (Pick, Lovell, Brown & Dail, 1994). The equine subject chose an unreinforced, familiar stimulus over a novel stimulus 20 trials in a row. This outcome is contrary to all behavioristic psychological learning theories, but is consistent with prospect theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979). Prospect theory predicts that a subject will choose a familiar stimuli when given the choice between a familiar and novel stimuli. The first phase of this study replicated results from the original observation using double-blind controls, again with different colors. The second phase of this study is attempting to confirm this phenomenon with geometric shapes. A sole report in the literature of horse cognition has concluded that ponies can discriminate between two shapes in a two-choice task using food reinforcement (Hanggi, 1999). These results require verification as the experiment did not utilize double-blind controls. For the second phase of this study, a subject is placed in a two-choice trial 20 times a day, 4 days a week. The geometric stimuli are a black square, a circle, and a triangle. Once an association between food reinforcement and the circle are learned the circle will be replaced with a triangle, putting double-blind controls in effect. The study hypothesizes that the subject will choose the unreinforced square stimuli a disproportionately higher number of times, following the predictions from prospect theory.
Red SummerStefanee Parks and Grace Kruse Mentor(s): Joseph Bigott Undergraduate No Preferred Presentation Our purpose was to write and present a panel exhibition about different aspects of the race riots that happened in Chicago in 1919. We were able to do so and it continued on into the Spring 2015 semester. Each part was written by individual students, but upon reading the final submission you will not see any of our names but instead we present it as one group and one voice because this was truly a group collaboration of writing. This paper consists of 14 short briefs that detail events before, during, and after the race riot that took place in Chicago in 1919 and ends with a students eyewitness testimony of current events in Ferguson, Missouri. It is used in conjunction with seventeen panels that give a visual history of the points named in our briefs. The impact of this work is to entice others to ask questions and open a discussion about race relations and show it visually from a historical perspective.
Mentor(s): Gordon Frost Undergraduate No Preferred Presentation The effect of early multilingual experience on the later acquisition of a new language / The sensitive-period hypothesis for language acquisition is the idea that languages are learned to a higher level of proficiency in childhood than in adulthood. Languages acquired in adulthood are usually spoken with a permanent accent that carries over from the speaker’s native language. An intriguing anecdotal observation is that when someone learns more than one language in childhood, they can then learn further languages in adulthood to a high level of proficiency. The proposed research will investigate systematically whether multilingual experience in childhood permits a more native-like level of language proficiency to be attained when an additional language is acquired in adulthood. Non-native speakers of English will be recruited, and they will be asked to (a) fill out a questionnaire detailing their language background, and (b) offer samples of English speech that will be recorded. Student researchers will be asked to do one or both of the following: (a) administer the questionnaire and record speech samples, and (b) rate the speech samples for the heaviness of accent. It is predicted that those who spoke more than one language in childhood will speak English with a lighter accent than those who learned only one language in their younger years.
Mentor(s): Meg Rincker Undergraduate No Preferred Presentation Quotas to fill more executive seats with female occupants are spreading rapidly across the international community. Today, there are over 100 nations that utilize some form of gender quota in their legislatures. Countries like Spain, Norway, the Netherlands, France, and Italy have all implemented this legislation to observe the pros and cons of a numerical gender balance on their public-decision making. However, we continue to live in a male-dominated political system. Now, why is it that women currently hold only 20.4% of executive positions, but are the larger population? In this project, the goal is to design a comparative analysis on the adoption of gender quotas in the United States and Japan. The pros and cons of this regulation will be presented by the usage of qualitative, quantitative, and empirical methods. These methods will be backed up by documents from the Democratic Party in Japan, the Global Database of Quotas for Women, original interviews, and CEDAW reports to establish credibility and understand under which conditions will parties support candidate gender quotas. The Pew Research Center shall provide some insightful information and statistics as well. Are women experiences needed in the political atmosphere? Or are politics in today’s world too “aggressive” and “intimidating” for a female to be at the head of the line. Women do have the right for equal representation, but will gender quotas imply that candidates may now be elected because of their gender instead of their educational qualifications?
Mentor(s): Mita Choudhury Undergraduate No Preferred Presentation Game theory can be applied wherever there is human interaction and conflict. Fiction is the exploration of human interaction and conflicts or complications related to such interaction. Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake is no exception. In this dystopian speculative fiction, games are found in almost every narrative segment and are essential to the plot and the theme of human depravity. / / Games played by the antagonist and protagonist are frequently depicted, such as in “Blood and Roses,” where players barter human achievements for human atrocities. Atwood later introduces a game, “Extinctathon,” wherein players must rely on their knowledge of extinct animals in order to defeat their competitors. Games such as the modified, iterated prisoner’s dilemma involving Jimmy and his mother, and the coordination game with conflict between Jimmy’s mother and father, are pure representations of classic strategic decision-making scenarios. These games are deeply significant to the story which deals with the destruction of the Earth and the causes leading up to the catastrophe. Thus the games should be interpreted as microcosms of significant events in Atwood’s future society as well as our own. Through extensive reading of the text and application of game theory to particular situations through the definition of outcomes, strategies, and equilibria, I will show the relationship between these games and the large, catastrophic events at the center of the narrative. The application of game theory to a narrative framework such as Atwood’s will help to expose possible turns of events which the dystopian fiction introduces as probability.
Mentor(s): Rebecca Stankowski and Meg Rincker Undergraduate No Preferred Presentation This paper argues that the Bush Administration’s foreign policy regarding the invasion of Iraq was not in the national interest of the United States. In fact, the invasion of Iraq created more security issues for the United States. There are two reasons the invasion of Iraq was not in the national interest of the United States. The first reason is that the United States acting unilaterally has created soft balancing which can – and most likely will lead to hard balancing if the United States continues to act unilaterally. The second reason is that the war in Iraq violates core American values. It has caused insurgency and many deaths of noncombatants. The war’s goal is not to stop aggression or defend human rights but instead to spread democracy. The war is unjust because other methods could have been used to spread democracy besides military action. / This paper also disputes that the United States public opinion regarding the war wasn’t actually developed by the public. Instead this paper argues that elites (government officials and the media) manipulated the public’s perceptions. Elites associated the War in Iraq to the War in Afghanistan. This instilled a fear in the public that resulted in high support for the Bush Administration and the war despite the severe consequences and the real facts behind the invasion of Iraq.
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