Unit 5: Expansion, Division, and Reunion Standards: 7B, 8A-10f, 13c
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- Johnsonian Reconstruction vs Radical Republican Reconstruction
- South resented military rule because they didn’t want to be under the control of union soldiers Land Redistribution
- Education for Blacks Post – Civil War The 1 st and 2 nd Morrill Land-Grant Act
- Helping establish schools and educate the newly freed men and women.
- It scared southern slave owners who depended on the cooperation of slaves for their livelihood 14 th
- Defined national citizenship to include anyone born in the U.S. 15th amendment
- The Ku Klux Klan It was founded in rebellion to the governments efforts to give newly freed slaves civil rights equal to white citizens.
- How the presidential election of 1876 and the subsequent compromise of 1877 marked the end of Reconstruction Election of 1876: Republican Rutherford B. Hayes
- Jim Crow Laws Nurses
Reconstruction In U.S. history, the period (1865–77) that followed the Civil War and during which attempts were made to redress the inequities of slavery and its political, social, and economic legacy and to solve the problems arising from the readmission to the Union of the 11 states that had seceded at or before the outbreak of war. Experiment in “interracial democracy”. Johnsonian Reconstruction vs Radical Republican Reconstruction
Land Redistribution Congress passed a bill that granted each ex-slave was 40 acres and a mule but President Johnson vetoed the bill. Nobody to protect enforced law Failure of land reform allowed a new slavery system to emerge: sharecropping - In exchange for land, a cabin, and supplies, sharecroppers agreed to raise a cash crop (usually cotton) and to give half the crop to their landlord. Education for Blacks Post – Civil War The 1st and 2nd Morrill Land-Grant Act gave federal lands to the states for the purpose of opening colleges and universities to educate farmers, scientists, and teachers. States using federal land-grant funds must either make their schools open to both blacks and whites or allocate money for segregated black colleges to serve as an alternative to white schools. Sixteen exclusively black institutions received 1890 land-grant funds. Morehouse College Founded as Augusta Institute during Reconstruction in 1867 by William J. White and Richard C. Coulter, a former slave. All male University founded after the Civil War as a school for the training of preachers, Morehouse has become one of the most prestigious colleges for African Americans in the nation. The Freedmen’s Bureau. Created in 1865 by the U.S. Congress as The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands to aid African Americans undergoing the transition from slavery to freedom in the aftermath of the Civil War Helping establish schools and educate the newly freed men and women. Was the first organization of its kind, a federal agency established solely for the purpose of social welfare. Furnished rations to refugees and freed people displaced by the war Established freedmen schools and hospitals Supervised the development of a contract labor system Created military tribunals to judge legal disputes. 13th Amendment – Abolished Slavery "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” Prior to the Civil War Congress had passed a Thirteenth Amendment to guarantee the legality of slavery in the slave states, rather than to end it. Abolishing slavery was almost exclusively a Republican Party effort only 6 democrats voted for it. Lincoln insisted that the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment be added to the Republican party platform for the upcoming presidential elections. It scared southern slave owners who depended on the cooperation of slaves for their livelihood 14th Amendment – Any person born in the U.S. is a citizen All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Defined national citizenship to include anyone born in the U.S. 15th amendment. "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Last of the “Reconstruction Amendments” to be adopted. It was designed to prohibit discrimination against voters on the basis on race or previous condition of servitude. Black Codes - Black Codes was a name given to laws passed by southern governments established during the presidency of Andrew Johnson. These laws imposed severe restrictions on freed slaves such as prohibiting their right to vote, forbidding them to sit on juries, limiting their right to testify against white men, carrying weapons in public places and working in certain occupations. Race was defined by blood; the presence of any amount of black blood made one black Employment was required of all freedmen; violators faced homelessness charges Freedmen could not assemble without the presence of a white person Freedmen were assumed to be agricultural workers and their duties and hours were tightly regulated Freedmen were not to be taught to read or write Public facilities were segregated Violators of these laws were subject to being whipped or branded. The Ku Klux Klan It was founded in rebellion to the government's efforts to give newly freed slaves civil rights equal to white citizens. Hate organization that employed terror in pursuit of their white supremacist agenda. The 19th-century Klan was originally organized as a social club by Confederate veterans in Pulaski, Tenn., in 1866. Southern white underground resistance to Radical Reconstruction who sought the restoration of white supremacy through intimidation and violence aimed at the newly enfranchised black freedmen. (Confederate cavalry general Nathan Bedford Forrest is believed to have been the first grand wizard) SSUSH13: The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in the Progressive Era The impeachment of Andrew Johnson in relationship to Reconstruction. 1st impeachment of a President Tenure of Office Act, forbade the chief executive from removing without the Senate’s concurrence certain federal officers whose appointments had originally been made by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Dismissed Edwin M. Stanton—the Radical Republicans’ ally within his cabinet—to provide a court test of the act’s constitutionality If Congress were able to remove the president, then, many Americans believed, the United States would be a dictatorship run by the leaders of Congress. Key votes fell one short of the necessary two-thirds for conviction and Johnson was exonerated. How the presidential election of 1876 and the subsequent compromise of 1877 marked the end of Reconstruction Election of 1876: Republican Rutherford B. Hayes and Democrat Samuel J. Tilden Northern Republicans became more conservative, Reconstruction came to symbolize a misguided attempt to uplift the lower classes of society. Southern political leaders and representatives of Hayes produced The Compromise of 1877: After the election, Democrats agreed to allow Hayes (Republican) to be president if all federal troops would leave the south. With Hayes’ election federal troops left the south Federal government no longer accepted the responsibility for protecting the rights of the former slaves as Reconstruction came to an end. Disenfranchisement of black voters, a rigid system of racial segregation, the relegation of African Americans to low-wage agricultural and domestic employment, and legal and extralegal violence to punish those who challenged the new order. Jim Crow Laws Nurses No person or corporation shall require any white female nurse to nurse in wards or rooms in hospitals, either public or private, in which Negro men are placed. Alabama Buses All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored races. Alabama Restaurants It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each compartment. Alabama Pool and Billiard Rooms It shall be unlawful for a negro and white person to play together or in company with each other at any game of pool or billiards. Alabama Toilet Facilities, Male Every employer of white or negro males shall provide for such white or negro males reasonably accessible and separate toilet facilities. Alabama Cohabitation Any negro man and white woman, or any white man and negro woman, who are not married to each other, who shall habitually live in and occupy in the nighttime the same room shall each be punished by imprisonment not exceeding twelve (12) months, or by fine not exceeding five hundred ($500.00) dollars. Florida Education The schools for white children and the schools for Negro children shall be conducted separately. Florida case Directory: SiSFiles -> Schools Schools -> Ap u. S. History presidents list the Young Republic, 1788-1815 Schools -> Introduction Schools -> Cutting Greenhouse Gases Global warming Schools -> Birth of a Monster on the left hand side of the page. Read all the interesting information as you make your way down to the chart which outlines the steps in hurricane formation. Hurricane Formation Schools -> History of the American Automobile Schools -> Exploring Hurricanes Schools -> Famous Alabamians: Athletes Schools -> Hubble Space Telescope Download 270.83 Kb. Share with your friends:
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