2-12. Doctrine roles of other Army organizations.
a. Chief of Staff, Army is the approval authority for ADP 1, ADP 3-0, ADP 6-22, and ADP 7-0.
b. Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army, as the proponent of the Army Publishing Program, provides publication guidance through AR 25-30 and DA Pam 25-40, approves exceptions to DA policy, and authenticates doctrine publications for the Army.
c. Director, APD indexes, publishes, distributes, and posts doctrine publications on the official Doctrine and Training Web site (https://armypubs.us.army.mil/) and exercises oversight of the standard generalized markup language program used to produce electronic files.
d. Deputy Chief of Staff, Army G-3 (Operations) or appropriate G staff—
(1) Establishes policies and procedures in support of force modernization processes (including the Army doctrine process).
(2) Assigns the PRA, when DA is the lead agent for joint publications.
(3) Reviews selected doctrine publications, as requested by TRADOC.
(4) Provides consolidated Army position on draft joint and multinational doctrine publications to the Joint Staff, J-7 (Joint Staff Directorate for Joint Force Development).
e. For additional information on roles and responsibilities of these organizations, refer to AR 25 30.
Chapter 3
3-1. Overview.
Army operations are doctrine based. Army doctrine standardizes fundamental principles, tactics, techniques, procedures, and terms and symbols throughout the Army. Army doctrine forms the basis for training. It is a systematic body of thought describing how Army forces intend to operate as a member of the joint force in the present and near term, with current force structure and materiel. It applies to all operations, describing how (not what) to think about operations and what to train. It provides an authoritative guide for leaders and Soldiers, while allowing freedom to adapt to circumstances. For the most part, doctrine is descriptive rather than prescriptive. Army doctrine is consistent with joint doctrine whenever possible, but the nature of land operations sometimes requires differences between the two. To develop effective doctrine, doctrine developers must understand the definitions of—and distinctions among—doctrine terms, doctrine characteristics, and where doctrine fits among other sources of information for the conduct of operations, both present and future.
3-2. Concepts.
A concept is a notion or statement of an idea—an expression of how something might be done (CJCSI 3010.02). A military concept is the description of methods (ways) for employing specific military attributes and capabilities (means) in the achievement of stated objectives (ends). Concepts are not doctrine. After a concept is validated, it may become a basis for doctrine and force planning. TRADOC Regulation 71-20 governs TRADOC concepts.
3-3. Army doctrine.
Army doctrine is composed of fundamental principles, tactics, techniques, procedures, and terms and symbols.
a. Fundamental principles provide the foundation upon which Army forces guide their actions. They foster the initiative needed for leaders to become adaptive, creative problem solvers. These principles reflect the Army’s collective wisdom regarding past, present, and future operations. They provide a basis for the Army to incorporate new ideas, technologies, and organizational designs. They provide the philosophical underpinning for adaptive, creative military problem solving. Principles apply at all levels of war. Fundamental principles are found in ADPs and ADRPs.
b. Tactics is the employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other (JP 1-02). It includes the ordered arrangement and maneuver of units in relation to each other, the terrain, and the enemy in order to translate potential combat power into victorious battles and engagements. Effective tactics translate combat power into decisive results. Tactics vary with terrain and other circumstances; they change frequently as the enemy reacts and friendly forces explore new approaches. Applying tactics usually entails acting under time constraints with incomplete information. Tactics always require judgment in application; they are always descriptive, not prescriptive. In a general sense, tactics concern the application of the tasks associated with offensive, defensive, stability, or defense support of civil authorities operations. Employing a tactic may require using and integrating several techniques and procedures. Tactics are contained in FMs.
c. Techniques are non-prescriptive ways or methods used to perform missions, functions, or tasks. They are contained in ATPs.
d. Procedures are standard, detailed steps that prescribe how to perform specific tasks
(JP 1-02). They also include formats for orders and reports, and control measures. They are prescriptive. Procedures consist of a series of steps in a set order, and are executed the same way, at all times, regardless of circumstances, formats for reports, and specific control measures. Procedures require stringent adherence to steps without variance. An example is static-line parachute procedures. Parachutists follow specific steps in order when exiting an aircraft with a static-line parachute. Procedures are contained in the appendixes of FMs.
e. Terms and symbols are the specific language and graphics used to issue orders and control operations. They provide a common language used to communicate during the conduct of operations. Establishing and using terms and symbols with common military meaning enhances communication among military professionals in all environments and makes a common understanding of doctrine possible. Terms and symbols are prescriptive. They must be used as defined in ADRP 1-02. Appendix B establishes policy and procedures for using terms, definitions, and symbols in doctrine publications for the Army. Terms are words defined in doctrine publications specifically for Army use and codified in ADRP 1-02 and JP 1-02. Symbols are those graphics defined specifically for military use and are codified in ADRP 1-02.
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