The united republic of tanzania agricultural sector development program

(b) Post-harvesting. Do storage facilities attract pests, or make the storage a better place for the pests to live?

(b) Collect examples of pest damage and waste.

(c) Have an entomologist identify the pest.

(d) Learn the pest's preferred diet, life cycle and habitat.

(e) Record the location and date pests were found to determine what areas of the collection are infested.

3. Planning Integrated Pest Management
Match the pest control treatment to the particular pest: to where it lives and what it eats, to the crop..

(a) Mechanical and physical control. These constitute the physical collection and subsequent destruction of pests.

(b) Cultural control. These constitute sanitation and farm hygiene, selection of planting sites and selection of planting dates (avoids pest attack) and intercropping/strip cropping/ crop rotation, trapping/pseudostem and mulching/solarization (suppress pest population)

(c) Use of pest resistant plants. This is genetically inherited ability of plant species to withstand or tolerate pests or diseases. Have you used pest resistant plants?

(d) Biological control. These use natural occurring organisms to regulate pest population to acceptable levels. Will another organism solve the problem or combines with other control measures?

(e) Chemical control. This is the use of pesticides to control pests. Try to avoid use of pesticides or try local treatment, specific to the habits of the pest.

(b) Record what you have done, the date it was done, and where it was done.

(c) Investigate any IPM method you plan to use: or pesticides use is it legal and the least invasive or least toxic method available?

(d) Apply biological pest control methods properly.

(e) Know what dosage (concentration) to use and in what form of botanic pesticides.

(f) Know how long a treatment lasts at the temperature and relative humidity of your climate

(g) Be certain that a pesticide will not affect vegetation or groundwater. Know how safe it is for humans.

5. Evaluate the Results
(a) Monitor with sticky traps, baits, pheromone traps, or black light traps; document numbers, location, and date. Check traps on a regular basis (every week or every month).

(b) Survey a sample of the susceptible collection. For example, look in a different part of your farm every month to inspect different pests.

Types of toxicity include:

(1) Acute poisoning is measured as LD50, meaning the lethal dosage for 50 percent of the animals tested. Sometimes it is measured as LC50 meaning the lethal dosage in the air for 50 percent of the animals tested. The lower the LD50 or the LC50, the more poisonous the pesticide.

(2) Chronic poisoning affects an animal or human over a long period of time after small, repeated doses. There is no widely recognized measure of chronic toxicity.

Poisons enter the body in three, measurable, ways:

(1) Dermal toxicity refers to poison absorbed through the skin. Some areas of the body are more susceptible than others.

(2) Oral toxicity refers to poison that is ingested. Pesticides on hands can be ingested while eating, drinking or smoking.

(3) Inhalation refers to poisons breathed through your nose. Breathing the vapor of the pesticide can cause harm.

A pesticide is a chemical or other agent that will destroy a pest or protect something from a pest. There are two types:

(1) A residual pesticide destroys pests and keeps them from causing damage for long periods of time after it is applied.