The United States federal government should cease its surveillance of foreign diplomats in the United States and at United States embassies
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***france relsuniquenessUS-French relations on the brink – now is keyHinnant and Charlton 6/25 (Lori and Angela. Associated Press. “France summons U.S. ambassador after reports U.S. spied on presidents”. KSL. 25 June 2015. http://www.ksl.com/?nid=157&sid=35214540)//JuneC// PARIS * Embarrassed by leaked conversations of three successive French presidents and angered by new evidence of uninhibited American spying, France demanded answers Wednesday from the Obama administration and called for an intelligence "code of conduct" between allies. France's foreign minister summoned the U.S. ambassador to respond to the WikiLeaks revelations, as French eyes fixed on the top floor of the U.S. Embassy after reports that a nest of NSA surveillance equipment was concealed behind elaborately painted windows there, just down the block from the presidential Elysee Palace. "Commitments were made by our American allies. They must be firmly recalled and strictly respected," Prime Minister Manuel Valls said. "Being loyal doesn't mean falling into line." President Barack Obama told French President Francois Hollande in a phone conversation Wednesday that the U.S. wasn't targeting his communications. The White House said Obama told Hollande that the U.S. was abiding by a commitment Obama made in 2013 not to spy on the French leader after Edward Snowden disclosed the extent of NSA surveillance powers. The White House said Obama also pledged to continue close co-operation with France on matters of intelligence and security. If not a surprise, the latest revelations put both countries in something of a quandary. France's counter-espionage capabilities were called into question at the highest level. The United States, meanwhile, was shown not only to be eavesdropping on private conversations of its closest allies but also to be unable to keep its own secrets. "The rule in espionage - even between allies - is that everything is allowed, as long as it's not discovered," Arnaud Danjean, a former analyst for France's spy agency and currently a lawmaker in the European Parliament, told France-Info radio. "The Americans have been caught with their hand in the jam jar a little too often, and this discredits them." The French aren't denying the need for good intelligence - they have long relied on U.S. intel co-operation to fight terrorism for example, and are trying to beef up their own capabilities, too. The release of the spying revelations appeared to be timed to coincide with a final vote Wednesday in the French Parliament on a bill allowing broad new surveillance powers, in particular to counter threats of French extremists linked to foreign jihad. Hollande, calling the U.S. spying an "unacceptable" security breach, convened two emergency meetings as a result of the disclosures about the NSA's spying. The documents appear to capture top French officials in Paris between 2006 and 2012 talking candidly about Greece's economy, relations with Germany, and American spying on allies. The top floor of the U.S. Embassy, visible from France's Elysee Palace, reportedly was filled with spying equipment hidden behind tromp l'oeil windows, according to the Liberation newspaper, which partnered with WikiLeaks and the website Mediapart on the documents. U.S. Ambassador Jane Hartley was summoned to the French Foreign Ministry, where she promised to provide quick responses to French concerns, Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius said. He said he understood eavesdropping for counterterrorist reasons, "but this has nothing to do with that." Hollande was sending his top intelligence co-ordinator to the U.S. to ensure that promises made after earlier NSA spying revelations in 2013 and 2014 have been kept. Valls said the U.S. must do everything it can, and quickly, to "repair the damage" to U.S.-French relations from the revelations. "If the fact of the revelations today does not constitute a real surprise for anyone, that in no way lessens the emotion and the anger. They are legitimate. France will not tolerate any action threatening its security and fundamental interests," he said. Government spokesman Stephane Le Foll told reporters, "France does not listen in on its allies." He added, "we reminded all (government) ministers to be vigilant in their conversations." Two of the cables - dealing with then-President Nicolas Sarkozy and Jacques Chirac, his predecessor - were marked "USA, AUS, CAN, GBR, NZL" suggesting that the material was meant to be shared with Britain, Canada and other members of the so-called Five Eyes intelligence alliance. The disclosures, which emerged late Tuesday, mean that France has joined Germany on the list of U.S. allies targeted by the NSA. !@COPYRIGHT=© 2015 Telegraph-Journal (New Brunswick) uniqueness – at: IMS re-accessionThat’s a good first step – but it’s historical legacies ensure it’s insufficientGrossman 10 – senior research fellow and lecturer at Sciences Po and the Centre d’etudes europeennes. Research focuses on interest groups, financial regulation, and political institutions (Emiliano Grossman, Jun 2010, “Introduction: US-France Relations in the Age of Sarkozy,” European Political Science: EPS9.2 (Jun 2010): 149-154., ProQuest)//twemchen The contributions to this symposium adopt a variety of views on the recent evolution of relations between the US and France. Most contributions share a common interest in the historical formation of defence and foreign policy. Keiger, Cogan or Howorth consider that at least part of the current relations can be explained through 'deep historical forces' (Howorth). Cogan underlines the historical rivalry and 'intellectual competition' between France and the US that has led to an ambiguous relationship. The reintegration of the military structure of NATO will not solve all problems; it is at best a first step. Howorth refers to events in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to elucidate Franco-US relations. Keiger focuses on the early twentieth century and the interwar period to explain the ambiguity of France towards the 'Anglosaxons'. The argument is that the legacy inherited from this period has made more difficult the adaptation of French foreign policy to 'the realities of today'. 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