The Biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: Estimates, Patterns, and Threats



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Ascidians (by Xavier Turon)

Table S25. Check-list of the Class Ascidiacea (Subphylum Uranochordata, Phylum Cordata)


S/C: solitary or colonial species. Distribution: M, Mediterranean (both basins); WM, western Mediterranean; EM, eastern Mediterranean; AM, Atlantic-Mediterranean (present in both Mediterranean basins); AWM, Atlantic and western Mediterranean; AEM, Atlantic and eastern Mediterranean; C, circumtropical or cosmopolitan; L, possible Lessepsian migrant, present at least in Red Sea and eastern Mediterranean. Species marked with asterisk are possible recent introductions in the Mediterranean.

Species

Authority

S/C

M

WM

EM

AM

AWM

AEM

C

L

O. Enterogona




























 

SO. Aplousobranchiata




























 

F. Clavelinidae




























 

Clavelina dellavallei

(Zirpolo 1925)

C

x



















 

Clavelina gemmae

Turon 2005

C




x
















 

Clavelina lepadiformis

(Müller 1776)

C










x










 

Clavelina phlegrea

Salfi 1927

C

x



















 

Clavelina sabbadini

Brunetti 1987

C

x



















 

Pycnoclavella aurilucens

Garstang 1891

C













x







 

Pycnoclavella brava

Pérez-Portela et al 2007

C




x
















 

Pycnoclavella communis

Pérez-Portela et al 2007

C













x







 

Pycnoclavella nana

(Lahille 1890)

C







x













 

Pycnoclavella neapolitana

(Julin 1904)

C




x
















 

Pycnoclavella taureanensis

Brunetti 1991

C




x
















 

F. Polycitoridae




























 

Archidistoma aggregatum

Garstang 1891

C



















x

 

Cystodytes dellechiajei

(Della Valle 1877)

C



















x

 

Cystodytes durus

Von Drasche 1883

C







x













 

Cystodytes philippinensis *

Herdman 1886

C



















x

 

Cystodytes tunisiensis

Méliane 2002

C







x













 

Eudistoma banyulensis

(Brément 1912)

C

x



















 

Eudistoma costai

(Della Valle 1877)

C

x



















 

Eudistoma magnum

Médioni 1968

C

x



















 

Eudistoma mucosum

(Von Drasche 1883)

C

x



















 

Eudistoma paesslerioides

(Michaelsen 1914)

C



















x

 

Eudistoma planum

Pérès 1948

C










x










 

Eudistoma plumbeum

(Della Valle 1877)

C

x



















 

Eudistoma posidoniarum

(Daumézon 1908)

C




x
















 

Eudistoma rubrum

(Savigny 1816)

C

x



















 

Eudistoma tridentatum

(Heiden 1894)

C

x



















 

Polycitor adriaticus

(Von Drasche 1883)

C










x










 

Polycitor crystallinus

(Renier 1804)

C










x










 

Rhombifera caerulea

Pérès 1956

C







x













 

F. Holozoidae




























 

Distaplia bermudensis *

Van Name 1902

C










x










 

Distaplia lubrica

Von Drasche 1883

C







x













 

Distaplia lucillae

Mastrototaro & Brunetti 2006

C







x













 

Distaplia magnilarva

(Della Valle 1881)

C










x










 

Distaplia rosea

Della Valle 1881

C










x










 

F. Didemnidae




























 

Didemnum amourouxi

Lafargue 1976

C

x



















 

Didemnum candidum

Savigny 1816

C



















x

 

Didemnum coccineum

(Von Drasche 1883)

C

x



















 

Didemnum commune

(Della Valle 1877)

C

x



















 

Didemnum coriaceum

(Von Drasche 1883)

C



















x

 

Didemnum drachi

Lafargue 1975

C










x










 

Didemnum fulgens

(Milne Edwards 1841)

C










x










 

Didemnum granulosum

(Von Drasche 1883)

C










x










 

Didemnum lahillei

(Hartmeyer 1909)

C










x










 

Didemnum maculosum

(Milne Edwards 1841)

C










x










 

Didemnum obscurum

F Monniot 1969

C













x







 

Didemnum perspicuum

Giard 1873

C













x







 

Didemnum peyrefittense

Brément 1913

C

x



















 

Didemnum protectum

(Daumézon 1908)

C













x







 

Didemnum pseudofulgens

Médioni 1970

C










x










 

Diplosoma carnosum

Von Drasche 1883

C

x



















 

Diplosoma listerianum

(Milne Edwards 1841)

C



















x

 

Diplosoma spongiforme

(Giard 1872)

C










x










 

Lissoclinum perforatum

(Giard 1872)

C










x










 

Lissoclinum weigelei

Lafargue 1968

C










x










 

Polysyncraton amethysteum

(Van Name 1902)

C
















x




 

Polysyncraton bilobatum

Lafargue 1968

C










x










 

Polysyncraton canetense

Brément 1913

C










x










 

Polysyncraton haranti

Lafargue 1975

C

x



















 

Polysyncraton lacazei

(Giard, 1872)

C










x










 

Trididemnum cereum

(Giard 1872)

C



















x

 

Tridemnum duci

Harant 1930

C




x
















 

Trididemnum fallax

Lahille 1887

C










x










 

Trididemnum graphicum

Lahille 1890

C










x










 

Trididemnum inarmatum

(Von Drasche 1883)

C










x










 

Trididemnum pedunculatum

Lafargue et al 1993

C




x
















 

Trididemnum savignyi

(Herdman 1886)

C



















x

 

F. Polyclinidae




























 

Aplidium aegeaensis

(Hartmeyer 1904)

C







x













 

Aplidium albicans

(Milne Edwards 1841)

C










x










 

Aplidium asperum

Von Drasche 1883

C










x










 

Aplidium blochmanni

(Heiden 1894)

C




x
















 

Aplidium brementi

(Harant 1925)

C

x



















 

Aplidum conicum

(Olivi 1792)

C










x










 

Aplidium densum

(Giard 1872)

C










x










 

Aplidium draschei

Brunetti 2007

C







x













 

Aplidium duboscqui

(Harant 1927)

C

x



















 

Aplidium elegans

(Giard 1872)

C










x










 

Aplidium fuscum

(Von Drasche 1883)

C

x



















 

Aplidium gelatinosum

Médioni 1970

C




x
















 

Aplidium gibbulosum

(Savigny 1816)

C




x
















 

Aplidium griseum

Lahille 1890

C

x



















 

Aplidium haouarianum

(Pérès 1956)

C

x



















 

Aplidium hyalinum

(Pérès 1956)

C

x



















 

Aplidium inversum

(Pèrès 1959)

C




x
















 

Aplidium lobatum *

Savigny 1816

C



















x

 

Aplidium mediterraneum

(Hartmeyer 1909)

C










x










 

Aplidium nema

F Monniot & C Monniot 1975

C







x













 

Aplidium nordmanni

(Milne Edwards 1841)

C










x










 

Aplidium ocellatum

C Monniot & F Monniot 1987

C




x
















 

Aplidium pallidum

(Verrill 1871)

C










x










 

Aplidium proliferum

(Milne Edwards 1841)

C



















x

 

Aplidium profundum

(Sluiter 1909)

C



















x

 

Aplidium pseudolobatum

(Pèrès 1956)

C










x










 

Aplidium punctum

(Giard, 1873)

C













x







 

Aplidium tabarquensis

Ramos 1988

C

x



















 

Aplidium turbinatum

(Savigny 1816)

C










x










 

Aplidiopsis vitreum

Lahille 1887

C

x



















 

Morchellium argus

(Milne Edwards 1841)

C













x







 

Morchellium polytrema

(C Monniot & F Monniot 1983)

C




x
















 

Polyclinella azemai

Harant 1930

C

x



















 

Polyclinum aurantium

Milne Edwards 1841

C










x










 

Sidneioides ivicense

Pérès 1957

C




x
















 

Synoicum blochmanni

(Heiden 1894)

C













x







 

Synoicum calypsonis

(Pérès 1956)

C







x













 

Synoicum duboscqui

(Harant 1927)

C










x










 

Synoicum lacazei

(Pérès 1957)

C




x
















 

Synoicum pulmonaria

(Ellis & Solander 1786)

C



















x

 

Synoicum vitreum

(Lahille 1890)

C




x
















 

F. Pseudodistomidae




























 

Pseudodistoma arnbacki

Pérès 1959

C




x
















 

Pseudodistoma crucigaster

Gaill 1972

C




x
















 

Pseudodistoma cyrnusense

Pérès 1952

C










x










 

Pseudodistoma obscurum

Pérès 1959

C










x










 

Pseudodistoma valeriae

Brunetti 2009

C







x













 

SO. Phlebobranchiata




























 

F. Cionidae




























 

Ciona edwardsi

(Roule 1884)

S













x







 

Ciona intestinalis

Linné 1767

S



















x

 

Ciona roulei

Lahille 1887

S

x



















 

Ciona savignyi

Herdman 1882

S



















x

 

Diazona violacea

Savigny 1816

C










x










 

Pseudodiazona abyssa

C Monniot & F Monniot 1974

C
















x




 

Rhopalaea hartmeyeri

(Salfi 1927)

S

x



















 

Rhopalaea neapolitana

Philippi 1843

S










x










 

Rhopalaea orientalis

Pérès 1958

S

x



















 

F. Corellidae




























 

Abyssascidia millari

F Monniot 1971

S













x







 

Corella parallelogramma

(Müller 1776)

S










x










 

Rhodosoma callense

(Lacaze-Duthiers 1865)

S

x



















 

Rhodosoma turcicum *

(Savigny 1816)

S






















x

Rhodosoma verecundum

Ehrenberg 1828

S



















x

 

Xenobranchion tenue

C Monniot & F Monniot 1975

S










x










 

F. Agneziidae




























 

Agnezia translucida

C Monniot 1965

S













x







 

F. Octacnemidae




























 

Dicopia antirrhinum

C Monniot 1972

S
















x




 

F. Perophoridae




























 

Ecteinascidia herdmanni

(Lahille 1887)

C













x







 

Ecteinascidia thurstoni *

(Herdman 1890)

C






















x

Ecteinascidia turbinata

Herdman 1881

C



















x

 

Ecteinascidia styeloides *

(Traustedt 1882)

C



















x

 

Perophora listeri

Wiegmann 1835

C










x










 

Perophora multiclathrata *

(Sluiter 1904)

C



















x

 

Perophora viridis

Verrill 1871

C



















x

 

F. Ascidiidae




























 

Ascidia cannelata *

Oken 1820

S






















x

Ascidia colleta

C Monniot & F Monniot 1970

S

x



















 

Ascidia conchilega

Müller 1842

S










x










 

Ascidia corelloides

Van Name

S













x







 

Ascidia correi

C Monniot 1970

S













x







 

Ascidia involuta

Heller 1875

S










x










 

Ascidia malaca

(Traustedt 1883)

S



















x

 

Ascidia mentula

Müller 1776

S










x










 

Ascidia muricata

Heller 1874

S










x










 

Ascidia salvatoris

(Traustedt 1883)

S

x



















 

Ascidia virginea

Müller 1776

S










x










 

Ascidiella aspersa

(Müller 1776)

S



















x

 

Ascidiella scabra

(Müller 1776)

S










x










 

Phallusia fumigata

(Grübe 1864)

S










x










 

Phallusia ingeria

Traustedt 1883

S










x










 

Phallusia mammillata

(Cuvier 1815)

S










x










 

Phallusia nigra *

Savigny 1816

S






















x

O. Pleurogona




























 

SO. Stolidobranchiata




























 

F. Styelidae




























 

Botrylloides anceps

(Herdman 1891)

S






















x 

Botrylloides israeliense

Brunetti 2009

S







x













 

Botrylloides leachi

(Savigny 1816)

C



















x

 

Botrylloides niger *

(Herdman 1886)

C



















x

 

Botrylloides violaceus *

Oka 1927

C



















x

 

Botryllus schlosseri

(Pallas 1776)

C



















x

 

Distomus hupferi

(Michaelsen 1904)

C










x










 

Distomus variolosus

Gaertner 1774

C










x










 

Eusynstyela hartmeyeri *

Michaelsen 1904

C






















x

Polyandrocarpa zorritensis *

(Van Name 1931)

C



















x

 

Polycarpa caudata

C Monniot & F Monniot 1974

S

x



















 

Polycarpa comata

(Alder 1863)

S













x







 

Polycarpa discoidea

Heller 1877

S










x










 

Polycarpa fibrosa

(Stimpson 1852)

S










x










 

Polycarpa gracilis

Heller 1877

S










x










 

Polycarpa itera

C Monniot & F Monniot 1977

S













x







 

Polycarpa kornogi

Glémarec & C Monniot 1966

S










x










 

Polycarpa mamillaris

(Gaertner 1774)

S













x







 

Polycarpa muelleri

Brunetti 2007

S










x










 

Polycarpa pentarhiza

F Monniot 1965

S




x
















 

Polycarpa pomaria

(Savigny 1816)

S










x










 

Polycarpa pusilla

Herdman 1884

S













x







 

Polycarpa tenera

Lacaze-Duthiers & Délage 1892

S













x







 

Polycarpa violacea

(Alder 1863)

S










x










 

Psammostyela delamarei

Weinstein 1961

S













x







 

Seriocarpa rhizoides

Diehl 1969

S













x







 

Stolonica socialis

Hartmeyer 1903

C













x







 

Styela adriatica

C Monniot & F Monniot 1975

S







x













 

Styela clava *

Herdman 1881

S



















x

 

Styela canopus

Savigny 1816

S



















x

 

Styela plicata

(Lesueur 1823)

S



















x

 

Symplegma brakenhielmi *

(Michaelsen 1904)

C






















x

Symplegma viride

Herdman 1886

C



















x

 

Tibitin probatus

C Monniot & F Monniot 1987

S




x
















 

F. Pyuridae




























 

Bolteniopsis prenanti

Harant 1927

S













x







 

Cratostigma campoyi

Ramos et al 1988

S




x
















 

Cratostigma gravellophila

(Pérès 1955)

S




x
















 

Cratostigma regularis

C Monniot 1963

S




x
















 

Cratostigma vestigialis

Turon 1988

S




x
















 

Halocynthia papillosa

Linné 1767

S










x










 

Herdmania momus *

(Savigny 1816)

S






















x

Heterostigma fagei

C Monniot & F Monniot 1961

S




x
















 

Heterostigma gonochorica

F Monniot 1965

S







x













 

Heterostigma melitensis

F Monniot & C Monniot 1975

S







x













 

Heterostigma reptans

C Monniot & F Monniot 1963

S













x







 

Heterostigma separ

Ärnbäck 1924

S













x







 

Microcosmus claudicans

(Savigny 1816)

S










x










 

Microcosmus exasperatus *

Heller 1878

S






















x

Microcosmus nudistigma

C Monniot 1962

S










x










 

Microcosmus polymorphus

Heller 1877

S










x










 

Microcosmus sabatieri

Roule 1885

S










x










 

Microcosmus savignyi

C Monniot 1962

S

x



















 

Microcosmus squamiger *

Michaelsen 1927

S



















x

 

Microcosmus vulgaris

Heller 1877

S










x










 

Pyura corallina

(Roule 1885)

S




x
















 

Pyura dura

(Heller 1877)

S










x










 

Pyura microcosmus

(Savigny 1816)

S










x










 

Pyura squamulosa

(Alder 1863)

S










x










 

Pyura tessellata

(Forbes 1848)

S










x










 

F. Molgulidae




























 

Eugyra adriatica

Von Drasche 1884

S







x













 

Eugyra arenosa

(Alder & Hancock 1848)

S










x










 

Molgula amesophleba

(Codreanu & Mack-Fira 1956)

S

x



















 

Molgula appendiculata

Heller 1877

S










x










 

Molgula bleizi

(Lacaze-Duthiers 1877)

S










x










 

Molgula euprocta

(Von Drasche 1884)

S

x



















 

Molgula helleri

Von Drasche 1883

S

x



















 

Molgula manhattensis

(De Kay 1841)

S










x










 

Molgula occidentalis

Traustedt 1883

S



















x

 

Molgula occulta

Kupffer 1875

S










x










 

Molgula oculata

Forbes 1848

S













x







 

Molgula pumila

F Monniot & C Monniot 1975

S







x













 

Molgula rheophila

(Pèrès 1956)

S

x



















 

Molgula roulei

C Monniot 1969

S










x










 

Molgula socialis

Alder 1863

S










x










 

Molgula tethys

C Monniot & F Monniot 1974

S













x







 

Molgula vara

C Monniot & F Monniot 1979

S

 

 

 

 

x

 

 

 

TOTAL

 

 

37

26

16

76

28

5

33

8

Sources (*):
(*): whenever a compilatory work was available for an author, it was used in preference to previous publications by that author
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