The Keyboard and Octave Registers Pitch

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Octave (8ve) instead of 8

2^nd instead of “two”

3^rd instead of “three”

Simple intervals: interval smaller than 8ve

Compound intervals

Interval of a 2^nd is notated with the top note offset, accidentals are offset in the same way

Perfect, Major, Minor Intervals

Use the term perfect (abbreviated P) for 4ths, 5ths, 8ves, and their compounds (11ths, and so on)
The modifiers major and minor (abbreviated as M and m) are used only in connections with 2nds, 3rds, 6ths and 7ths
Minor is a half step smaller than major without altering its numerical name

Inversion of Intervals

Invert an interval by putting the bottom pitch above the top one or the reverse
The modifier changes when an interval is inverted with the exception of perfect intervals

Consonant and Dissonant Harmonic Intervals

The terms consonant and dissonant can be defined roughly as meaning pleasing to the ear and not pleasing to the ear, respectively, but these are very dependent on context
For NOW: major and minor 3^rd, 6^th and perfect 5^thsand 8ves are consonant
All other harmonic intervals, augmented and diminished are dissonant
P4 is an exception, which is considered DISSONANT in tonal music only when it occurs above the lowest voice (also called the bass, in both vocal and instrumental music)

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