With the complicity of

, X; “Klan Death Threat Told at Hearing,” Baton Rouge State Times, 5 January 1966, 1; Sam A. Hanna, “Klan Probers Cite Terrorist Tactics in Bogalusa Strife,” Shreveport Times, 5 January 1966, 1; AP, “House Probe Told Klan in Bogalusa Remains Powerful,” Shreveport Times, 6 January 1966, 1; “Bogalusa Witnesses Mum on Klan Action,” Baton Rouge State-Times, 6 January 1966, 1; AP, “KKK Still Grips Bogalusa, View,” New Orleans Times-Picayune, 6 January 1966, 6.

149 “Negro March Slated in Bogalusa Today,” Baton Rouge State Times, 28 January 1966, 10-A.

150 UPI, “Bogalusa Rights Chief warns Cross Burners,” Shreveport Times, 29 January 1966, 19-C.

151 The letter had falsely claimed Klan affiliation. “Cross Burning is Investigated,” Shreveport Times, 30 January 1966, 8-B; “Cross Burning Brings Arrests,” New Orlean Times-Picayune, 27 January 1966, 16.

152 UPI, “Bogalusa Men Face Charges in Beating,” Baton Rouge State –Times, 4 January 1966, 6A. They pleaded innocent. “3 Officers Enter Innocent Pleas in Beating Case,” Baton Rouge State-Times, 6 January 1966, 6B; UPI, “Bogalusa Injunction Briefs Are Studied,” Baton Rouge State Times, 17 January 1966, 10-A.

153 LHM, FBI, New Orleans to Secret Service et al, “Spraying of Cars. . .” and Airtel, New Orleans to Director, (dates deleted), Section 28, 54-55 in UKA-New Orleans File, (FBI File 105-1057), FOIA.

154 New Orleans Office Informant Reports, 2/8/66(quotes), 2/28/66, 3/3/66, Section 28 61-63, 102-105, 115-116, Section 29, 55, in UKA-New Orleans File, (FBI File 105-1057), FIOA.

155 Director to Attorney General, 12/19/67, reprinted in Church Committee, Hearings, Vol. 6, 516-527.

156 Editorial, “Laughter is Killing the Klan, Lake Charles American Press, 10 January 1966, 4; Cartoons, “The Fifth,” New Orleans Times-Picayune, 16, January 1966 2, and “Ku Ku Kluxing,” idem 20 January 1966, 18.

157 “LCLU Asks Klan Violence Halted,” New Orlean Times-Picayune, 14 January 1966, 8; “State Already Acted on KKK Violence, Governor,” New Orlean Times-Picayune, 15 January 1966, 2.

158 “Klan Medallion salesman Quits Business Here,” Baton Rouge State-Times, 7 January 1966, 8-A.

159 “Find White Men Guilty of rape try on Negro,” Baton Rouge State-Times, 8 January 1966, 3-A.

160 LHM, 3/23/66, Original Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, in Ibid, 195; Informant report, 4/26/66, Section 29, p. 68.

161 Lester Dickerson, William E. Cross Jr., James S. Reynolds, Lloyd Barnette, Nicholas E. Glover, and Donald Cross. “Jury Indicts 6 in fire Blasts,” New orleans Times-Picayune, 22 June 1966, 1; HUAC, Activities, 2593.

162 New Orleans to Director, 5/18/66; Director, to New Orleans, 5/25/66 .

163 New Orleans to Director, 5/6/66, 6/10/66, 7/1/66.

164 One unit returned to the UKA fold. The others had ceased to exist. Director to Attorney General, 12/19/67, reprinted in Church Committee, Hearings, Vol. 6, 516-527; New Orleans to Director, 10/24/66.

165 Athan Theoharis and John Stuart Cox, The Boss: J. Edgar Hoover and the Great American Inquisition, (Philadelphia, 1988), 11-15; Frank Donner, The Age of Surveillance: The Aims and Methods of America’s Political Intelligence System, (New York, 1981), 12, 130-132.

166 Brennan to Sullivan, 7/23/69 in FBI Wiretaps, Bugs and Break-ins,” (Frederick: University Press of America, ) Reel 2, Frame 787-789.

167 Sullivan to DeLoach, 7/16/66, Do Not File, in Alexander Charnes Papers, Collection #4866, Series 8, Folder 413, Southern History Collection, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill.

168 Sullivan to DeLoach, 7/19/66, reprinted in Athan Theoharis ed. From the Secret Files of J. Edgar Hoover; (Chicago, 1991), 129.

169 New Orleans to Director, 10/24/66.

170 New Orleans to Director, 7/20/66, 10/24/66; AP, “Monroe Police Posess Secret LA. Klan Records,” Baton Rouge State Times, 28 September 1966, 13-E.

171 New Orleans to Director, 1/18/67.

172 Baumgardner to Sullivan 8/8/66 (New Orleans file). See also, Director, to WFO 7/24/66, 8/19/66.

173 New Orleans to Director, 11/30/66, 10/24/66.

174 New Orleans to Director, 7/6/66, 7/12/66.

175 [7] denotes a seven character long bureau deletion, ie. The Klansman’s last name has seven characters in it. Director to New Orleans, 7/19/66; Baumgardner to Sullivan 8/8/66 (first of two in the New Orleans File). The NCDT is discussed above.

176 Baumgardner to Sullivan, 5/4/66 (Section1).

177 New Orleans to Director, 10/24/66.

178 Director to New Orleans, 7/19/66; Baumgardner to Sullivan, 10/11/66.

179 Director to New Orleans, 10/24/66.

180 New Orleans to Director, 8/26/66.

181 NCDT note, attached to New Orleans to Director, 8/26/66, 10/4/66; Director to New Orleans, 9/7/66.

182 New Orleans to Director, 9/16/66.

183 New Orleans to Director, 10/4/66, 10/7/66.

184 Baumgardner to Sullivan, 10/11/66.

185 Ibid

186 New Orleans to Director, 10/7/66.

187 Agents predicted that the College unit #566 would also soon dissolve. New Orleans to Director, 9/20/66, 10/7/66.

188 New Orleans to Director, 10/7/66.

189 Baumgardner to Sullivan, 10/11/66 (New Orleans file).

190 One of the independent units had returned to the UKA fold, and four new UKA units were chartered. Only 10 of the UKA units that had existed in March, were still functioning. New Orleans to Director, 10/24/66.

191 Ibid

192 New Orleans to Director, 10/24/66.

193 New Orleans to Director, 11/30/66.

194 New Orleans to Director, 9/20/66, 10/4/66, 12/1/66; Director to New Orleans, 9/30/66, 11/25/66; Norfolk to Director, 12/2/66.

195 NCDT letter, attached to New Orleans to Director, 9/20/66.

196 New Orleans to Director, 10/3/68. See also, idem, 6/7/68; 1/7/69; "Chief Kelly Warns Klan on 'Littering'" Monroe News Star 23 May, 1968.

197 “Southern Exposure.”

198 Baumgardner to Sullivan, 10/11/66.

199 New Orleans to Director, 1/17/67.

200 HUAC, Present Day KKK, 32.

201 Annual Report of the Attorney General, 1966, 169-170.

202 Ibid

203 Ibid

204 Director to New Orleans, 1/19/67.

205 New Orleans to Director, 1/17/67.

206 Ibid

207 New Orleans to Director, 1/30/67 (quote); Birmingham Report, 4/17/67, 12 “Racial Matters,” FBI HQ File 157-552 #44 “Robert M. Shelton,” Lazar archive.

208 New Orleans to Director, 2/6/67, 3/16/67.

209 New Orleans to Director, 4/10/67. Sixty Five Klansmen attended. Birmingham Report, 10/24/67, 2 FBI HQ File 157-552 #44 “Robert M. Shelton,” Lazar archive.

210 Newton KKK Encyclopedia, 263; HUAC, Present-Day KKK, 31-32. Shelton retained northern Klan units, as well as majorities in both the Imperial and Louisiana State Boards. New Orleans to Director, 7/1/67.

211 New Orleans to Director, 4/10/67.

212 Ibid This implies, either, that the Titans were informants, or that an Imperial officer, responsible for overseeing them, was an informant. The latter seems more likely.

213 Ibid William Sullivan, probably referring to this situation, has claimed that an FBI informant convinced Klansmen under his influence to abandon violence. William Sullivan with Bill Brown, The Bureau: My Thirty Years in Hoover’s FBI, (New York: Norton, 1979), 130.

214 Evidently, this was not the first time that the FBI had informants running a state Klan operation. “Success in the past" according to report, “was affected mainly because we had [bureau deletion] shoot down." Ibid See also, William Sullivan with Bill Brown, The Bureau: My Thirty Years in Hoover's FBI (New York, 1979), 130.

215 Edward Fields, Personal Newsletter, nd, 1:44 RIGHT WING POLITICAL COLLECTION, UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA LIBRARY, ATHENS GA.

216 New Orleans to Director, 9/25/67,

217 New Orleans to Director, 1/2/68.

218 Ibid. W.J. Kidd, a member of the Schwartz unit since 1961 and longtime EC of that klavern, became Louisiana’s Grand Dragon sometime in 1969. He retained that office until 1978, when Jerry Neathery took over. Fiery Cross, Vol 16, Special Edition, 1978.

219 New Orleans to Director, 1/7/68, 3/28/68. 4/7/69, 10/8/69, 1/4/70, 7/8/70, 9/30/70, 21/31/70, 3/29/71.

220 Jackson to Director, 5/30/67, 6/7/67, 6/19/67, 7/31/67, 2/5/68; Director to Jackson, 6/2/67, 7/28/67; New Orleans to Director, 9/25/67,

221 Jackson to Director, 6/28/68, 10/7/68.

222 “125 Negroes Begin Bogalusa March,” New York Times, 24 July 1967, 15.

223 Robert Sherril, “A Look Inside the Invisible Empire,” New South, 23:2, Spring 1968.

224 Newton, Racial and Religious Violence, 507.

225 Michael and Judy Ann Newton, Racial and Religious Violence In America: A Chronology, (New York: Garland, 1991), 508.

226 Atorny general Annual Rport 1968, 62.

227 New Orleans to Director, 6/7/68, 6/19/68; “Chief Kelly Warns Klan On ‘Littering’,” Monroe News Star, 23 May, 1968, 1; “Two Booked In Monroe Litter Case,” Monroe News Star, 24 May 1968, A. As of summer 1966, a highly placed informant in the White Knights of Mississippi, had found no indication of any affiliation between these groups. Informant report, 7/8-13-15/66, (FBI HQ file 1250177), “Delmar Dennis,” Lazar collection.

228 Two Memoranda, New Orleans to Director, circa July, 1968, January 1969 (dates missing or illegible).

229 The author has found no further information about this investigation. Christian Science Monitor, March 19, 1969, 2.

230 New Orleans to Director, 4/7/70.

231 Newton, KKK Encyclopedia, 577. On the Minutemen see Jones, A Private Army, (Toronto, 1969).

232 New Orleans to Director, 5/17/67. Lindsay (alias Ed White/James Lawrence) led this group-which included businessmen and Catholics-until his mysterious murder in 1976, when David Duke and fellow Nazis took it over. William V. Moore, "The White Knight," in Douglas D. Rose, ed., The Emergence of David Duke and the Politics of Race, (Chapel Hill, NC, 1992), 43-50.

233 New Orleans to Director, 4/26/67.

234 New Orleans to Director, 7/1/67.

235 The AFL-CIO lost 15,000 members due to the union’s support for public schools. Bill Bankston, “Blasts Hit Homes of Bussie, Negro,” Baton Rouge State Times, 19 July 1967, 1; Alan Draper, Conflict of Interests: Organized Labor and the Civil Rights Movement in the South, 1954-1968, (Ithica, 1994), 105. A cross was burned at the home of the East baton-Rouge School Superintendent. “Cross Is Burned at Aertker Home,” Baton Rouge State Times, 20 July 1967.

236 Newton, KKK Encyclopedia, 85; Jack Nelson, Terror in the Night: The Klan's Campaign Against the Jews, (New York, 1993), 93.

237 Jackson to Director, 5/28/68, 6/28/68, 10/7/68, 1/21/69, 2/6/69, 3/11/69; Director, to Jackson 6/17/68, 7/18/68. For context, see Kenneth Stern, A Force Upon the Plain: The American Militia Movement and the Politics of Hate, (New York,1996), 49; "Leaflet Plan by Minutemen," Kansas City Star, 24 February, 1969.

238 Lindsay’s group had several hundred members before Duke's arrival, in 1973. Moore, "The White Knight" in Rose ed., The Emergence of David Duke; James A. Aho, The Politics of Righteousness: Idaho Christian Patriotism, (Seattle, 1990), 43-50; 58-59, 274 n76; Tyler Bridges, The Rise of David Duke, (Jackson, 1994), Chapter 3, 40-44, 57-58, 74-76, 84-85; Michael Barkun, Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement, (Chapel Hill, 1994). 209-212; Rich, KKK Ideology, 158-170, 179-186, 193-197, 207-223, 236-237, 272-273, 296-299; 388-389, 406; Michael Zatarain, David Duke: Evolution of a Klansman, (Gretna LA, 1990), 116-122, 187-192; Reed Massengil, Portrait of a Racist: The Man Who Killed Medgar Evers, (New York, 1994), 277-278; Elinore Langer, "The American Neo-Nazi Movement Today," Nation, 251:3, 16 July 1990; Wade Fiery Cross; 372-373, 390, 398; Newton, KKK Encyclopedia, 53, 487; Anti-Defamation League, "The Ku Klux Klans: 1978" Facts, 24:1, March 1978; idem, "Extremism on the Right" (1983; idem, "Danger: Extremism," (1996), 10-11.

239 "Proof of Cointelpro Continuation," Crusader 28, December 1977, 12; "ADL Exposed!" Crusader 31, circa 1978, 4, Wilcox Collection of Social Protest Movement Materials, Spencer Library, University of Kansas, (Hereafter cited as RHWL), Folder G540.

240 Moore, “David Duke” in Rose ed., The Emergence of David Duke, 44-46; ADL, "The Ku Klux Klans: 1978" Facts, 24:1, March 1978; Julian Scher, White Hoods, Canada's Ku Klux Klan (Vancouver, 1983), 72; "The Klan Rides Again: Under a Modern Mask, Old Time Racism and Violence" Time 19 November 1979.

241 Robert Sherril, “A Look Inside the Invisible Empire,” New South, 23:2, Spring 1968.

242 Los Angeles to Director, 9/12/67.

243 New Orleans to Director, 2/27/70, Section 17, Cointelpro BNHG.

244 New Orleans to Director, 5/28/70, Section 19, Cointelpro BNHG.

245 “Klan to Meet in City’s Park,” New Orleans Times Picayune, 1 August 1973, 7.

246 Said faces were visible. “Klan Termed ‘Shock’,” NOTP 15 Aug 1973, 9.

247 “Charges Dropped Against 2 Suspects in Destrehan, LA. Case,” New Orleans Times Picayune, 2 November 1974, 26.

248 “United Klans of America Holds Rally in Covington LA.,” New Orleans Times-Picayune, 25 July 1976, 38.

249 “HEW Hits Snag On Klan Plan To Use La. School,” and “HEW To Rule On Ku Klux Klan Request To Use La. School Auditorium,” New Orleans Times-Picayune, 28 November 1976.

250 “Absence of Pomp, Regalia, Characterizes Klan Meeting,” New Orleans Times-Picayune, 14 August 1977, 16.

Directory: drabbs
drabbs -> Vigilantes murdered or attempted to murder forty-six blacks around Albany