Unit 5: Expansion, Division, and Reunion Standards: 7B, 8A-10f, 13c
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- SSUSH9: Key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Fugitive Slave Law John Brown’s Raid
- President Lincoln’s Efforts to Preserve the Union: Second Inaugural Address
- Lincoln’s use of Emergency Powers
- Civil War People: Ulysses Grant
- Images of Confederate icons Robert E. Lee, Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, and Jefferson Davis Explain the importance of geography: Fort Sumter
- Union victory Win gave Lincoln enough confidence to announce Emancipation Proclamation
- Lincoln had declared that he meant to save the Union as best he could—by preserving slavery, by destroying it, or by destroying part and preserving part.
- Vicksburg Vicksburg, Miss
- The Confederacy was never able to recover from the heavy loss of troops. Blow to Confederates both militarily and politically The Battle for Atlanta
- Union eventually cut off a main Confederate supply center and influenced the Federal presidential election of 1864.
- Economic Differences Between the Union and Confederacy South
Wilmot Proviso congressional proposal in the 1840s to prohibit the extension of slavery into the territories acquired after Mexican – American War Never passed through Congress The development of the Compromise of 1850. Wrote by Henry Clay Measures passed by the U.S. Congress to settle slavery issues and to avert the threat of a split of the Union. The crisis arose from the request of the territory of California to be admitted to the Union with a constitution prohibiting slavery. Territory of Utah was established and it was under the right of popular sovereignty. Slavery was outlawed in Washington D.C. SSUSH9: Key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War. The Kansas-Nebraska Act National policy change concerning the expansion of slavery into the territories, where the use of popular sovereignty was taken over the congressional decision. Provided for the territorial organization of Kansas and Nebraska under the principle of popular sovereignty – the right of residents of a territory to vote for or against slavery Wiped out the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850 The Failure Of Popular Sovereignty Caused by the Kansas-Nebraska act Bleeding Kansas – A small civil war in the United States, fought between proslavery and antislavery advocates for control of the new territory of Kansas under the doctrine of popular sovereignty Dred Scott Case Ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court that made slavery legal in all the territories, adding fuel to the sectional controversy and pushing the nation to civil war. He was taken by his master Dr. John Emerson from the slave state of Missouri to the free state of Illinois and then to the free territory of Wisconsin. When the Army ordered his master to go back to Missouri, he took Scott with him back to that slave state, where his master died. Sued for his freedom in court, claiming he should be free since he had lived on free soil for a long time. Scott lost the decision as seven out of nine Justices on the Supreme Court declared no slave or descendant of a slave could be a U.S. citizen, or ever had been a U.S. citizen. As a non-citizen, the court stated, Scott had no rights and could not sue in a Federal Court and must remain a slave. The Scotts were later bought by the Blow family, who had sold Dred to Dr. John Emerson, and they were freed in 1857. Dred died of tuberculosis the following year. Reinforced the Fugitive Slave Law John Brown’s Raid American abolitionist whose raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Va made him a martyr to the antislavery cause Was instrumental in heightening sectional animosities that led to the American Civil War Formed an “army of emancipation” to liberate their fellow slaves. President Lincoln’s Efforts to Preserve the Union: Second Inaugural Address Address was given during his re-election Stressed what caused the dissolution of the Union and pointed to those in the south as the culprits Stressed that Lincoln was still committed to preserving the Union. “With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.” The Gettysburg Speech On Nov. 19, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln gave a dedication of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg, Pa., the site of the Battle of Gettysburg Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate—we cannot consecrate—we cannot hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth. Lincoln’s use of Emergency Powers Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus, a procedural method by which one who is imprisoned can be immediately released if his imprisonment is found not to conform to law. Lincoln defended his actions, arguing that the Constitution provided for the suspension of such liberties “in cases of Rebellion or Invasion, when the public Safety may require it.” Habeas Corpus - A judicial mandate to a prison official ordering that an inmate be brought to the court so it can be determined whether or not that person is imprisoned lawfully and whether or not he should be released from custody. Civil War People: Ulysses Grant Was appointed Union lieutenant general in March 1864 and was entrusted with command of all the U.S. armies. Robert E. Lee Confederate general, commander of the Army of Northern Virginia The most successful of the Southern generals during the American Civil War (1861–65) In 1865 he was given command of all the Southern armies. His surrender at Appomattox Courthouse April 9, 1865, is commonly viewed as signifying the end of the Civil War. “Stonewall” Jackson Confederate General who was shot by his own troops accidentally at the battle of Chancellorsville and he died of complications from an amputated arm and pneumonia Death was a major blow to Confederate morale. William T. Sherman American Civil War Union general and a major architect of modern warfare. Led Union forces in crushing campaigns through the South, marching through Georgia and the Carolinas Burned and looted cities from Atlanta to Savannah to the ground during his march through GA Was ordered to kill Confederate morale Jefferson Davis. President of the Confederate States of America throughout its existence during the American Civil War 
Images of Confederate icons Robert E. Lee, Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, and Jefferson Davis Explain the importance of geography: Fort Sumter Charleston, S.Carolina – Was the battled that marked the start of the Civil War Fort was taken with low casualties and Lincoln called on 75000 troops to take it back Followed by the secessions of N. Carolina, Tennessee, S. Carolina, Virginia, Georgia, Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Arkansas Antietam Sharpsburg, Maryland – First major battle of Civil War to occur on northern soil Single most bloodiest day in U.S. history 23000 casualties Union victory Win gave Lincoln enough confidence to announce Emancipation Proclamation Edict issued by U.S. Pres. Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, that freed the slaves of the Confederate states in rebellion against the Union Lincoln had declared that he meant to save the Union as best he could—by preserving slavery, by destroying it, or by destroying part and preserving part. Calling on the revolted states to return to their allegiance before the next year, otherwise their slaves would be declared free men Vicksburg Vicksburg, Miss. – Ulysses S. Grant cuts off Trans – Miss. Department communication lines The North gained control of the Mississippi River, cutting off the South's supply line Union Win Gettysburg Gettysburg, Pennsylvania – Battle with largest number of casualties Major General Gordon Meade defeats Robert E. Lee and ends his invasion of the north. 46000 – 51000 casualties The Confederacy was never able to recover from the heavy loss of troops. Blow to Confederates both militarily and politically The Battle for Atlanta. Atlanta was viewed as a transportation hub with a significant number of railroad supply lines. Union eventually cut off a main Confederate supply center and influenced the Federal presidential election of 1864. Complicated the Confederate position near the Southern capital of Richmond, Virginia, as troops there now had to contend with Union forces to the north and south. Economic Differences Between the Union and Confederacy South The cotton gin made cotton become profitable and increased the number of plantations growing cotton Meant the greater need for a large amount of cheap labor, i.e. slaves. In the South 40% of the population was made up of slaves North Economy was based more on industry than agriculture. Northern industries were purchasing the raw cotton and turning it into finished goods. Disparity set up a major difference in economic attitudes.
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