482. After the Civil War, the only railroad operating in Georgia was the

A. Georgia Pacific Railroad. B. Norfolk and Western Railroad.

C. Western and Atlantic Railroad. D. Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.
483. After the Civil War, which business was NOT revived by the increased production of cotton?

A. shipping B. importing C. dry goods D. manufacturing

A. Georgia had plenty of cotton, abundant land and water, and inexpensive labor to supply and operate textile mills.

B. Georgia had plenty of railroads and major seaports for transporting cotton and textile products when the Civil War ended.

C. Georgia was one of the few southern states to retain capital (cash money and investments) after the Civil War.

D. Georgia was one of the few southern states to avoid violence and terrorism after the war ended.
485. What important contribution did the Grange movement make in Georgia?

A. It organized purchasing co-ops for farmers.

B. It pressured the state legislature to form a Department of Agriculture.

C. It forced railroads to lower freight rates and banks to lower farm loan rates.

D. It showed new equipment and providing training to farmers in the newest techniques.
486. Which were major Georgia industries in the New South era?

A. textiles, forest products, and mining B. farming, textile mills, and naval stores

C. cotton, textiles, naval stores, and kaolin D. rice, indigo, row crops, and forest products
487. Which statement BEST explains the growth of Georgia’s textile industry during the late 1800s?

A. Georgia had abundant water resources to provide power for textile mills.

B. Georgia had abundant supplies of the two essential raw materials for textiles — cotton and wood.

C. Georgia had water resources, a network of railroad lines, a supply of cotton, and coastal seaports.

D. Georgia had a strong educational system, which trained workers with special skills and expertise in textiles.
488. Which statement does NOT describe an economic benefit of Georgia’s extensive forest resources?

A. Forest products created sawmills, which served as the basis for new communities and offered employment for many.

B. Pine forests were used in the production of naval stores such as turpentine, pitch, and tar.

C. Coastal hardwood forests provided abundant timber for shipbuilding industries.

D. Trees were turned into lumber for building and making furniture.
489. Which change did NOT benefit Georgia’s economic reconstruction?

A. the construction of new railroad lines

B. the opening of coastal seaports to handle imports and exports

C. the repeated growth of cotton and tobacco crops year after year

D. the reopening of banks capable of loaning money to farmers, businesses, and merchants
490. What was the major crop produced in Georgia when Reconstruction ended?

A. cotton B. indigo C. naval stores D. rice

A. glass B. mining C. textiles D. timber

A. provide separate facilities for different races. B. maintain its southern heritage.

C. rival the North economically. D. promote tourism.
493. What group was supported by Tom Watson, a Georgia populist?

A. farmers B. mill workers C. miners D. railroad workers

A. a voting bill for women B. the Rural Free Delivery bill

C. a bill to provide meat inspections D. a bill to increase the minimum wage
495. Which statement BEST explains why the term “Bourbon Triumvirate” was most appropriate for Joseph Brown, Alfred Colquitt, and John Gordon?

A. The three men ruled the state consecutively for a period of over thirty years.

B. The three men shared a strong belief in white supremacy or white superiority.

C. The three men were political rulers drawn together by power and political goals.

D. The three men were known for excessive business practices and high profit motives.
496. Rebecca Latimer Felton did NOT support the

A. educational reform movement. B. temperance movement.

C. suffrage movement. D. convict lease system.
497. Joseph Brown, a member of the Bourbon Triumvirate, did NOT support

A. increasing the number of industries in the South. B. creating stronger economic ties to the North.

C. white supremacy. D. states’ rights.
498. The Bourbon Triumvirate believed in

A. lower taxes. B. improving working conditions.

C. economic assistance for the poor. D. expansion of educational opportunities.
499. Which is NOT an accomplishment of Henry Grady?

A. He increased the circulation of the Atlanta Constitution. B. He helped plan the International Cotton Exposition.

C. He served as governor of Georgia. D. He helped establish Georgia Tech.
500. What was the main purpose of the International Cotton Exposition that was held in Atlanta?

A. It was to showcase the industries of the New South. B. It was to get ideas from foreign countries.

C. It was to showcase the cotton gin. D. It was to bring visitors to Atlanta.
501. Which description most clearly reflects the meaning of the phrase “New South?”

A. The South began to change in the areas of business, industrialization, agriculture, race relations, and social change.

B. The South showed a new economic growth and prosperity after the Reconstruction and Redemption periods.

C. The South reflected new ways of thinking and made huge strides in social, cultural, economic, and political areas.

D. The South moved away from agriculture and began to develop new industries to compete with the North.
502. Which description BEST explains how the Bourbon Triumvirate might have described the Redemption period?

A. A time for black and white southerners to come together and work in harmony to rebuild the state’s economic, social, and political systems

B. A blending of the new and the old, keeping old southern traditions while building new traditions around industries to rival the North

C. A New South Progressive era when farms had to be replaced by business and industry in order for the South to prosper

D. A time for social, economic, and political reforms to ease the suffering caused by the war
503. What Georgia leader coined the phrase “New South?”

A. Alfred H. Colquitt B. Rebecca Latimer Felton C. John B. Gordon D. Henry W. Grady

A. government could correct the ills of society.

B. individual citizens could work to improve social problems.

C. business and the free enterprise system could best improve society.

D. progress could only be made if people in the private business sector were left alone.

505. The progressive movement grew out of changes in

A. industry and agriculture. B. housing and voting rights.

C. prohibition and working hours. D. political beliefs and corporations.
506. Who first used the term muckraker to describe journalists whose writing called for reforms during the Progressive Era?

A. John D. Rockefeller B. Theodore Roosevelt C. Upton Sinclair D. Ida Tarbell

A. voting laws. B. race relations. C. the prison system. D. working conditions.

A. 8-hour workday B. Australian ballot

C. graduated income tax D. private ownership of railroads
The song “The Mill Mother’s Lament,” written by Ella May Wiggins, illustrates problems of

industrialization in the late 1800s. Read the words of the song and then answer Questions 509-510.
We leave our homes in the morning,

We kiss our children good-bye,

While we slave for the bosses,

Our children scream and cry.

And when we draw our money,

Our grocery bills to pay,

Not a cent to spend for clothing

Not a cent to lay away.

And on that very evening

Our little son will say:

“I need some shoes, mother,

And so does sister May.”

How it grieves the heart of a mother,

You and everyone must know:

But we can’t buy for our children,

Our wages are too low.
509. To what issue did “The Mill Mother’s Lament” draw attention?

A. low wages B. child labor C. women working D. the high cost of food

A. food B. housing C. clothing D. child care

A. mistrial. B. hung jury. C. lynching. D. death sentence.

A. Columbus. B. Leo Frank. C. Mary Phagan. D. Stone Mountain.

A. the larger counties to have more power than the smaller ones.

B. a candidate to carry the most populated counties but lose the election.

C. a candidate to be elected only if he or she had a majority of the popular vote.

D. a candidate to carry only the most populated counties in order to win the election.
514. Who benefited from the county unit system?

A. cities B. rural areas C. metro regions D. heavily populated counties

A. It was easy to buy votes.

B. It was difficult to administer.

C. It allowed people to be elected without a majority of the popular vote.

D. It allowed less populated areas to have the same political power as larger populated areas.
Use the political cartoon that follows to answer Questions 516-517.
516. What is the subject of the political cartoon?

A. Rosa Parks’s meeting with a United States senator. B. Carrie Nation’s testimony before the U.S. Congress

C. a recognition ceremony for widows of World War I. D. Rebecca Latimer Felton serving as a United States senator
517. Which clue helps to identify the content of the political cartoon?

A. clothing that the two people are wearing B. the name of one of the people pictured

C. the desk and table in the cartoon D. the gentleman’s greeting
518. The immediate cause of the riot that occurred in Atlanta in 1906 was the

A. the killing of a black family.

B. blacks being denied the right to vote.

C. the election of Hoke Smith as governor.

D. stories of black violence against whites in the Atlanta newspapers.
519. How long did the Atlanta riot of 1906 last?

A. 12 hours B. 18 hours C. 24 hours D. 48 hours

A. five blacks were executed B. at least eighteen blacks were killed

C. downtown Atlanta was set on fire D. the president sent in the national guard
521. What happened to Leo Frank after his trial?

A. He was sentenced and put to death. B. He was taken from jail and lynched.

C. He spent the rest of his life in prison. D. He was found guilty, but was later freed.
522. What was the “bridge” that linked the New South and the Progressive Era?

A. 16th Amendment B. 17th Amendment C. 18th Amendment D. 19th Amendment

A. Smith-Lever Act B. Neill Primary Act C. Smith-Hughes Act D. Smith-Watson Act

A. Grange and Farmers’ Alliance B. Australian party and Democrats

C. People’s party and Republicans D. Farmers’ Alliance and labor unions
525. Jim Crow laws did NOT result in separate

A. schools. B. churches. C. restrooms. D. waiting rooms.

A. Blacks could be denied the right to vote. B. Segregated facilities must be equal.

C. Blacks and whites were equal. D. Schools must be integrated.
527. What became legal under Plessy v. Ferguson?

A. Blacks and whites could have separate schools.

B. Blacks and whites could attend the same schools.

C. Blacks and whites could be admitted to the same hospital.

D. Blacks and whites could drink from the same water fountain.
528. Plessy v. Ferguson gave states the right to promote

A. equal rights. B. segregation. C. terrorist attacks. D. voting rights for blacks.

A. 13th Amendment B. 14th Amendment C. 15th Amendment D. 16th Amendment

A. 13th Amendment B. 14th Amendment C. 18th Amendment D. 19th Amendment

A. it was the only seat available.

B. he wanted the comfortable seats there.

C. he wanted to sit with his traveling companions.

D. he wanted to test the legality of a law requiring separate-but-equal facilities.
532. What Georgia case tested the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson?

A. Roe v. Wade B. Worcester v. Georgia

C. Brown v. Board of Education D. Cummings v. Richmond County Board of Education
533. The ruling in Cummings v. Richmond County Board of Education stated that

A. African Americans had the right to be educated only through the eighth grade.

B. African Americans should attend the same schools as white students.

C. Closing a high school serving 60 black students was against the law.

D. Closing the white high school violated the separate-but-equal policy.
534. Who cast the single dissenting vote in Plessy v. Ferguson?

A. John Marshall Harlan B. John Marshall C. Thurgood Marshall D. Sandra Day O’Connor

A. poll tax B. grandfather clause C. gerrymandering D. eligibility clause

A. literacy test B. party affiliation C. identification number D. residency requirement