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- No impact to disease- no empirical evidence and multiple other stressors also contribute
AT: DiseaseDrones failDrones fail – overheating, weather, and radar solvesScutti, 14 Susan Scutti, graduated from Yale, reporter for Medical Daily and contributes on occasion to Newsweek magazine. “Drones Track Spread Of Infectious Disease Through Ecological Pattern Recognition,” Medical Daily, 10/22/14, http://www.medicaldaily.com/drones-track-spread-infectious-disease-through-ecological-pattern-recognition-307687 // IS Along with real-time surveys, drones offer other benefits. Compared to satellites, UAVs sidestep cloud contamination and low spatial resolution, yet they similarly can produce “stereo” images used for 3D visualizations and generation of digital elevation models. However, UAVs also have limitations unkown to satellites; they cannot fly in all weather conditions, and high temperatures may cause them to overheat. Finally, drones are not yet capable of gathering data provided by remote-sensing methods such as radar. While scientists explore the benefits of UAVs, others lie awake at night worrying about their expanding use and what this means for nations. Impact defenseNo impact to disease – they either burn out or don’t spreadPosner 05 – Senior Lecturer at University of Chicago (Richard A, “Catastrophe: the dozen most significant catastrophic risks and what we can do about them.”, Winter, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_kmske/is_3_11/ai_n29167514/pg_2?tag=content;col1)//WL Yet the fact that Homo sapiens has managed to survive every disease to assail it in the 200,000 years or so of its existence is a source of genuine comfort, at least if the focus is on extinction events. There have been enormously destructive plagues, such as the Black Death, smallpox, and now AIDS, but none has come close to destroying the entire human race. There is a biological reason. Natural selection favors germs of limited lethality; they are fitter in an evolutionary sense because their genes are more likely to be spread if the germs do not kill their hosts too quickly. The AIDS virus is an example of a lethal virus, wholly natural, that by lying dormant yet infectious in its host for years maximizes its spread. Yet there is no danger that AIDS will destroy the entire human race. The likelihood of a natural pandemic that would cause the extinction of the human race is probably even less today than in the past (except in prehistoric times, when people lived in small, scattered bands, which would have limited the spread of disease), despite wider human contacts that make it more difficult to localize an infectious disease. The reason is improvements in medical science. But the comfort is a small one. Pandemics can still impose enormous losses and resist prevention and cure: the lesson of the AIDS pandemic. And there is always a lust time. No impact to disease- no empirical evidence and multiple other stressors also contributeMcCallum 12 [Hamish, PHD in infectious disease, Sept 2012, “Disease and the dynamics of extinction,” http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/367/1604/2828.full?cited-by=yes&legid=royptb;367/1604/2828, mm] For other historical extinctions that have been blamed on disease, evidence is much weaker. It has been suggested that disease was responsible for the most notorious of Australia's mammal extinctions, that of the thylacine or Tasmanian tiger Thylacinus cynocephalus. The suggestion was first made by Guiler [23], who claimed that the decline in thylacine scalps brought in through the then bounty programme (figure 2) was too rapid to have been a result of overhunting but was consistent with what might be observed as a result of epidemic disease. There were also some anecdotal records of a ‘distemper like’ disease among both thylacines [24] and other marsupial carnivores (dasyurids) [25]. Canine distemper certainly poses an extinction threat to some populations of placental carnivores [26,27] but I can find no published evidence to confirm that dasyurids are susceptible to canine distemper.¶ It is relatively unusual for infectious disease to be the sole cause of endangerment for a species [34]. In most cases, there will be multiple stressors contributing to decline, such as habitat destruction and fragmentation or overexploitation. Chytridiomycosis is unusual in that it has led to declines in frog species in otherwise pristine environments. Although there have been suggestions that climate change has been responsible for increasing the impact of the disease in central and South America [118], this hypothesis has not stood up to detailed analysis [119]. Tasmanian DFTD is threatening a species that, until the appearance of disease, appeared to be secure and increasing in numbers. However, extremely low genetic diversity, possibly as a result of a previous selective sweep [47,73], has predisposed the species to be susceptible to an allograft.¶ Loss of genetic diversity and pathogen pollution are increasing, with concomitant increase in risk of novel disease threats. The effects of anthropogenic climate change on infectious diseases are complex [120], but climate change is likely to lead to disease emergence in at least some cases [121], including through host range shifts and changes in migration patterns [122]. While approaches to address these threats are being developed, the range of tools currently available is limited. There is an urgent need both to address the factors likely to cause disease emergence in wildlife populations and to develop new approaches to manage the disease threats to biodiversity that will inevitably arise in the future. 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