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- TEACHER’S NOTE
- ASSESSMENT STRATEGY
- Crispus Attucks
- Boston Massacre
SUGGESTED TIME: 1-2 class periods DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES: TEACHER’S NOTE: This lesson directly supports the 2018 Black History Month theme, “African Americans in Times of War.” Explain that in this lesson, students will learn about the distinguished military service African Americans have made to the United States in times of both war and peace. Begin by showing students images of African Americans in the military (provided). Review the differences between primary and secondary sources (See the earlier lesson entitled, “Analyzing Primary Source Documents” for definitions and examples of both types of sources.) Further explain that African American men and women have contributed to the security of the United States by serving bravely in the U.S. military, both in times of war and peace, from the American Revolution to today. Also note that despite their long and distinguished history of service to the nation, African Americans have also been subjected to prejudice and discrimination while in service to their country. TEACHER’S NOTE: In 1948, President Truman issued Executive Order 9981 stating that "there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed forces without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin." The order also established an advisory committee to examine the rules, practices, and procedures of the armed services and recommend ways to make desegregation a reality. There was considerable resistance to the executive order from the military, but by the end of the Korean conflict, almost all the military was integrated. Since the 1970s, the U.S. military has made a serious effort at racial integration, and while much remains to be done, the military has achieved a degree of success in this area that surpasses many civilian institutions. Distribute copies of the reading entitled, “African Americans Serve Our Nation in Times of War” (provided) and the “Questions - African Americans Serve Our Nation in Times of War” (provided). Have students read and answer the questions. Review the answers and utilize the appropriate images (provided) to reinforce the importance of the contributions of the 54thMassachusetts Regiment, Buffalo Soldiers, Tuskegee Airman, the men of the Red Ball Express, and African American service men and women during the Viet Nam War. ASSESSMENT STRATEGY: Completion of the reading and questions. MATERIALS/AIDS NEEDED: Images of African Americans in the U.S. military (provided); reading “African Americans Serve Our Nation in Times of War” (provided); and, “Questions - African Americans Serve Our Nation in Times of War” (provided). Crispus Attucks was one of four American colonists killed in the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770. Attucks was the first person killed during what later became the American Revolution. 
Source: https://www.landofthebrave.info/images/crispus-attucks-boston-massacre.jpg William L. Champney’s produced this painting of the Boston Massacre which happened on March 5, 1770. Crispis Attucks is in the center. 
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