Supply Chain Analysis for Rural Sanitation Products and Services in Lao pdr

Table 2: Characteristics of the research districts 30

Table 3: Field work methodology overview 31

Table 4: In-depth Interviews – Total Sample 33

Table 5: Owner and Self Employed Material Suppliers – Distribution by gender (n=68) 38

Table 6: Other business activities – material suppliers (n=68) 39

Table 7: Types of other businesses owned by material suppliers (n=68) 39

Table 8: Source of capital – material suppliers (% of total) (n=68) 41

Table 9: Gender of the person who manages the business’s accounts/finances (% of total) (n=68) 41

Table 10: Owner and Self Employed Concrete Producers – Distribution by Gender (n=37) 44

Table 11: Types of other businesses activities by concrete producers (n=37) 46

Table 12: Source of capital – concrete producers (% of total) (n=37) 46

Table 13: Customers of concrete producers (average of reported %) (n=37) 47

Table 14: Concrete producers who have received training (n=37) 47

Table 15: Pit lining options (% of total) (n=71) 50

Table 16: Type of latrines masons able to build (% of total) (n=71) 51

Table 17: Ability of masons to repair and upgrade a latrine and average per year (n=71) 51

Table 18: Most common improvements made (% of total, multiple choice allowed) (n=71) 52

Table 19: Construction materials – Country of origin 53

Table 20: Type of latrines owned by the rural poor 56

Table 21: Latrine superstructures of the rural poor 57

Table 22: List of materials to build a typical latrine 57

Table 23: Latrine core and superstructure costs for a commonly-built latrine (LAK) 58

Table 24: Materials prices in different provinces (average of suppliers’ selling price), LAK 61

Table 25: Price paid by concrete producers for cement (LAK per ton) 61

Table 26: Price of concrete rings in different provinces (average of producers’ selling price) 62

Table 27: Labor required to build the “most commonly built” latrine, as quoted by masons (n=71) 62

Table 28: Average daily cost per person for latrine construction (n=71) 64

Table 29: Transport costs for large loads between major centers 65

Table 30: Examples of local transportation costs 66

Table 31: Commonly-built latrine total costs (materials + labor) 68

Table 32: Relationship between masons and other supply chain actors (% of total) 76

Table 33: Suppliers’ gross margins on selected materials (n=68) 76

Table 34: Availability of skilled and knowledgeable masons in poor rural villages 79

Table 35: Business or Marketing Plan – Positive Respondents (% of total) (n=68 and 37) 84

Table 36: Branches interviewed that have lent to households for toilet construction and to supply chain) 91

Table 37: Plans to expand operation in the district (% of total) 91

Table 38: Current Import Tariff and VAT Rates in Lao PDR (%) 97

Table 39: Potential finance approaches for onsite sanitation 108