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Link – Increased Immigration Lower Wages
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- Link – Increased Immigration Displacement, Lower Wages
- Link – Increased Immigration Worker Displacement
Link – Increased Immigration Lower WagesStudies indicate that immigrants drive down wages of native-born workers. Malanga 6 (Steven, Manhattan Institute Senior Fellow, July 23 2006, http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/_chicsuntimes-why_unskilled_immigrants.htm) TJN The flood of immigrants, both legal and illegal, from countries with poor, ill-educated populations, has yielded a mismatch between today's immigrants and the American economy and has left many workers poorly positioned to succeed for the long term. Unlike the immigrants of 100 years ago, whose skills reflected or surpassed those of the native work force, many of today's arrivals, particularly the more than half who now come from Central and South America, are farmworkers in their home countries who come here with little education or even basic training in blue-collar occupations. Nearly two-thirds of Mexican immigrants, for instance, are high school dropouts, and most wind up doing either unskilled factory work or small-scale construction projects, or they work in service industries, where they compete for entry-level jobs against one another, against the adult children of other immigrants, and against native-born high school dropouts. Of the 15 industries employing the greatest percentage of foreign-born workers, half are low-wage service industries, including gardening, domestic household work, car washes, shoe repair and janitorial work. Studies show that immigrants drive down wages of native-born workers and squeeze them out of certain industries. Harvard economists George Borjas and Lawrence Katz, for instance, estimate that low-wage immigration cuts the wages for the average native- born high school dropout 8 percent, or more than $1,200 a year. Even economists who don't find as much of an impact on all native Americans admit that the new workers push down wages significantly for immigrants already here and native-born Hispanics. Consequently, the sheer number of immigrants competing for low-skilled service jobs makes economic progress difficult. A study of the New York City's restaurant business, for instance, found that 60 percent of immigrant workers do not receive regular raises, while 70 percent had never been promoted. Link – Increased Immigration Displacement, Lower WagesForeign workers displace American workers, lower wages, and working conditions FAIR 3(Federation For American Immigration Reform, February 2003, http://www.fairus.org/site/PageServer?pagename=research_research104b) TKK Guestworkers displace American workers and lower American workers’ wages and working conditions in certain job sectors. Guestworker programs are a drain on the tax system. Guestworkers rarely go home. Any guestworker program that involves “earned legalization” is an amnesty, a reward for law-breaking that is vociferously opposed by the American public. Whenever the government has empanelled experts to examine the idea of expanding existing guestworkers programs—such as the Commission on Agriculture Workers (1992), the Commission on Immigration Reform (1995), and the joint U.S.-Mexico Bi-National Study on Migration (1997)—they have recommended against them, citing negative impacts to wages and working conditions in the affected industries. Link – Increased Immigration Displacement, Lower WagesImmigrants create self-sustaining networks that flaunt legal protections on industries displacing workers and lowering wages FAIR 2 (Labor and Economics, “Immigration and the Economy,” 10-2002, www.fairus.org)BHB The jobs immigration does create are often for other immigrants and at the expense of Americans. “Once in place, ethnic hiring networks are self-reproducing since each new employee recruits others from his or her own group.”11 A GAO study found that a decade of heavy immigration to Los Angeles had changed the janitorial industry from a mostly unionized native black workforce to one of non-unionized immigrants.12 According to the Census, the employment of black Americans as hotel workers in California dropped 30 percent in the 1980s, while the number of immigrants with such jobs rose 166 percent. “Indeed, many of the positive aspects of entrepreneurship have a negative dimension that is not often acknowledged. The ethnic solidarity hypothesized to be conducive to immigrant business can be seen in another light, as exclusionary and clannish, impeding access to business and employment opportunities for the native-born. The informal business transactions in immigrant communities that are normally regulated by gossip and ostracism can sometimes be enforced in ways that are distinctly illegal.”13 As immigrants come to occupy a niche, we grow dependent on continued immigration. Wayne Cornelius, a political scientist at UC San Diego, found [in a three-year study] that unskilled immigrant labor is increasingly structurally embedded in the economy, especially in California, “where immigrants have largely replaced U.S.-born workers in many occupations, from electronics assembler to gardener to domestic worker.”14 “Network recruitment [of immigrants] not only excludes American workers from certain jobs; it also builds a dependency relationship between U.S. employers and Mexican sources that requires a constant infusion of new workers.”15 “As foreign students increasingly dominate these demanding fields, fewer and fewer Americans will enter them. Thus not only are Americans being displaced from these jobs now, but the candidates for these jobs in the future will increasingly be non-Americans. If this continues long enough, we will end up with ever-fewer American-born scientists, engineers, computer scientists, programmers, and mathematicians; perhaps none at all.”16 Link – Increased Immigration Worker DisplacementImmigration leads to low-skilled unemployment Oesch 10 (Daniel - Université de Genève; European Journal of Industrial Relations 2010 16: 39; p. 43) BHB Another aspect of globalization is increased labour migration. Immigrants augment a country’s labour supply and may thus increase competition for jobs (Borjas et al., 1997). This reduces native workers’ employment opportunities if these two groups are substitutes in production. This assumption is not unrealistic for low-skilled workers: in some sectors and occupations, low-skilled native and low-skilled immigrant labour may be almost interchangeable. Hence a large influx of immigrants – if wages do not rapidly adjust downwards – may increase a country’s low-skilled unemployment rate.
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