Unit I: Nature & Perspectives
Unit III: Cultural Patterns and Processes
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- Navigate this page:
- Religion Mono/Poly Ethnic/Universalizing Hearth Region
- Unit IV: Political Organization of Space
- Unit V: Industry and Economic Geography
- Unit VI: Agriculture and Rural Land Use
- Type of Agriculture Subsistence/Commercial Where
- Unit VII: Cities Urban Land Use
- Study the charts and graphs on the next page. Answer more practice questions here: http://www.learnerator.com/ap-human-geography You can do it!
- 46 nations and other areas are landlocked
- 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
- Global Land Use
| Unit III: Cultural Patterns and Processes
46. Classify each of the following religions as monotheistic or polytheistic, universalizing or ethnic, and include their hearth region, then rank them according to number of followers
Match the following (can be used more than once or not at all): 47. example of linguistic fragmentation 48. an example of a lingua franca 49. the language with the most speakers (as a first language) 50. a language in the Sino-Tibetan family 51. A language in the Indo-European family a. Mandarin b. Swahili c. Nigeria d. Haitian Creole e. Hindi
52. Which of the following is the belief that one’s own culture is the best or better than other cultures? a. Ethos
b. Prejudice c. Ethnocentrism d. Acculturation
a. Russia b. Northern India c. Iran
d. Eastern and Southern Australia e. Central Asia 54. Which of the following is an example of a cultural landscape? a. coastal wetland b. cloud forest c. stand of mangrove trees d. eroded shoreline e. Adobe ruins Classify each of the following as folk culture or popular culture: 55. the Amish 56. Blue jeans 57. McDonalds 58. Goetta 59. Small scale 60. Urban 61. Rural 62. Cultural homogeneity 63. slow change 64. The internet 65. Anime 66. Relocation diffusion
b. Sino-Tibetan, Sinitic, Mandarin, Chinese c. Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Hindi, Bengali d. Indo-European, Germanic, English, Midland-Northern 68. The largest number of immigrants to the United States every year is from a. Guatemala b. Haiti c. Mexico d. Cuba e. Dominican R. 69. Which of the following aspects of diffusion of Western culture threaten non-Western ways of life? I. loss of traditional values II. subjugation of women III. Western control of media IV. alteration of traditional landscapes V. pollution
b. I and III only c. I, II and IV only d. I, III, IV and V only e. I, II, III, IV, and V
b. Bangladesh c. Egypt d. Iran
e. Indonesia 71. Which of the following religions is predominant in the states of Wisconsin, Minnesota and North Dakota? a. Catholic b. Mormon c. Lutheran d. Baptist e. Methodist 
72. According to the figure above, which of the following choices best describes the changes in interaction as distances increases? a. it remains unchanged b. it increases at first, then decreases c. it increases d. it changes randomly e. it decreases
Lutheran Episcopalian Presbyterian Baptist
Pentecostal Methodist a. 16% b. 7%
c. 6% d. 3%
e. 2% f. 1%
74. Match the religion with the correct percentage of adherents globally: Buddhism Islam
Hinduism Christianity Judaism Animist/Shamanist Traditional Nonreligious a. 33%
b. 21% c. 16%
d. 14% e. 6%
e. 6% f. .22%
75. Which of the following majority Muslim countries has a secular government? a. Saudi Arabia b. Iran c. Turkey d. Afghanistan e. Yemen 76. Identify each of the following as part of material or non-material culture: Gregorian chant Muslim prayer rug a Cathedral
_Arabic _English _Mandarin _Hindi _Spanish _Bengali Unit IV: Political Organization of Space 78. Put the following in order from the largest to the smallest: census tract, county, municipality, nation-state, province, empire 79. Europeans’ primary motivations for colonization: G_______, G________________, G___________
80. nation-state 81. multi-nation state 82. multi-state nation 83. stateless nation 84. unrecognized state a. Korea
b. Kurds c. Palestine d. Indonesia e. Japan Match the following: 85. compact state 86. elongated state 87. prorupted state 88. perforated state 89. fragmented state 90. landlocked state 91. microstate
b. Indonesia c. Nicaragua d. South Africa e. Vatican City f. Vietnam 92. Name two forward capitals (country and new capital city) 93. Colony sorting. The number tells you how many for that country. Each country will have at least three different continents represented: Britain (4) France (4) Spain (3) Portugal (2) Netherlands (2) India Congo
Syria Mexico
Cape Colony Angola
Argentina Morocco
Brazil Singapore Ghana Vietnam
Indonesia Algeria
Nigeria Match the following: 94. Unitary State 95. Federal State 96. Confederal State 97. Devolution a. Canada b. France c. Germany d. Mexico e. Switzerland f. United States Match the following: 98. model that demonstrates the transfer of resources from less developed to more developed countries 99. the area near a border, separating two countries or the extreme limits of a state 100. the node of a state, or the area Mackinder thought was important in global geopolitics 101. a portion of a state surrounded by the territory of another state 102. manipulating boundaries for political gain 103. the area Spykman thought was more important than the heartland in geopolitics 104. a real or imaginary line that separates two things a. frontier b. enclave c. core-periphery d. gerrymandering e. boundary f. rimland g. heartland 105. The European Union, the Arab League and the United Nations are all examples of a. pressure groups b. nation-states c. centrifugal forces d. supranational organizations e. federations Label each boundary physical or cultural and give two examples:
111. Which of the following has fostered the most significant economic growth by eliminating import tariffs between member states? a. European Union (EU) b. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) c. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) d. Association of Caribbean States (ACS) e. United Nations (UN)
a. weaken them so that they granted independence to many colonies b. strengthen their ties to most colonies around the world c. make them more dependent on products from their colonies d. increase their military presence in colonies e. increase the number of countries that were competing to become imperialist 113. Which of the following is the best example of a nation-state in which the boundaries of the nation are very similar to the boundaries of the state? a. Russia b. Iraq c. Iceland d. Nigeria 114. The Kurds are considered to be a stateless nation because their homeland, Kurdistan, lies across the boundaries of the following states: a. Greece, Turkey, Russia and Georgia b. Iran, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan c. Turkey, Armenia, Iran and Iraq d. Syria, Iraq, Jordan and Israel Most are islands Most are relatively isolated Most have extremely small populations Most are remnants of empires 115. The set of statements above applies to which of the following? a. the provinces of Canada b. the world’s remaining dependencies c. the breakaway regions of Spain d. the global commons e. the newly independent states of the 1990’s 116. A good example of a centripetal force in political geography is a. the existence of difference language regions b. rugged topography c. religious diversity and conflict d. a primate city e. a poorly developed road network 117. Which of the following is the best example of a state with a compact shape? a. Argentina b. Burma c. Poland d. Indonesia e. New Zealand 118. Most of Africa’s political boundaries were originally drawn by a. seventeenth-century European explorers b. European Colonial powers at the Berlin Conference c. the Bandung Conference of 1955 d. decolonization movements of the 1950’s and 60’s
119. soft-drink bottling 120. beer brewing 121. nickel smelting 122. baking 123. automobile assembly 124. auto parts manufacturing 125. call centers 126. cell phone manufacturing 127. tennis shoe manufacturing
Label each of the following as primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary or quinary: 128. mining 129. baby food production 130. growing produce for urban markets 131. a credit card call center 132. Wall Street bank president 133. IHHS librarian 134. making items to sell on Etsy 135. the Toyota plant in Kentucky
Indicate the country or countries: 136. The Four Asian Tigers 137. NAFTA 138. Maquiladoras 139. List three fossil-fuels 140. Top four fossil-fuel consumers 141. Top four oil-producing countries 142. All of the following contain major oil-producing EXCEPT the a. Caspian Sea b. North Sea c. Persian Gulf d. Gulf of Mexico e. Gulf of California 143. The classic model of industrial location theory suggests that the primary consideration in the location of an industrial site is which of the following? a. the institutional structure of the firm b. the cost to produce the product c. the cost of raw materials d. the cost of transportation e. the location of the market
144. Which of the following has contributed most to the deindustrialization of regions like the English Midlands and the North American Manufacturing Belt? a. increased percentage of women in the labor force b. competition from foreign imports c. environmental legislation d. the formation of free trade associations e. the decline of labor unions
a. production facilities that are generally located as close as possible to the sites of raw material production b. strong unions and localized involvement in all facets of the production process c. spatial disaggregation of the production process d. reliance on highly skilled labor at all phases of the production process e. production facilities located close to railroads 146. The United Nations recognition of a state’s Exclusive Economic Zone allows the state to a. establish economic free trade zones within the sovereign territory of other states b. claim national economic jurisdiction over 200 nautical miles of water extending from its coast c. limit importation of competitive goods and services from other countries d. protect domestic production by imposing tariffs on all foreign-made products 147. The establishment of maquiladoras by U.S. corporations for the production of electronics components is an example of which of the following? a. exploitation of union labor b. industrialization c. new international division of labor d. tertiary economic activity e. colonialism
Assume a stage 5 country and indicate if each of the following would be high or low: 153. literacy rate 154. CBR 155. CDR 156. RNI (or NIR) 157. life expectancy 158. informal sector jobs 159. pollution 160. IMR 161. GDP/GNI
162. The state of Florida earns greater revenues from the export of oranges than does the state of Georgia. This can be attributed to which of the following? a. Florida has a comparative advantage as a producer of oranges b. Georgia has a comparative advantage as a producer of oranges c. Florida’s economy is primarily based on agricultural production
Match the following: 163. high terminal cost, high line cost, high route flexibility a. airplane 164. high terminal cost, low line cost, high route flexibility b. railroad 165. high terminal cost, low line cost, low route flexibility c. ship 166. low terminal cost, low line cost, high route flexibility d. truck 167. According to Alfred Weber, when too many businesses locate in one area, labor and transportation costs increase, which often leads to b. deglomeration c. sustainable development d. an increase in footloose industries e. post-industrialization 168. In most countries, per capita income is most closely correlated with a. population growth b. urbanization c. literacy rates d. location e. oil production 169. A common criticism of Rostow’s modernization theory is that it a. fails to recognize that rich nations often block the development of poor countries b. discourages rich nations from providing foreign aid to poor countries c. suggests that the causes of poverty lie almost entirely in the actions of rich nations d. wrongly treats wealth as a zero-sum commodity in the world
170. Canada 171. France 172. South Africa 173. Netherlands 174. Brazil 175. Ghana 176. Niger 177. Japan 178. China
179. The most important factor that encourages modern factories to locate in suburban or rural areas rather than cities is a. labor costs b. transportation costs c. agglomeration d. land costs 180. The basic premise of sustainable development is that a. people living today not impair the ability of future generations to meet their needs b. the ill effects of global warming must be contained c. more serves of fossil fuels must be found and extracted d. workers must be able to sue companies for damages done due to careless treatment of the environment e. deindustrialization and deglomeration are needed in order to stimulate growth in rural areas
B. Identify and explain one common criticism of Rostow’s theory C. Identify and explain one common criticism of Wallerstein’s theory
182. increases in the amount of land under cultivation Increases in the agricultural workforce Increases in the use of energy and technology
hunting and gathering subsistence agriculture
corporately controlled farms regionalized cuisine
genetic engineering high food prices Green Revolution 186. soy beans wheat
coffee corn
rice 187. shifting agriculture tropical climate global warming depletion of topsoil commercial agriculture 188. terracing pastoral nomadism hunting and gathering subsistence agriculture shifting agriculture 189. Von Thunen model milkshed extensive grains terracing forest ring 190. Mediterranean Palm Oil
Olives Grapes
Figs 191. The production of only enough food to feed the farmer’s family with no significant surplus to sell is called a. irrigation farming b. truck farming c. seed agriculture d. subsistence agriculture e. shifting agriculture 192. In which of the following countries is plantation farming LEAST likely to be practiced? a. Brazil b. Nigeria c. Thailand d. India e. Belgium 193. According to Carl Sauer, which of the following is true about plant domestication? a. it originated in marginal areas with limited food resources b. it first occurred in diversified habitats with a variety of species c. it was developed by farmers who were starving and desperate for food d. it owes its origins to the domestication of animals e. it was at first dependent on irrigation 194. Labor-intensive intertillage is often practiced in a. the Canadian wheat belt b. Southeast Asia c. the Turkish highlands d. the English countryside e. New Zealand Classify the following types of agriculture as subsistence (intensive or extensive), or commercial, and name one place or region where it can be found:
200. Which of the following is the essential requirement of lowland rice production? a. cheap labor b. year-round growing season c. proximity to market d. abundant water e. alluvial soil
a. Plantation agriculture and specialized horticulture b. Cattle ranching and Mediterranean agriculture c. Wheat farming and dairying d. Shifting cultivation and nomadic herding e. Intensive rice cultivation and subsistence farming 202. Which is the best example of extensive land use in agriculture? a. a cattle feedlot b. a sheep ranch d. a greenhouse e. a backyard garden 203. Modern improvements in transportation systems have impacted agriculture significantly by a. allowing almost all land surfaces to be farmed b. expanding the role of agribusiness in producing food c. encouraging more people to farm for a living d. encouraging more people to buy local produce
a. SW Asia, S. China, W. Europe b. SW Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, W. Europe c. SW Asia, N. China and Ethiopia d. SE Asia, S. China and Japan e. W. India, Central Asia, SE Asia 205. According to Von Thunen, which of the following type of agricultural activity is most likely to take place in Ring 1, the ring closes to the city? a. wheat farming b. animal grazing c. dairy farming d. forestry
a. Indian Ocean Exchange b. Mercantile System c. Putting Out System d. Columbian Exchange
a. small with scattered ownership b. large and tended individually c. accessible to transportation d. marked by physical boundaries
a. biotechnology b. subsistence agriculture c. industrial agriculture d. mercantilism e. truck farming 209. Compared to N. American ranchers, commercial ranchers in the Pampas of Aregentina, Uruguay and S. Brazil are more likely to: a. raise mostly sheep b. lease their grazing land c. rely on feedlots d. raise livestock primarily for export e. use practices developed by indigenous people 210. List two pros and two cons of the Green Revolution: Unit VII: Cities & Urban Land Use Match the following: 211. export primarily to consumers outside the city 212. sell to people within the settlement 213. what Christaller’s hexagons explain 214. related to talent 215. center of Latin American cities 216. provided to people by government 217. downtown 218. illegal occupation of a residential district a. CBD b. non-basic industry c. central plaza d. basic industry e. human capital f. public housing g. squatter settlement h. urban hierarchy 219. Which of the following is true of an edge city? a. it is located on the edge of a lake, river or other physical feature b. it is close to bankruptcy c. it is an outlet for a region’s trade d. it is increasingly used for heavy industry e. it has a large amount of recently developed retail and office space 220. Which of the following is a forward capital? a. Lima b. Brasilia c. London d. Cairo e. Seoul 221. Central Place theory describes the a. spatial patterns of urban and outlying areas based on the flow of goods and services b. tendency of different ethnic groups to congregate in a single location c. tendency of civilizations to form around certain natural features d. outward radiation of cultural patterns from a central place e. tendency of wealth to concentrate in urban core areas 222. An increase in the demand for a city’s goods and services produces rapid in-migration. Which of the following explains why a city often does not experience a corresponding out migration when the demand for its goods and services declines? a. Most countries have unemployment benefit programs designed to keep workers in place to provide a reservoir of cheap labor b. Most countries have strict controls on migration that limit intercity movement c. Unemployed workers have skills that may not easily transfer to new cities d. Family and emotional bonds to the city my limit workers’ mobility e. The decline in demand for the city’s goods and services indicates that the country’s entire economy is in decline, therefore workers have no place to go 223. The development of high-speed rail lines, highways and communications systems has created cities that seem to be apart from the traditional central-place hierarchies because they have developed complementary functions. Which of the following is an example of these so-called network cities? a. London-Birmingham-Liverpool b. Hong Kong-Shanghai-Beijing c. Moscow-St. Petersburg – Kiev d. Cleveland-Toledo-Chicago e. Tokyo – Osaka-Nagasaki Study the charts and graphs on the next page. Answer more practice questions here: http://www.learnerator.com/ap-human-geography You can do it! Last Section: Charts, Graphs and General Global Knowledge 70.9% of the world's surface is water, 29.1% is land Top ten largest landmasses:
46 nations and other areas are landlocked, these include: Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Holy See (Vatican City), Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Niger, Paraguay, Rwanda, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, South Sudan, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, West Bank, Zambia, Zimbabwe; two of these, Liechtenstein and Uzbekistan, are doubly landlocked Land Claims: a variety of situations exist, but in general, most countries make the following claims measured from the mean low-tide baseline as described in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea: territorial sea - 12 nm, contiguous zone - 24 nm, and exclusive economic zone - 200 nm; additional zones provide for exploitation of continental shelf resources and an exclusive fishing zone; boundary situations with neighboring states prevent many countries from extending their fishing or economic zones to a full 200 nm Global Land Use: arable land: 10.43%, permanent crops planted on: 1.15% of land Drinking Water: unimproved: urban: 3.7% of population, rural: 19.1% of population, total: 11.1% of population (2011 est.) Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 84.1% male: 88.6% female: 79.7% note: almost three-quarters of the world's 775 million illiterate adults are found in only ten countries (in descending order: India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Egypt, Brazil, Indonesia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo); of all the illiterate adults in the world, two-thirds are women; extremely low literacy rates are concentrated in South and West Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa (2010 est.)
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