The Keyboard and Octave Registers Pitch

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  Musicians traditionally practice and memorize 3 minor-scale formations: natural minor scale, harmonic minor scale, and melodic minor scale
  
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  Natural minor scale is like a major scale with lowered 3^rd, 6^th, 7^th
  
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  Harmonic minor scale can be thought of as natural minor with a raised 7^th, or as major with lowered 3^rd and 6^th
  
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  Melodic minor scale (ascending) is like natural minor with a raised 6^th and 7^th
  
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  Melodic minor scale (descending) is the same as the natural minor scale
  

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  The scale degrees that differ from the major are circled
  
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  Arrows are used in connection with the melodic minor scale in order to distinguish the ascending 6^th and 7^th from the descending 6^th and 7^th
  
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  Scale degrees 1 through 5 are identical in all three forms of the minor scale
  
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  This pattern of w-h-w-w is known as the minor pentachord
  

Minor Key Signatures

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  Minor key signatures conform to the natural minor scale, no matter which minor scale type is actually in use
  
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  E.g. natural c minor scale requires three accidentals: Bb, Eb, Ab, which is the same requirement for Eb major scale. C minor and Eb major are said to be relatives because they share the same key signature
  
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  If a major scale and a minor scale share the same tonic (1^st scale degree, as do C major and c minor), they are said to be parallel keys
  

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  In the key of C Major
  
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    Tonic = C
    
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    Supertonic = D
    
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    Mediant = E
    
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    Subdominat = F
    
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    Dominant = G
    
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    Submediant = A
    
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    (Subtonic) = Bb
    
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    Leading tone = B
    

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  The origin of some of these names is illustrated in the below example:
  

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  Measurement of the distance in pitch between two notes
  
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  A harmonic interval results when the notes are performed at the same time
  
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  A melodic interval occurs when the notes are played successively
  
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  The method of measuring for both type of intervals are the same
  
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  Two parts to any interval name:
  
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    Numerical name: how far apart regardless of what accidentals are involved
    
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    Modifier: precedes the numerical name: e.g. major, minor, augmented, diminished
    
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  Use unison instead of 1
  
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