Volume 3: Programming with the Visio Object Model disclaimer
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- Navigate this page:
- Control structures
- 2.Branching Statements
- 3.Looping Statements
- For Each … Next
- 4.Jumping Statements
- 5.Procedures
- 6.Functions
ConstantsConstants are declared with the Const keyword. Constants are valuable when you want to assign a value to a variable and have it remain fixed throughout the execution of the code. The syntax for Constants is as follows: Public | Private Const name [As type] = Expression A variable or constant with Public scope is available to all procedures in all modules in a project. A variable or constant with Private scope is only available to procedures in the module that defines it, but not to procedures in other modules. ExamplesDefine the mathematical constant pi. Public Const pi As Double = 3.14159 Control structuresIn VBA, control structures are used to determine what should happen, when it should happen, and under what circumstances it should happen. The three most common control structures are branching statements, looping statements, and jumping statements.
2.Branching StatementsBranching statements include the familiar If … Then conditional, as well as the Select Case statement. Branching statements test for conditions, and then execute certain blocks of code if the conditions are TRUE, and different blocks of code if they are FALSE. If/ThenThe If …Then conditional is probably the most widely used control structure in programming. The syntax for an If statement is as follows: If logical_expression Then ‘Code to execute if True Else
‘Code to execute if False End If
It is entirely possible to nest If statements, but be careful of doing this too many times as the code can become unmanageable very fast. To nest If statements, use a skeleton like the following: If condition_1 Then ‘Second If Statement If condition_2 Then ‘Code if True Else
‘Code if False End If
Else ‘Code if condition_1 is False End If If you want to have multiple tests in a single If statement, you can use ElseIf. ElseIf will enable you test a condition multiple times. Use the following skeleton for an ElseIf statement: If strBreakfast = “Sausage” Then ‘Code if True ElseIf strBreakfast = “Donuts” Then ‘Code if True ElseIf strBreakfast = “Green Eggs and Ham” Then ‘Code if True Else ‘Code if none of the above are True End If Select CaseSelect Case is used when you need to make a choice among several different answers. The following example carries out one of five actions depending on what is contained in the variable varCurrentMood. There can be multiple lines of code for each Case. Select Case varCurrentMood Case "Sad" 'code for Buy Kleenex and Sob Case "Mad" 'code for Punch the pillow Case "Happy" 'code for Smile Case "Homesick" 'code for Write a letter Case "Irritated" 'code Smirk Case Else 'The catch-all phrase for anything that doesn't fit the above. 'None of the above? Then you must be bored. Go out and play. End Select 3.Looping StatementsLooping statements perform the same action over and over again. There are two main looping structures, For …Next, For Each …Next, and Do …While. For … NextTypically the For …Next statement is used when the number of required loops is known, or is stored in a variable. Here is the syntax: For varCounter = X to Y ‘Code to execute here Next
varCounter is a variable that the script uses to keep track of the current count. You could name it whatever you want. X and Y can be either numbers, or can be variable names that store numbers. X signifies the starting number to set the counter to, and Y is the end number of loops to perform. Dim DateStart As Date Dim DateEnd As Date Dim NumberOfDays As Integer Dim varCounter As Integer DateStart = #7/1/2002# DateEnd = #7/15/2002# NumberOfDays = DateEnd - DateStart For varCounter = 0 To NumberOfDays 'Code to execute here Next
‘Code to execute here Next
varVariable can either be the name of an array, or a collection of objects. Do … WhileThe Do …While statement is used when you are not sure of the number of loops to perform. On each loop a test is performed, and as long as the condition is met the loop will continue to occur. The syntax is as follows: Do While varVariable1 < varVariable2 ‘Code to execute here varVariable1 = varVariable1 + 1 Loop Typically, the value of varVariable1 will change within the loop. In the example it is incremented by 1 each time through the loop. At some point it will become bigger than the value in varVariable2 and the loop will end. 4.Jumping StatementsJumping Statements are useful when you need reusable chunks of code that need to be called at specific moments. These are essentially mini-programs that force the main program to jump from the main body of code, run through the commands of the mini-program, and then return to the main body of code. There are two types of jumping statements:
5.ProceduresSub procedures are used to execute a bit of code, and then return to the main body of the code. The syntax is as follows: Sub nameofsub() ‘Code to Execute Goes Here End Sub
You can then execute a sub procedure by calling it using the Call command: Call nameofsub 6.FunctionsFunctions are used to execute a bit of code and to return a value back to the main code. The syntax is as follows: Function NameOfFunction(Parameter) As Integer 'Code to Execute Goes Here 'Assign a value to the function before it ends 'This will be the value that the function returns NameOfFunction = 10 End Function Functions can take parameters, meaning they can accepts values from the main body of code and use them during the execution of the function. Inside the parenthesis () you can place the name of a variable that you want to pass to the function. For example, to create a function to calculate the next time to change the oil of a car (current mileage + 3000 miles), you can pass a variable that stores the current mileage into the function, as in the following code: Dim dCurrentMileage as Double dCurrentMileage = 145000 Function FindNextOilChange(dCurrentMileage) as Double When functions are finished performing their calculations, they return the result as a value of a new variable, which is the name of the function. When you create a function and give it a name, that name becomes a variable that will store the resulting value of the function’s calculations. It is not necessary to Dim this variable, it is available for use automatically. So, the code above becomes complete when we assign the value to the function name: Function FindNextOilChange(dCurrentMileage) as Double FindNextOilChange = dCurrentMileage + 3000 End Function It is common to create a new variable, and make the variable equal to the function. This invokes the function and stores the function’s value as a global variable. Sub CalculateNewMileage() Dim dCurrentMileage As Double Dim dNewMileage As Double dCurrentMileage = 145000 dNewMileage = FindNextOilChange(dCurrentMileage) MsgBox “The mileage for your next oil change is” & “ “ & dNewMileage End Sub
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