An Android based Smart Wheelchair
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- LITERATURE SURVEY
- TECHNIQUES USED TO HANDLE WHEEL CHAIR
- Acknowledgment
- CONCLUSION
- References
International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 1, Issue 1, August 2013 ISSN 2091-2730    An Android based Smart Wheelchair
Prof. Madhuri Gawali, Poonam Patole, Sampada Joshi, Swapnil Raut, Chandrakant Khartode 1#- Dept. of Information Technology, JSCOE, Hadapsar, Pune, India sampadajoshi5@gmail.com 9096014113 Abstract— In the world there are many problems occur like accident, age and health problems for that there are many sensing techniques are existed already. To help people with overcoming such defects, the intelligent wheelchair system which we will have implementing such system uses triple control for navigation in familiar environments. In this system there are three modes of input control to the wheelchair that are Voice recognition, Touch Screen and Accelerometer. Touch screen sensor is modeled for moving in different direction by pressing finger on touch pad for moving commands. With the help of Voice command technique people can also move intelligent chair in different direction using voice controller. One way to measure a tilt angle with referencing to the earth ground plane, ease to use an Accelerometer.Thus we plan to develop android App for combining all the features will access and controlled easily. In these systems Bluetooth specification is very important aspect for controlling transmission of data between android model, micro controller and its attached devices. Thus we plan to increase the accuracy of the touch screen, voice recognition technique and accelerometer. Keywords— AVR Microcontroller, Touch Screen, Wheelchairs, Bluetooth Controller, Android App. introductionThe intelligent wheelchair system uses trial control for navigation in familiar environments. The three modes of input control to the wheelchair are voice recognition, accelerometer and touch screen. When one want to change the direction, the touch screen sensor is modeled by pressing finger against the various quadrants on the touch screen, which has different values programmed for different direction. This can also be controlled using simple voice commands using voice controller. By storing a single letter in voice command kit for each direction control, the recognition time is reduced drastically and thus quick reach to destination is obtained and third input is accelerometer. It enables an economic assembly in any existing wheelchair that enables a smart system for different motion which can be controlled by any Smartphone. the concept particularly mentions Smartphone which covers device like any android powered mobile phone which have inbuilt accelerometer and Bluetooth wireless technology a break control switch is provided to avoid collision .to achieve the movement of all directions in the wheelchair, microcontroller is coded with a range of digital values. LITERATURE SURVEY
TECHNIQUES USED TO HANDLE WHEEL CHAIR
The voice recognition IC HM2007 is capable of operating in speaker independent mode. Initially, the voice is recorded to the external SRAM attached to the IC with the help of a directly connected microphone at the analog input terminal of the HM2007 IC. Once these letters are stored in the SRAM, the system is trained to obtain accuracy for each direction coded into the microcontroller. After training, when the subject spells the recorded letter through the microphone, the speech through the microphone is compared with the recorded voice and according to that digital output is generated. Then output of voice recognition IC is then fed to the digital input ports of the PIC micro controller.
The touch screen used in this proposed system is a 5-wire resistive type. A power supply of 5V is given to the touch screen. This touch screen is divided into 6 quadrants. The 4 quadrants in the corner are used to specify the directions like Left, Right, Front and Back. The two quadrants in the centre are used to control the speed of the wheelchair. The four quadrants that are used to specify the direction is assigned a range of digital values coded with the help of a PIC microcontroller. The following are the ranges specified for each direction: Back- 20 to 30; Front- 40 to 50; Right- 80 to 90; Left- 110 to 120. These values are sensed on the touch screen when the user presses the finger against the particular quadrant in it.
HC-05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module. It’s designed for transparent wireless serial connection setup. Serial port Bluetooth module is qualified Bluetooth V2.0+(Enhanced Data Rate) 3Mbps Modulation with complete 2.4GHz radio transceiver and baseband. It uses different CSR Bluecore 04 External single chip Bluetooth system with CMOS technology and with Adaptive Frequency Hopping Feature. It’s the footprint as small as 12.7mmx27mm.It will simplify your overall design/development cycle. HC-05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module. It’s designed for transparent wireless serial connection setup. Serial port Bluetooth module is qualified Bluetooth V2.0+(Enhanced Data Rate) 3Mbps Modulation with complete 2.4GHz radio transceiver and baseband. It uses different CSR Bluecore 04- External single chip Bluetooth system with CMOS technology and with Adaptive Frequency Hopping Feature. It’s the footprint as small as 12.7mmx27mm.It will simplify your overall design/development cycle. 
Fig: Bluetooth (HC-05)
Accelerometer is an important input device to many software applications. Android reports accelerometer values in absolute terms. The values reported are always the data from the physical sensor adjusted to so that all devices report such data in the same fashion. Android does not transform accelerometer data to be relative to the device orientation. Applications requiring this must perform their own transformations. Where screen-relative results are desired, the accelerometer values must be rotated according to the display orientation returned by the Android API’s getOrientation() or getRotation() functions. Both functions return the same values, but the former is a deprecated usage. 
Fig: Phone device Accelerometer
ATmega32 is an 8-bit high performance microcontroller of Atmels Mega AVR family. Atmega 32 is based on enhanced RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) architecture with 131 instructions. Most of the instructions execute in one machine cycle. Atmega32 can work on a maximum frequency of 16MHz. 
Fig: Microcontroller (ATmega32)
L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit(IC).Motor drivers act as current amplifiers since they take the low current signal and provide a higher-current signal. This higher current signal is used for drive the motors. L293D contains inbuilt H-bridge driver circuits. Its common mode of operation, two DC motors can be driven simultaneously; both are in forward direction and reverse direction. The operations of two motors can be controlled by input logic pins 2 7 and 10 15. Input logic 00 or 11 will stop the motor. Logic 01 and 10 will be rotate in the clockwise and Anticlockwise directions. 
Fig: L293D(DC Motor Driver) METHODOLOGY Mathematical Model:- Module 1:- User Validation Upload File To Database let S= fUser, Sen , Dev , Th , Adc values , Acc values , Voice cmd, Cmd , Fg where,
User=user1,user2,˙.... user i It is finite set of users of system. Sen= Sen 1,Sen 2, Sen i It is finite set of Sensors. Dev= Dev 1, Dev 2,.. Dev i It is finite set of Devices. Th= Th 1, Th 2,. Th i It is finite set of Threshold values. Adcvalue= Adcvalue 1, Adcvalue 2, Adcvalue i It is finite set of Sensor values. Accvalues= Accvalues 1, Accvalues 2, Accvalues i It is set of values grabbed by accsensor: Voice cmd = Voicecmd1; Voicecmd2; Voicecmdi; It is set of commands given by user to operate chair in voice command: Cmd = Cmd1;Cmd2; :: Cmdi It is set of another commands: F = grab sensor values, apply threshold, Control device(); grabaccvalues(); voiceinput(); applyvoicecmd(); applytouchcmd(): Where,
Adc value i=grab sensor values(sen i) This function will read the values(0-255) of particular sensor. Yes/No= apply threshold(Adc values I,Th i) It checks if sensor values crosses the threshold range. Control device(Dev I,ON/OFF) Acc values i= grab acc values() Return accelerometer x,y,z values. Voice cmd= voice input() Detect the voice input given by user. apply voice cmd(voice,cmd i) The voice commands operate on Hardware. apply touch cmd(cmd i) Apply the normal=touch mode commands.
The intelligent wheelchair system uses triple control for navigation in familiar environments. The three modes of input control to the wheelchair are voice recognition, accelerometer and touch screen. When one want to change the direction, the touch screen sensor is modeled by pressing finger against the various quadrants on the touch screen, which has different values programmed for different direction. This can also be controlled using simple voice commands using voice controller. By storing a single letter in voice command kit for each direction control, the recognition time is reduced drastically and thus quick reach to destination is obtained and third input is accelerometer.. It enables an economic assembly in any existing wheelchair that enables a smart system for diggerent motion which can be controlled by any Smartphone. The concept particularly mentions Smartphone which covers device like any android powered mobile phone which have inbuilt accelerometer and Bluetooth wireless technology A break control switch is provided to avoid collision .To achieve the movement of all directions in the wheelchair, microcontroller is coded with a range of digital values. 
Fig: Proposed Architecture
Fig: Flowchart of Proposed system AcknowledgmentWe take this opportunity to thank our guide Prof. M.K.GAWALI and Head of the Department Prof. S.V.TODKARI and Principal Prof .Dr.M.G.JADHAV for their valuable guidance and for providing all the necessary facilities, which were indispensable in the completion of this project report. We are also thankful to all the staff members of the Department of Information Technology of Jaywantrao Sawant College of Engineering Hadapsar, Pune for their valuable time, support, comments, suggestions and persuasion. We would also like to thank the institute for providing the required facilities, Internet access and important books. CONCLUSIONThe overall objective of this paper is to study different d techniques available to handle the smart wheelchair .The android based smart wheelchair system is designed for handicap people. to achieve the movement of all directions using this system the handicap people doesn’t depends on other people.the handicap people will use this system very smartly and effectively.there are three modes of inputs to control the wheelchair are voice recognition,accelerometer and touch screen.this system particularly mentions android smartphone which consists devices like accelerometer and bluetooth wireless technology. Also it uses break control mechanism which avoid collision. References
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