Zero Point Energy doc
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- General Relativity
| Minkowski Space-Time The concept of "space-time" was first developed by Minkowski in 1908 for use with the Special Theory of Relativity. In this first incarnation, Minkowski pointed out that the mathematical equations maybe written in a shorthand form by regarding time and the three physical coordinates as four coordinates in a four-dimensional space, called "space-time." ZP OWER C ORPORATION PAGE OF 352 Z ERO P OINT E NERGY In an inertial, cartesian reference frame a pulse of light emitted at time t=t0 and location xx, y = y, and z = z will be noted at a point x, y, z, t given by the equation {eq 4.2 An Introduction to Tensor Calculus, Relativity and Cosmology, D Lawden, 1975, Wiley and Sons This equation describes an expanding spherical shell for the light pulse. A shorthand version of this equation was developed by Minkowski by the use of the mathematical device of setting x = x, y = x, z = x, and ict = x where i = SqrRoot (-1) The standard Minkowski space-time is given as {eq. 4.5, An Introduction to Tensor Calculus, Relativity and Cosmology, D Lawden, 1975, Wiley and Sons General Relativity Einstein's "field" equations maybe written in the tensor form In this form, Ga is the "Einstein Tensor, Lambda is the "cosmological constant" (usually set to zero, g is the "metric" tensor, k is a constant set top, and Ta is the "stress-energy tensor" This form is actually shorthand notation for ten coupled differential equations Equation 8.7, A first course in general relativity, Schutz, Cambridge University Press, 1990}. The value of pis obtained by demanding that Einstein's equations predict the correct behavior of planets in the solar system -- the Newtonian Limit ibid, p. The claim is currently made that the mathematics of General Relativity requires the curvature of space. The question "How" is answered with "It just does" The question of why the object travels the shortest path in curved space is also not addressed. General Relativity can give no answer because these are the basic postulates of the theory. The differences in the concepts between General Relativity and Newtonian gravity are Newtonian Mass (somehow) causes a gravitational force which causes true acceleration. Einsteinian: Mass (somehow) causes a warping of space which results in apparent acceleration. But the description of causation as a curvature of space is not sufficient to encompass what else General Relativity includes. If spacial curvature were all there were to General Relativity, there would be no difference in calculations between General Relativity and Newtonian gravity. General Relativity also imposes superfluid equations onto gravitational relationships. The imposition of superfluid equations has a very significant effect the speed of propagation of gravity is thereby made finite. The finite transmission speed (and related |