Wind energy is one of the fastest growing energy technologies. Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a form that is useful. Today, this normally means the conversion of the wind’s kinetic energy into mechanical energy with wind turbines. The mechanical energy is used to drive a generator, to create electricity. While this is the modern technology, in developing countries there ar still many windmills using a much older principles, the mechanical energy captured being used to carry out simple functions such as crushing grain or pumping water.
Wind power installations vary enormously in scale and type. Large wind farm installations linked to the electricity grid form one end of the spectrum. These may be located either onshore or offshore. At the other end of the spectrum are small individual turbines for providing electricity to individual premises or electricity using installations. These are often in rural and grid-isolated sites.
Figure 47: Renewables-Based Electricity Generating Capacity by Type (GW)
Figure 48: Share of the Alternative Renewable Energy Technologies
Figure 49: Europe’s Share of Renewable Electricity Generating Capacity
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