Unit 1: Industrialization, Immigration & The Progressive Movement
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Learning Goal 1: I will be able to: -Define Second Industrial Revolution -Define Bessemer Process and list 5 reasons why the Bessemer Process was so important. -List six new inventions or innovations that came about during the Second Industrial Revolution -Identify and explain the importance of Henry Bessemer, Edwin Drake, Thomas Edison, George Westinghouse, Alexander Graham Bell, Henry Ford and the Wright Brothers -List some modern day inventions that changed the world similar to those during the 2nd Industrial Revolution Industrialism, Immigration, Progressive Movement The Second Industrial Revolution – rapid growth in US manufacturing in the late 1800s Breakthroughs in Steel Bessemer Process 1850, Henry Bessemer invented way to make steel quicker/cheaper Blast hot air through melted iron to remove impurities What used to take 2 days now took 20 minutes 1870, US mills produced 77,000 tons 1879, 1,000,000 (one million) tons Why so important? – More steel, buildings, cities, railroads, and jobs Railroads – Cheap steel = more RR Transport goods and elegant passenger cars, refrigerated shipping cars to send food, cities grew (skyscrapers), increased western growth b/c easier to travel west, and created jobs Oil – used as source of power in late 1800s. 1850s, discovered how oil could make kerosene, demand for oil up 1859, Edwin Drake found how to pump oil from the ground, Oil City, PA Electricity Thomas Edison 1,000 patents (exclusive right to new invention), 1879, electric light bulb, power plants Edison vs. Tesla – Alternating current vs. Direct current Electric chair built w/Alternating Current to scare people, elephant George Westinghouse 1880s, developed power plant that could send electricity over several miles; competed with Edison, advanced use of electricity Communication 1861, telegraph wires connected east & west coasts 1866, cable from US to Europe 1876, Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone 1880, 55,000 telephones and by 1900, almost 1.5 million Cars 1876, internal combustion engine 1893, gas powered motorcar Henry Ford – moving assembly line, quicker production & lower price Planes – Orville & Wilbur Wright – Airplane used small gas powered engine, 1st flight 1903 
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