The united republic of tanzania agricultural sector development program
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- 1.2 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
- 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED PROGRAM
1. BACKGROUND1.1 INTRODUCTIONThe Government of Tanzania with financial assistance from the World Bank, International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and other bilateral donors is planning to implement an Agricultural Services Support Programme (ASSP), which is part of the overall Agricultural Sector Development Programme (ASDP). The main objective of ASSP is for all farmers (including the rural poor and women) to have better access to, and use of, relevant agricultural knowledge and technologies, which, through sustained partnerships with service providers, contribute to higher productivity and profitability. The ASSP development objective would be achieved through a set of complementary interventions aimed at: (i) improving clients’ capacity to more clearly articulate demand for agricultural services, and build partnerships with service providers; (ii) reforming and improving capacity of both public and private ASPs to respond to demand and provide appropriate technologies; and (iii) providing mechanisms to ensure coordination and quality control. The ASSP would support, in an integrated manner, a wide range of agricultural services including client empowerment, research, extension, two-way flows of information and communication, and - in line with a reform process to be elaborated in the first year of the programme - other services including training and technical services. The programme would not include direct support for agricultural finance, input supply and marketing services and facilities, which are handled under separate but complementary ASDP interventions1. To achieve this, the programme is proposing a significant change in approach to agricultural services (business unusual) provision. For example, the programme would ensure that service provision has greater relevance to the needs of farmers through empowerment measures including improved knowledge, organization and control over resources. It would also improve the efficiency of resource use by mobilizing both public and private sources of funding and delivery, and by reducing transaction costs through, for example, concentrating on assisting empowered groups rather than individuals. Finally, the programme would increase effectiveness and accountability in the delivery and use of relevant technology by supporting closer linkages and service agreements between producer needs, technology generation and use, markets and financing.
The following approach and methods were used to gather information from relevant stakeholders: Participatory approach The preparation of the IPM guidelines used a participatory process aimed at facilitating a broad based dialogue and transparency in identification of key pesticides problems and management issues. Moreover, the extensive consultations with farmers, district staff, communities, lead IPM researchers and practitioners, crop specialists, etc. in Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar helped to solicit relevant information on pest management. Review of literature and checklists of documentation Draft documents of ASSP programme and Aide Mémoire of Pre-Appraisal Mission May 24-June 4, 2004 Policy and legal documents used in Tanzania pesticide industry, namely Plant Protection Act 1997, Pesticide Regulations 2002, Agriculture Policy 1997, National Environmental Policy 1996 and the Environmental Management Act 2004 (draft). In Zanzibar the following documents were consulted: Agriculture Policy of 2002, Environmental Management for Sustainable Development Act of 1996 and Plant protection Act of 1997. World Bank Safeguard Policies in particular OP 4.09 Questionnaires and checklists for guiding consultative meetings with following stakeholders: ASSP preparation team The ASDP Secretariat Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, namely Department of Research and Development, Departments of Crop Production, Plant Health Services, Agricultural Extension Services, Participatory Agriculture Empowerment Project (PADEP), Smallholder Irrigation Improvement Component (SIIC), etc. Ministry of Water and Livestock Development, namely Veterinary services Zonal Research and Development Institutes, namely Lake Zone, Northern Zone, Eastern Zone, Western Zone, Southern Highland Zone Ministry of Agriculture, Environment, Natural Resources and Cooperatives, Zanzibar and Zanzibar Agriculture Research Institute in Kizimbani Tanzania Pesticides Research Institute Sokoine University of Agriculture, namely Pest Management Research Centre Division of Environment, Vice-President Office National Environmental Management Council District Councils Farmers representatives NGOs
IPM, bird control and armyworm projects Questionnaires and checklists for guiding consultative meetings with following stakeholders: Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, namely Department of Research and Development, Departments of Crop Production, Plant Health Services, Agricultural Extension Services, Participatory Agriculture Empowerment Project (PADEP), Smallholder Irrigation Improvement Component (SIIC), etc. Ministry of Water and Livestock Development, namely Veterinary services Zonal Research and Development Institutes, namely Lake Zone, Northern Zone, Eastern Zone, Western Zone, Southern Highland Zone Ministry of Agriculture, Environment, Natural Resources and Cooperatives, Zanzibar and Zanzibar Agriculture Research Institute in Kizimbani Tanzania Pesticides Research Institute Sokoine University of Agriculture, namely Pest Management Research Centre Division of Environment, Vice-President Office National Environmental Management Council District Councils Farmers representatives List of persons met is depicted in Annex 1. All data gathered through questionnaires was analysed using either the SPSS or manual but only summary information is presented in this document. 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED PROGRAM2.1 TANZANIA MAILLANDSector Related Goal: The Programme would contribute to the ASDP objective of greater and sustained agricultural productivity, profitability and farm incomes that would be commensurate with achieving an increase in agricultural growth to at least a sustained five percent per year by 2007 (consistent with the PRS and ASDS targets). The contribution of the Programme to this ASDP objective would be through the greater relevance and responsiveness of agricultural advice and technology development, and the adoption by large numbers of farmers of more productive, economically rewarding and environmentally sustainable practices. Development Objectives. The Programme objective is for all farmers, including the rural poor and women, to have better access to, and use of, relevant agricultural knowledge and technologies, which, through sustained partnerships with service providers, contribute to higher productivity and profitability. In order to ensure maximum impact on poverty alleviation, the Programme would focus on small-scale farmers. Specific mechanisms would be established to allow the resource poor and women farmers to participate and access resources available under the Programme. In addition, the Programme would facilitate partnerships between small-scale farmer groups and medium- and large-scale farmers where appropriate. The Programme development objective would be achieved through a set of complementary interventions aimed at: (i) improving the capacity of farmer clients to more clearly articulate demand for agricultural services, and build partnerships with service providers; (ii) reforming and improving capacity of both public and private ASPs to respond to demand and provide appropriate advice, services and technologies; and (iii) providing mechanisms to ensure coordination and quality control. The overall Programme would support, in an integrated manner, a wide range of agricultural services including client empowerment, research, extension, two-way flows of information and communication, and - in line with a reform process to be completed in the first year of the Programme - other services including training and technical services. The Programme would not include direct support for agricultural finance, input supply and marketing services and facilities, which are handled under separate but complementary ASDP interventions2. The Programme would have a 15 year horizon, with the first half, divided in two phases of three and four years, respectively, and comprise three major components and nine sub-components: Component 1 - Farmer Empowerment: from grass-roots farmer groups to national rural producer organizations, this Component would be mainly concerned with strengthening demand for agricultural services through knowledge, organisational and financial empowerment, and Participatory Technology Development (PTD), leading to partnerships with ASPs and improved bargaining power. This Component would have two sub-components: (i) Knowledge and Organization; and (ii) Institutional and Financial Empowerment. Component 2 - Provision of Agricultural Services: through actions at local (village, ward, district), zonal and national level, this Component would complement the on-going Government efforts to implement institutional reform for public agricultural services; provide training and resources for public sector re-orientation and performance improvement; build capacity and support greater involvement of private and NGO ASPs, in particular extension, research, training and technical services; and facilitate and oversee effective and efficient provision of services responsive to farmers group and fora demands. This Component would have four sub-components: (i) Institutional Reform; (ii) Public Sector Reorientation and Capacity Building; (iii) Private Service Provider Support; and (iv) Provision of Services. Component 3 - Programme Management: would ensure that the planning, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of the Programme are conducted in an integrated and sound manner, and that high standards of service provision and contract fulfilment in terms of technical, financial, legal and other aspects are maintained. This Component would have three sub-components: (i) Management and Coordination; (ii) Quality Control of Services; and (iii) Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation. The Programme would provide a national level of coverage in order to sustain agricultural services across the whole country. By the end of the second phase (seven years), the Programme would have assisted the 120 districts and municipalities in adapting and implementing extension reforms. By that time, the Programme would also support services in the 120 districts and municipalities. Over these seven years, the Programme would finance empowerment (as per Component 1) in 42 districts (see Section 3.5). Programme Component outline
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