Due to scientific and technological advancement, it is necessary that a businessman should possess the basic skills and knowledge about his business. The success or failure of a business mostly depends on the person who runs it. First of all, a successful businessman must be industrious and hardworking. He should be well balanced and cool minded and have the ability to work for long hours. A lazy person can be harmful for business. Also he needs to be confident. This personal quality puts the businessman in a position where he can work with great determination even in hard circumstances. A person who wants to be successful in business must be honest and sincere and have the qualities of leadership. The employees work wholeheartedly if they have the influence of their boss in business. A good entrepreneur must be polite with his employees and customers in any personal or business deal. In this way he can win their trust and can earn more profit. Patience is necessary for a businessman. He has to meet with many difficult people. If he loses his temper, then he may face problems and suffer losses.
Qualities of a good nurse
An effective nurse is caring, understanding and sympathetic. Nurses deal with the sick and injured on a daily basis, and they need to show them that they truly care about their situations. At the same time, nurses need to be able to control their own emotions. They constantly deal with stressful situations, so nurses must be able to remain calm and think clearly under these circumstances.
Solid communication skills are one of the most important aspects of the job. Nurses have to be able to communicate with doctors, patients and coworkers in a very fast-paced environment. They must also listen carefully to doctors’ orders and take perfect notes when needed. Good nurses are able to follow directions without a problem and easily communicate with patients and families.
Good nurses need to be responsible and accurate. When dealing with the health of another human being, there is little room for error, so nurses must responsibly carry out their duties at all times. Nurses also need to be flexible with their time. Since emergencies can occur at any time, and nurses are needed 365 days a year, they are often required to work overtime, nights, weekends and holidays.
28. Unit 5 Lesson 2. Ex. 4a
I wanted to be a flight attendant for years before the opportunity ever presented itself. I wanted to travel, and see the world – and it's pretty rare to find a profession in which one would be paid to do so. My friends and acquaintances ask what it's really like, and how to go about becoming a flight attendant. Well, I’ve decided to make this video and tell you about the benefits and setbacks of this profession.
The first advantage is obvious: you fly anywhere for free. Sometimes you'll pay a small tax depending on the country you visit if it's for pleasure. If you're working the flight, though – you're paid to see places and your lodging is taken care of. It’s a great chance to see the world and visit friends. Moreover, it's one of the most culturally diverse jobs. You can meet and befriend other flight attendants of every nationality. I've learned so much about other countries and cultures because I get to spend time with some really interesting people. I've had some really fascinating and delightful passengers. They are the type of people you want to know better, and it's a little sad when they leave the plane. It's never boring. The airline industry is constantly evolving and changing and growing. You're never flying with the same people, you're going to different places, there's never a typical day. Sometimes the tasks can become monotonous, but your passengers are never the same. You can even meet celebrities. Maybe a lot of people don't care about that, but I think it keeps things fun. Doesn't all of that sound awesome?
A lot of it is – but to be fair, I cannot only present it with rose-colored glasses. It can be really, really hard. It's important to know both sides of the coin.
One of the disadvantages to being a flight attendant is that you have to say goodbye to holidays (for a while at least). Spending Christmas in a hotel by yourself is never going to be easy. Last year I was in Oregon for Thanksgiving, California for Christmas, and Florida for New Year's.
Another unpleasant thing is that your plans will always change. Consider every factor that goes into traveling. Your day and schedule will change with the weather. You may think you're going to make it home for dinner, but your plane might have a mechanical issue and you'll get stuck in New York. I still hear horror stories from a couple of winters ago when people were stranded in New York for days because of the snow storms.
What is more, you miss a lot of what happens at home. I've missed so many birthdays, so many parties. I've missed visits from out of town family and friends because I've had to work. There's something about flying out of town when you know you're about to miss something great that just hurts a person's heart. I've missed church more times than I can count, and I came pretty close to not having the time off that I needed for my own wedding.
This job is sometimes stressful as people can be mean. As flight attendants, we're sometimes the only face of the airline people get to interact with. This can be great, but it can also be brutal. I've had passengers yell at me, throw their bags down in a tantrum, cuss about injustice, and make people cry.
Of course, this is barely scratching the surface – but I hope it gives you a better idea of what it's like. I think it always sounds like a fun and glamorous job, and it is often rewarding – but it can be equally challenging.
29. Unit 5 Lesson 3. Ex. 2a
I just got back from attending a lecture and the speaker talked about how when the movie Top Gun came out, every guy wanted be a fighter pilot and then when Silence of the Lambs came out, every girl wanted to be an FBI agent like Clarice. So this got me thinking... What influenced your career choice?
1.
I work as a computer software engineer. I have wanted to work with computers since I was 15 years old. I realized I enjoyed working with hardware and learned how to set up networks when I was in early high school. When I was a young child I would always play on my parents’ computers. Whenever we would get a new computer, I would set it up; I would spend hours working with software and hardware. I would say that I chose my career because it was what I was most comfortable doing.
2.
I originally wanted to go into psychology... After one class, I realized I enjoyed finding out why consumers made the decisions they made. This originally led me to advertising-- you know, I would create the campaigns that grabbed the attention of millions of consumers. After learning more about advertising, I decided to think about public relations because I love telling a story and building reputations. After one informational interview, I was hooked! The rest has been history.
3.
I am an electronic media and film major. I believe I got into this field because of a summer camp that I was put through when I was younger. It was called 'Young filmmakers workshop.' In this camp I learnt how to film, how to act, and how to put the final product together in post-production. I would say many things influenced my decision of electronic media and film and yes, the media and television programmes were a contributing factor.
4.
I want to be a teacher, preferably for younger kids. Growing-up, I was constantly around younger kids. I’m the oldest sibling and cousin in my family. My mum also did day care in our home after my brother was born, so I grew up helping with all those kids. I had been told since I was really young that I would make a great teacher because I’m caring, patient and really good with kids. I didn’t seriously consider teaching until I was a senior in high school and took a future teachers class. I had to spend a couple hours a week in a 5th grade classroom,
5.
I’m studying to be a speech language pathologist. The King’s Speech had to do with my choice, but I was already at least a year into this career when I saw that movie. My mum influenced my career choice. She told me it was a rewarding and stable career. She told me I could work in a variety of settings and with a variety of populations. She said it was an in-demand career and I’d have an easy time finding work after I graduated. It’s a great career that would allow me to be a super woman that succeeds in the career world, to be an awesome wife and a mother.
6.
My Medical Assisting teacher is the one that influenced my decision to want to become an Occupational Therapist. She did her best to find out everything she could about a lot of health care professions that she thought we would be interested in. I honestly had never heard of an OT and it just really caught my attention. I started researching it and really looking into it and I fell in love with the idea of it. She is an amazing teacher and helped a lot of us to make a decision about what path we really wanted to take and she wasn’t biased whatsoever.
7.
Project Runway influenced my career choice. I want to be a fashion designer and open my own business. Watching the project, I decided to design clothes and make them. Hopefully, my dream will come true.
30. Unit 5 Lesson 6. Ex. 1a, 2a, Rap Song
Back when you were young and you thought you could make it
With a stack of resumes higher than your mom's pancakes
The only thing stopping you from hitting skid row
Is that help wanted sign in that shopkeepers window
Son, you gotta stay hungry, gotta stay tough
It takes more to get your first job than luck
The shopkeeper says he'll accept your application
You got your first job interview invitation
Go on the Internet and stop all your stressing
Look up common interview questions
Then go and shine your shoes and go and cut your hair
Find something business caj to wear
Yeah! Yeah yeah yeah!
Do do do do do!
Question period:
Tell me 'bout yourself. And what's your biggest weakness?
Can you keep the secrets in our non-disclosure agreements?
Tell me 'bout a time when you had multiple priorities.
How did you please all those multiple authorities?
Where do you see yourself in 5 years?
What's your number one biggest fear?
Why do you want to work for this organization?
And what are your salary expectations?
Go on the Internet and stop all your stressing
Look up common interview questions
Then go and shine your shoes and go and cut your hair
Find something business caj to wear
Go on the Internet and stop all your stressing
Look up common interview questions
Then go and shine your shoes and go and cut your hair
Find something business caj to wear
You're gonna wanna get there fashionably early (fashionably early!)
You're gonna wanna make friends with the secretary (friends with the secretary!)
So go and shine your shoes and go and cut your hair
Find something business caj to wear
So go and shine your shoes and go and cut your hair
Find something business caj to wear
So go and shine your shoes and go and cut your hair
Find something business caj to wear
So go and shine your shoes and go and cut your hair
Find something business caj to wear
31. Unit 5 Lesson 6. Exercise 2b
Interviewer: Hi, I’m Nancy Peres. I’m the hiring manager.
Applicant: Nice to meet you Ms. Peres. I’m Giovanni Contadino.
I: Please have a seat.
A: Thank you. Oh, this is a copy of my resume and a list of references.
I: Thank you, I will take a look at these. I see you have applied for the cashier position.
A: Yes, that’s right; I can work in other positions in the store as well.
I: That’s good. Can you tell me about your previous work experience?
A: I worked as a clerk at ASDA for one year. Before that I worked in my country at my parents’ grocery store. I ordered merchandise, stocked shelves and served customers.
I: I see. Are you looking for a part-time or a full-time position?
A: I’m looking for a part-time job because I go to the Adult School to improve my English.
I: Customer service is a big part of this job. Do you have good communication skills?
A: Oh yes, I am friendly and I would like to help the customers.
I: Tell me more about your other skills.
A: I can use a cash register and I have basic computer skills.
I: Can you give me two good reasons why I should hire you?
A: Well, I am organized, dependable, and hard-working.
I: We have morning, afternoon, and evening shifts. Which shift are you interested in?
A: I go to school in the morning, and I have to pick up my children from school in the afternoon, so I prefer to work evenings or weekends.
I: Do you have any questions for me about the job?
A: Well, I’d like to know if there will be opportunities for promotion.
I: Yes, based on good performance reviews, there are always opportunities to move up.
We will be in contact with you as soon as we finish our interviews.
A: Thank you very much for your time. I look forward to hearing from you.
32. Unit 5 Lesson 7. Ex. 2b, 2c
I got my job almost by accident. My brother had just become a Boy Scout, and we needed to buy his uniform. While my parents shopped for him at the Boy Scout Supply Shop, I stood in the doorway. After a few minutes, the store manager came and asked me if I was interested in a job. At the time, my only income came from occasional babysitting, so I accepted, and was interviewed and hired on the spot.
From then on, every Thursday and Saturday, my mother drove me to the shop where I am a clerk. I ring up customers' purchases, put their items in bags, hand them their receipt, and send them on their way.
Even though I don't have as much free time anymore, I still love my job. The people I work with, including my boss, are kind, helpful, and fun to talk to; also, because most of them are adults, talking to them gives me a unique perspective on life in the "real world." I'm also finally earning my own money, which means I no longer have to borrow from my parents every time I want to buy something. I have a degree of independence that I haven't had before. Having a steady paycheck has taught me how to manage my money effectively, how much to save, and how much to spend, and just how much some of the things I take for granted actually cost. (I had no idea how expensive shoes could be until I bought my own pair.)
In addition, my job has given me better communication skills; it has taught me how to speak to people professionally, how to understand what customers are looking for just by talking to them, and even how to quiet a screaming toddler. Although my job cuts into my free time, I wouldn't trade it or the skills it's given me for anything.
33. Unit 5 Lesson 8. Listening
Justin: Victoria, who did you look up to growing up?
Victoria: Well, when I started to play tennis, my idol was Steffi Graf and you know I really enjoyed watching her playing on the court. She had so much determination and she was always so focused you know. I feel I have the same mentality when I’m on the court.
Justin: Did you ever imagine coming from such a small country that you would become one of the greatest tennis players in the world?
Victoria: I imagined that, yeah for sure. But you know when you’re a kid it seems so far away. When I was like 10 years old, I would think I was playing on those big stages and dream of getting into the top hundred. At that point it seemed like an incredible achievement. But when you start playing, you realize your goals, and your ambitions change and you want to be the number one player.
Justin: And you always believed you would be?
Victoria: Yeah, I believed in that.
Justin: Who is the toughest player for you who you played against?
Victoria: Right now is Serena, for sure. You know we had a lot of good matches together. She’s definitely one of the players who push me to improve and be better.
Justin: You lost your last match. What did you learn from that experience?
Victoria: Well, I learnt a lot. I feel like from losses you can always take more things out. It was a great match but after that there was a clear picture of something that you have to improve.
Justin: I know you have an excellent relationship with your coach Sam and he has a very big impact on you and your game. Why does this relationship go so well?
Victoria: I think because we have a full trust. I don’t think of him only as my coach. I think of him also as my friend. He’s a great listener and he helps me out with not only growing as a tennis player, but also as a person. He’s trying to guide me when I’m wrong and we always compromise. He listens to me, I listen to him, so I think communication is the key to a good relationship.
Justin: Are you competitive?
Victoria: Maybe yes, I love to compete in everything. When I’m on the court, I’m a fighter. I’m there to win, to show how serious I am.
Justin: At some point you considered giving up sport. How did you feel?
Victoria: Well, at that moment it seemed easy. To give up is the easiest thing I think to do. I just realized at that moment when you have to figure out what you’re gonna do, how much I really loved tennis. I got this feeling back really quickly and since then I’ve been in control of that.
Justin: Your grandmother has been an important part of your life. In what way?
Victoria: Every way. She’s the most incredible woman in the world. Her life was very hard, but she’s been the biggest optimist I’ve ever seen. She told me, “Your family will always love you no matter what and you have to just enjoy what you do.” And it’s so global. You have to enjoy what you do. If you enjoy it, you do it better.
UNIT 6
34. Unit 6 Lesson 1, ex.4b
(1) Spread of crime and violence to all places
(2) Starvation in many parts of the world
(3) Congestion of cities and highways
(4) Divisions between rich and poor in this country
(5) Overpopulation
(6) Racism
(7) Lack of jobs that pay decent wages
(8) Severe air pollution
(9) Severe water pollution
(10) Health problems caused by man-made chemicals
35. Unit 6 Lesson 2, ex. 2a
1.
Pollution is not a new phenomenon. Years ago active volcanoes were throwing lava that blackened the skies, and decaying marshes were polluting the Earth. But in the past, without numerous people contaminating land, water and air, nature had time to adapt and develop a self-cleansing atmosphere that helped plants and animals to survive and evolve.
2.
In ancient Rome streets were filled with sewage that emptied into the Tiber River, spreading waterborne diseases such as typhoid [ˈtaɪfɔɪd] and cholera [ˈkɒlərə].
During the Middle Ages, these diseases, as well as bubonic plague, carried by rats and spread by fleas, broke out all across Europe. These epidemics were directly related to unsanitary conditions caused by human and animal waste, and garbage. But it was only in the late 1850s, after an outbreak of cholera in London in 1854, when a sewerage system was built. It became a model for modern sanitation in the entire world.
3.
Improved sanitary conditions and less disease were important factors in making cities healthier places to live, but at the end of the 19th century industrialised cities across Europe and the United States were experiencing a new kind of pollution: waste from industries and factories, dumped mostly into rivers, lakes and seas. Water pollution continued in the 20th century. Dumping oil, chemicals [ˈkemɪk(ə)lz] and other industrial and human waste into rivers and lakes contaminated them and destroyed freshwater ecosystems around the world.
4.
Humans started to pollute the air when they first learned to use fire, but air pollution didn’t become a problem until the dawn of the Industrial Age when the greater use of fossil fuels began to pollute the air.
The burning of fossil fuels releases pollutants, including carbon monoxide [məˈnɒksaɪd], sulfur oxides [ˌsʌlfə ˈɒksaɪdz], particulates, ozone [ˈəʊzəʊn] and nitrogen oxides [ˌnaɪtrədʒ(ə)n ˈɒksaɪdz]. Polluted air, or smog, leads to health problems, causing pneumonia, bronchitis and worsening existing heart problems.
Air pollution became a more serious problem in the middle of the 20th century when a great number of cars appeared on the roads. Exhaust fumes, or emissions from cars release gases and dust particles that attack our lungs and nervous system. Pollutants such as sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides mix with the water vapour and fall as acid rain, which poisons forests, plants, water and fish.
One of the major gases in the polluted atmosphere, carbon dioxide, is partially absorbed by the oceans, making the ocean water acidic. It destroys corals, shellfish and many species of plankton. The change in water chemistry also impacts (affects) other organisms, which can radically change the entire ecosystem of the oceans.
5.
In 1985, scientists from the British Antarctic Survey discovered a hole in the ozone layer that protects the planet from the Sun’s ultraviolet [ˌʌltrəˈvaɪələt] radiation. Chemicals used in air conditioners, refrigerators and aerosol sprays called chlorofluorocarbons [ˌklɔːrəʊˌflʊərəʊˈkɑːbənz] (CFCs) had gradually depleted the ozone layer, creating a hole above Antarctica.
6.
Another recent problem is land (soil) pollution by synthetic herbicides and pesticides or insecticides [ɪnˈsektɪsaɪdz] like DDT, that swept the globe after World War II. DDT helped combat typhus and malaria, but because it was not biodegradable it accumulated in the environment, killing off bird populations and causing premature births.
7.
And last, but not least, fossil fuels are not easily accessible. Some of the greatest deposits exist under deep seas, in delicate Arctic habitats and underneath the rainforest. One of the most recent fossil fuels to be commercially exploited, tar sands, occurs within the forests and wetlands of North America. Extracting fossil fuels inevitably causes habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity [ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti].
36. Unit 6. Lesson 5 ex.2. Ostrowski’s Eco House
Reporter: The Ostrowskis are a family of designers who show people how green technologies can be integrated into buildings to make them more sustainable.
For 17 years they have lived in a self-built model green house that does not connect with the city water, sewer or natural gas lines. How is this possible? This Calgary Eco-home is described in numerous articles and textbooks. Since its completion in 1994 it has been visited by 70,000 people.
Helen: I am Helen Ostrowski and right here beside me is my husband Jorg Ostrowski. We are located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and we live in the house right here behind us. This is where we work and live a sustainable lifestyle.
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