The U. S. Must be first with the space elevator in order to maintain superiority in space Kent 07
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SolvencyCan be ready in 12 years and cost only 10 billion Ohlson 8 - won the American Society of Journalists and Authors' Best Nonfiction Book Award in 2004, wrote a bestseller, and has writen for Discover, new scientisst, the new york times, oprah, and many others Issue of cosmos (Kristin “Orbital express: here comes the space elevator“ June 2008http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/features/print/2435/orbital-express?Page=0%2C0)#SPS Now, hundreds of scientists around the world – from established researchers to students in graduate school – devote at least some of their time to working on the major components of Edwards' plan. They hope when construction begins and have their fingers crossed that by then all the technical, financial, political, regulatory, legal and other issues should be worked out. If all goes as smoothly as they envision, the first of many space elevators will be completed in 12 years at a cost of around US$10 billion. Most people without a science or technology background are startled by the idea. They can't imagine what a space elevator would look like or why anyone would want to build one. Don't we already have rockets? How can there be an elevator to space when most of it is empty? Unless the plan is to attach this thing to the Moon, what will hold it in space? Here's the concept, from the bottom up: Edwards' plan is to build the space elevator over a floating platform, similar to an oil-drilling rig, in the ocean about 4,000 km south of California. Specifically, the platform would be located in the belt of warm air and low surface winds along the equator known as the doldrums. The lack of wind there makes sailors fret, but the relative calm would cause the least meteorological distress to the space elevator once it is in operation. From the platform, a flat, narrow tether would extend 100,000 km into space, where it would connect with a counterweight weighing approximately 600 tonnes (more than twice the current weight of the International Space Station). Earth's rotation would swing the tether and counterweight through space, and the tension in the tether would provide the centripetal force to keep the counterweight moving in a circle. The elevator would always extend in a straight line over the same point near the equator. The elevator car, or 'climber', would hang below a mechanism that grips the tether between rollers. Powered by a laser beam on Earth, the car would move up and down at a speed of about 190 km/h. In one artist's renditions, the elevator car looks like a large, slightly flattened yellow bus. The first space elevator would carry 20 tonnes of cargo; it's envisaged that larger models would eventually be able to carry 200 tonnes and move faster, so that people could travel more comfortably. Technology works, just a matter of funding Olson ’08 “Interview of Brad Edwards-Space expert by Sander Olson” Sander Olson 12/1/2009 http://nextbigfuture.com/2009/12/interview-of-brad-edwards-space.html) Question: Given proper funding, when is the earliest that you could see the space elevator becoming operational? Answer: Given sufficient funding, I am confident that the space elevator could be up and running within 15 years. There are no insurmountable technical issues to the concept. The show stoppers at this point are funding and support. This is unfortunate given that the space elevator has the potential to reduce the cost of getting to orbit to perhaps $20 per pound, including human passengers. The space elevator, more than any other project or concept, has the capacity to quickly open up the field of space and create a massive space-based industry. Space elevators fail unless tethered to oceanic stations. Kent 07 - Major, USAF, PE (Jason, Center for Strategy and Technology, Air War College. “Getting To Space On A Thread, Space Elevator As Alternative Space Access” April 2007 Dr. Edwards has completed exhaustive comparisons of possible ground sites around the globe. His study takes into account latitude (distance from the equator), freedom of movement, lightening, storms, shipping lanes and flight routes, military protection, safety and recovery zones, international airport locations, service and staffing, and environmental issues. 67 A tether hanging down from space would not necessarily have to terminate its grounded end exactly on the equator. Edwards argues that by moving the tether away from the equator, many locations open up and the elevator will be out of the way of many LEO satellites that regularly cross the equator, helping to lessen the chance of collision. 68 Since there will be some need to move the tether around to avoid orbital collisions, a floating liftport is envisioned. Large oceangoing structures are routinely used for a variety of purposes around the world and probably pose the least risk for any space elevator plans. Moving the tether around means you need a lot of open ocean to work with. 69 Examination of historical lightening and storm data on the earth’s surface rules out many areas of interest for placement of the liftport. Taking into account shipping lanes and flight routes, relatively close location to military protection, good airport, and personnel for staffing needs along with enough open ocean to allow for safety and recovery zones should something fall from the elevator at lower attitudes leaves two basic areas for location of the ground station. These are in the Pacific Ocean west of South America and in the Indian Ocean west of Australia. 70 **T**Plan involves development of the Earth’s oceans that’s Kent ‘07(Space Elevators fail unless tethered to oceanic stations) Substantial means important Collins English Dictionary 98 (General Consultant: JM Sinclair, HarperCollins, pg 1568) [Tanay] Substantial: 1)of a considerable size of value 2)worthwhile, important 3)having wealth or importance Substantial means by a large amount NRC 3 (Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards Policy and Procedures, April 2003,) http://www.fontana.org/main/dev_serv/planning/ventana_eir/appendix_e.pdf “Substantial increase” means “important or significant in a large amount, extent, or degree,” and not resulting in insignificant or small benefit to the public health and safety, common defense and security, or the environment, regardless of costs. However, this standard is not intended to be interpreted in a way that would result in disapproval of worthwhile safety or security improvements with justifiable costs.2 Increase=monetary Increase is monetary modification Words and Phrases 08 “Increase.” Def. Minn. App. 2004. Words and Phrases Dictionary. Volume 28B. 2008 A durational modification of child support is as much an “increase” as a monetary modification, and the needs of subsequent children must be considered when determining the indefinite extension of the support obligation pursuant to statute providing that, when a party moves to “increase” child support, the circumstances change and the adjudicator is obligated to consider the needs of after-born children. M.S.A. Also I'd argue you should prefer oceans as a collective (or the interp that there is only one ocean) because it allows substantive debate instead of risking debates on whether or not the plan crosses ocean boundaries or not and etc NOS 1/23/14 (National Ocean Service, Ocean Facts: There is Only One Global Ocean, http://oceanservice....anyoceans.html) While there is only one global ocean, the vast body of water that covers 71 percent of the Earth is geographically divided into distinct named regions. The boundaries between these regions have evolved over time for a variety of historical, cultural, geographical, and scientific reasons.¶ Historically, there are four named oceans: the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic. However, most countries—including the United States—now recognize the Southern (Antarctic) as the fifth ocean. The Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian are known as the three major oceans.¶ The Southern Ocean is the 'newest' named ocean. It is recognized by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names as the body of water extending from the coast of Antarctica to the line of latitude at 60 degrees South. The boundaries of this ocean were proposed tothe International Hydrographic Organization in 2000. However, not all countries agree on the proposed boundaries, so this has yet to be ratified by members of the IHO. The U.S. is a member of the IHO, represented by the NOS Office of Coast Survey.¶
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