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facade
no cedilla
factoid
not a trivial fact, but a mistaken assumption repeated so often that it is believed to be true (a word coined by Norman Mailer)
FA Cup
the Cup (the cap C is hallowed by convention); all other cups lc at second mention
fahrenheit
68F etc, use in brackets after celsius figure
Fáilte Ireland
Ireland’s tourism authority
fairytale
falafel
fallout
far, farther, farthest
of distances, otherwise further, furthest
far east
but Middle East
farrago
a hotchpotch or jumbled mixture, not synonymous with fiasco (a humiliating failure)
Farsi
language spoken by the majority of Iranians (not Persian)
fascism, fascist
fashion weeks
lc, eg London fashion week
fatality
use death
father of two
etc, not father-of-two
fatwa
an edict, not necessarily a death sentence
Al Fayed, Mohamed
owner of Harrods (Mr Fayed after first mention); the son who died in Paris in 1997 was Dodi Fayed
faze
disconcert phase a stage
FBI
Federal Bureau of Investigation, no need to spell out
fedayeen
Arab fighters (the word means those who risk their lives for a cause); can be capped up when referring to a specific force, eg the Saddam Fedayeen militia which fought coalition forces in the 2003 Iraq war
Federal Reserve Board
first reference, the Fed thereafter
fed up with
not fed up of
feelgood factor
fellow
lc, eg a fellow of All Souls, fellow artist, fellow members, etc (and do not hyphenate)
ferris wheel
festivals
lc, eg Cannes film festival, Edinburgh Fringe festival
fete
no accent
fewer/less
fewer means smaller in number, eg fewer coins; less means smaller in quantity, eg less money
Ffestiniog
fiance
male fiancee female; but note divorcee is both male and female
Fianna Fáil
Irish political party
field marshal
figures
spell out from one to nine; integers from 10 to 999,999; thereafter 1m, 3.2bn (except for people and animals, eg 2 million viewers, 8 billion cattle)
film-maker
Filofax
TM; use personal organiser unless you are sure
finalise, finalised
avoid, use complete, completed or finish, finished
Financial Services Authority
FSA on second mention
financial years
2004-05, etc
Fine Gael
Irish political party
fine-tooth comb
Finnegans Wake
firebomb
firefighter
not fireman
firing line
the people who do the firing; if they are aiming at you, you are in the line of fire not “in the firing line”
firm
strictly a partnership without limited liability, such as solicitors or accountants, but may be used in place of company in headlines
first
second, third spell out up to ninth, then 10th, 21st, millionth
firstly, secondly
prefer first, second, etc
first aid
first-hand
first minister
(Scottish parliament, Welsh assembly, Northern Ireland assembly)
first name, forename
not Christian name
first world war
flak
not flack
flammable
means the same as inflammable; the negative is non-flammable
flaunt/flout
to flaunt is to make a display of something, as in flaunting wealth; to flout is to show disregard for something, as in flouting the seatbelt law
fledgling
not fledgeling
flounder/founder
to flounder is to perform a task badly, like someone stuck in mud; founder means fail: a business might be foundering because its bosses are floundering
flu
fluky
not flukey
flyer
not flier
fo'c'sle
abbreviation of forecastle
focus, focused, focusing
foetid
not fetid
foetus
not fetus
fogey
not fogy
following
prefer after, eg Mansfield Town went to pieces after their Cup exit
foot and mouth disease
forbear
abstain forebear ancestor
foreign names
The French (or French origin) le or de, the Italian di and the Dutch van are all lc when the name is full out: eg Graeme le Saux, Roberto di Matteo, Pierre van Hooijdonk; but Le Saux, Di Matteo, Van Hooijdonk when written without forenames
foreign placenames
Style for foreign placenames evolves with common usage. Leghorn has become Livorno, and maybe one day München will supplant Munich, but not yet. Remember that many names have become part of the English language: Geneva is the English name for the city Switzerland’s French speakers refer to as Genève and its German speakers call Genf.
Accordingly we opt for locally used names, with these main exceptions (the list is not exhaustive, apply common sense): Archangel, Basle, Berne, Brittany, Cologne, Dunkirk, Florence, Fribourg, Genoa, Gothenburg, Hanover, Kiev, Lombardy, Milan, Munich, Naples, Normandy, Nuremberg, Padua, Piedmont, Rome, Sardinia, Seville, Sicily, Syracuse, Turin, Tuscany, Venice, Zurich
And next time someone says we should call Burma “Myanmar” because that’s what it calls itself, point out that Colonel Gadafy renamed Libya “The Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriyya”
foreign words and phrases
Italicise, with roman translation in brackets, if it really is a foreign word or phrase and not an anglicised one, in which case it is roman with no accents (exception: exposé).
Use accents on French, German, Spanish, and Irish Gaelic words.
But remember Orwell: do not use a foreign word where a suitable English equivalent exists
forensic
belonging to the courts; does not mean scientific
forego
go before forgo go without
forever
continually: he is forever changing his mind for ever for always: I will love you for ever
former Soviet republics
These are:
Armenia adjective Armenian
Azerbaijan adjective Azerbaijani (though there are ethnic Azeris in, eg, Armenia)
Belarus adjective Belarussian
Estonia adjective Estonian (Estonia did not join the Commonwealth of Independent States)
Georgia adjective Georgian
Kazakhstan adjective Kazakh
Kyrgyzstan adjective Kyrgyz
Latvia adjective Latvian (not in the commonwealth)
Lithuania adjective Lithuanian (not in the commonwealth)
Moldova adjective Moldovan
Russia adjective Russian
Tajikistan adjective Tajik
Turkmenistan adjective Turkmen (its citizens are Turkmen, singular Turkman)
Ukraine adjective Ukrainian (not “the Ukraine”)
Uzbekistan adjective Uzbek
Formica
TM
formula
plural formulas, but formulae in scientific context
formula one
motor racing
fortuitous
by chance, accidental; not by good fortune, lucky
fosbury flop
Fourth of July
foxhunting
FRA
fellow of the Royal Academy FRS fellow of the Royal Society
fractions
two-thirds, three-quarters, etc, but two and a half
Frankenstein
the monster’s creator, not the monster
Frankenstein food
has already become a cliche to describe GM food: do not use
french fries, french kiss, french letter, french polish, french window
fresco
plural frescoes
Freud, Lucian
British artist, not Lucien
freudian slip
frontbench, frontline, frontrunner
FTSE 100
fuck
do not describe this as “a good, honest old-fashioned Anglo-Saxon word” because, first, there is no such thing as an Anglo-Saxon word (they spoke Old English) and, more important, its first recorded use dates from 1278
see swearwords
fuel
overused as a verb
fulfil, fulfilling, fulfilment
fulsome
means “cloying, excessive, disgusting by excess” (and is not, as some appear to believe, a clever word for full); so “fulsome praise” should not be used in a complimentary sense
fundraiser, fundraising
fungus
plural fungi
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