An Introduction to the World’s Oceans, 8/e
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- Navigate this page:
- Chapter 2 The Water Planet
- Chapter 3 Plate Tectonics
- Chapter 4 The Sea Floor and Its Sediments
- Chapter 5 The Physical Properties of Water
- Chapter 7 The Structure and Motion of the Atmosphere
- Chapter 8 Circulation and Ocean Structure
- Chapter 9 The Surface Currents
- Chapter 12 Coasts, Beaches, and Estuaries
- Chapter 13 Environmental Issues and Concerns
- Chapter 14 The Living Ocean
- Chapter 15 Production and Life
- Chapter 16 The Plankton: Drifters of the Open Ocean
- Chapter 17 The Nekton: Free Swimmers of the Sea
- Chapter 18 The Benthos: Dwellers of the Sea Floor
An Introduction to the World’s Oceans, 8/eBy Sverdrup/Duxbury/Duxbury ContentsChapter 1 The History of OceanographyThe Early Times The Middle Ages Voyages of Discovery The Beginnings of Earth Science The Importance of Charts and Navigational Information Boxed Reading: Marine Archaeology Ocean Science Begins The Challenger Expedition Oceanography as Science Oceanography in the Twentieth Century Field Notes box: Planning and Executing a Successful Oceanographic Expedition 1.10 The Recent Past, the Present, and the Future of Oceanography Summary
Origin of the Universe Origin of Our Solar System Extraterrestrial Oceans Early Planet Earth Boxed Reading: Origin of the Oceans 2.2 Age and Time Age of Earth Geologic Time Natural Time Periods 2.3 Shape of Earth 2.4 Location Systems Latitude and Longitude Chart Projections Measuring Latitude Longitude and Time 2.5 Modern Navigational Techniques 2.6 Earth: The Water Planet Water on Earth’s Surface Hydrologic Cycle Reservoirs and Residence Time Distribution of Land and Water Hypsographic Curve Summary
3.1 Interior of Earth Investigating Earth’s Structure Internal Layers 3.2 Lithosphere and Asthenosphere The Layers Isostasy
3.3 Movement of Continents History of a Theory: Continental Drift Evidence for a New Theory: Seafloor Spreading Evidence for Crustal Motion Polar Wandering Curves 3.4 Plate Tectonics Plates and Their Boundaries Divergent Boundaries Transform Boundaries Convergent Boundaries Continental Margins 3.5 Motion of the Plates Mechanisms of Motion Field Notes box: Exploring the Oceans on Earth and Elsewhere Rates of Motion Hot Spots 3.6 History of the Continents The Breakup of Pangaea Before Pangaea Terranes
3.7 Research Projects and Plans Project FAMOUS Seafloor Spreading and Hydrothermal Vents Boxed Reading: Recovery of Black Smokers Hydrothermal Vent Communities The Ocean Drilling Program Summary
Boxed Reading: Bathymetrics 4.2 Bathymetry of the Sea Floor Continental Margin Ocean Basin Floor Field Notes box: Giant Hawaiian Landslides Ridges, Rises, and Trenches 4.3 Sediments Particle Size Location
Rates of Deposit Source and Chemistry Patterns of Deposit on the Sea Floor Formation of Rock Sampling Methods Sediments as Historical Records 4.4 Seabed Resources Sand and Gravel Phosphorite Sulfur
Coal Oil and Gas Gas Hydrates Manganese Nodules Sulfide Mineral Deposits Laws and Treaties Summary
5.2 Temperature and Heat 5.3 Changes of State 5.4 Heat Capacity 5.5 Cohesion, Surface Tension, and Viscosity 5.6 Density The Effect of Pressure The Effect of Temperature The Effect of Salt 5.7 Dissolving Ability 5.8 Transmission of Energy Heat
Light Sound
Boxed Reading: Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate 5.9 Ice and Fog Sea Ice Icebergs
Fog Boxed Reading: Green Icebergs Summary
6.1 The pH of Seawater 6.2 Salts Units of Concentration Ocean Salinities Dissolved Salts Sources of Salt Regulating the Salt Balance Residence Time Constant Proportion Determining Salinity 6.3 Gases Distribution with Depth The Carbon Dioxide Cycle The Oxygen Balance Measuring the Gases 6.4 Other Substances Nutrients Organics Boxed Reading: Messages in Polar Ice 6.5 Practical Considerations: Salt and Water Chemical Resources Desalination Summary
Chapter 7 The Structure and Motion of the Atmosphere7.1 Heating and Cooling Earth’s Surface Distribution of Solar Radiation Heat Budget Annual Cycles of Solar Radiation Heat Capacity 7.2 The Atmosphere Structure of the Atmosphere Composition of Air Atmospheric Pressure 7.3 Greenhouse Gases Carbon Dioxide and Greenhouse Effect The Ozone Problem 7.4 The Role of Sulfur Compounds 7.5 The Atmosphere in Motion Winds on a Nonrotating Earth The Effects of Rotation Boxed Reading: Ship Emissions Wind Bands 7.6 Modifying the Wind Bands Seasonal Changes Boxed Reading: Clouds and Climate The Monsoon Effect Jet Streams 7.7 Hurricanes 7.8 El Niño–Southern Oscillation 7.9 Practical Considerations: Storm Tides and Storm Surges Summary
Chapter 8 Circulation and Ocean Structure8.1 Density Structure Surface Processes Changes with Depth Density-Driven Circulation 8.2 Upwelling and Downwelling 8.3 The Layered Oceans The Atlantic Ocean The Pacific Ocean The Indian Ocean Comparing the Major Oceans The Arctic Ocean Boxed Reading: Arctic Ocean Studies Bordering Seas Internal Mixing 8.4 Measurement Techniques 8.5 Practical Considerations: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Boxed Reading: Ocean Gliders Summary
Chapter 9 The Surface Currents9.1 Surface Currents The Ekman Spiral and Ekman Transport Ocean Gyres Geostrophic Flow 9.2 Wind-Driven Ocean Currents Pacific Ocean Currents Atlantic Ocean Currents Indian Ocean Currents Arctic Ocean Currents 9.3 Current Flow Current Speed Western Intensification 9.4 Eddies 9.5 Convergence and Divergence Langmuir Cells Permanent Zones Boxed Reading: Ocean Drifters Seasonal Zones 9.6 Changing Circulation Patterns Global Currents North Pacific Oscillations North Atlantic Oscillations 9.7 Measuring the Currents 9.8 Practical Considerations: Energy from the Currents Summary
Chapter 10 The Waves10.1 How a Wave Begins 10.2 Anatomy of a Wave 10.3 Wave Motion 10.4 Wave Speed 10.5 Deep-Water Waves Storm Centers Dispersion Group Speed Wave Interaction 10.6 Wave Height Episodic Waves Wave Energy Wave Steepness Universal Sea State Code 10.7 Shallow-Water Waves Refraction Reflection Diffraction Navigation from Wave Direction 10.8 The Surf Zone Breakers Water Transport Energy Release 10.9 Tsunami Boxed Reading: Tsunami Warning Systems 10.10 Internal Waves 10.11 Standing Waves 10.12 Practical Considerations: Energy from Waves Summary
Chapter 11 The Tides11.1 Tide Patterns 11.2 Tide Levels 11.3 Tidal Currents 11.4 Equilibrium Tidal Theory The Moon Tide The Tidal Day The Tide Wave The Sun Tide Spring Tides and Neap Tides Declinational Tides Elliptical Orbits 11.5 Dynamic Tidal Analysis The Tide Wave Progressive Wave Tides Standing Wave Tides Tide Waves in Narrow Basins 11.6 Tidal Bores 11.7 Predicting Tides and Tidal Currents Tide Tables Boxed Reading: Measuring Tides from Space Tidal Current Tables 11.8 Practical Considerations: Energy from Tides Summary
12.2 Types of Coasts Primary Coasts Secondary Coasts 12.3 Anatomy of a Beach 12.4 Beach Dynamics Natural Processes Coastal Circulation 12.5 Beach Types 12.6 Modifying Beaches Coastal Structures Boxed Reading: National Marine Sanctuaries The Santa Barbara Story The History of Ediz Hook 12.7 Estuaries Types of Estuaries Circulation of Patterns Temperate-Zone Estuaries 12.8 High Evaporation Rates Boxed Reading: Rising Sea Level 12.9 Flushing Time 12.10 Practical Considerations: Case Histories The Development of San Francisco Bay The Situation in Chesapeake Bay Summary
Solid Waste Dumping Sewage Effluent Toxicants 13.2 Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone 13.3 Plastic Trash 13.4 Ocean Waste Management Proposals 13.5 Oil Spills 13.6 Marine Wetlands Boxed Reading: Spartina: Valuable and Productive or Invasive and Destructive? 13.7 Biological Invaders Field Notes box: Ecological Nowcasting of Sea Nettles in Chesapeake Bay 13.8 Overfishing and Incidental Catch 13.9 Afterthoughts Summary
14.2 Groups of Organisms 14.3 Environmental Zones 14.4 Facts of Ocean Life Buoyancy, Flotation, and Viscosity Salinity and Osmosis Temperature Pressure
Gases Nutrients Light and Color Circulation Patterns 14.5 Bottom Environments 14.6 Close Associations 14.7 Barriers and Boundaries 14.8 Practical Considerations: Modification and Mitigation Boxed Reading: Biodiversity in the Oceans Summary
Chapter 15 Production and Life15.1 Primary Production Gross and Net Standing Crop 15.2 Controls on Primary Production Light Nutrients Nutrient Cycles 15.3 Global Primary Production 15.4 Measuring Primary Production Direct Methods Remote Methods 15.5 Total Production Food Chains and Food Webs Trophic Pyramids Other Photosynthetic Systems Primary Production and Chemosynthesis 15.6 Practical Considerations: Human Concerns Boxed Reading: CalCOFI – Fifty Years of Coastal Ocean Data Summary
Phytoplankton Zooplankton 16.2 Bacteria and Archaea The Microbial Loop 16.3 Viruses 16.4 Classification Summary of the Plankton 16.5 Sampling the Plankton Boxed Reading: Discovery of the Role of Picoplankton 16.6 Practical Considerations: Marine Toxins Harmful Algal Blooms
Ciguatera Poisoning Toxic Diatom Blooms Cholera
Boxed Reading: Extremophiles Summary
Chapter 17 The Nekton: Free Swimmers of the Sea17.1 Mammals Whales and Whaling Dolphins and Porpoises Seals and Sea Lions Boxed Reading: Whale Falls Sea Otters Walrus Sea Cows
Polar Bears Marine Mammal Protection Act Communication 17.2 Marine Birds 17.3 Marine Reptiles Sea Snakes Sea Turtles 17.4 Squid 17.5 Fish Sharks and Rays Commercial Species of Bony Fish Deep-Sea Species of Bony Fish 17.6 Classification Summary of the Nekton 17.7 Practical Considerations: Commercial Fisheries Anchovies Tuna
Salmon Atlantic Cod Sharks Fish Farming Field Notes box: Biofouling Summary
Chapter 18 The Benthos: Dwellers of the Sea Floor18.1 Algae and Plants General Characteristics of Benthic Algae Kinds of Seaweeds Other Marine Plant Communities 18.2 Animals Animals of the Rocky Shore Tide Pools Animals of the Soft Substrates Animals of the Deep-Sea Floor Fouling and Boring Organisms 18.3 Classification Summary of the Benthos 18.4 High-Energy Environments 18.5 Coral Reefs Tropical Corals Tropical Coral Reefs Coral Bleaching Predation and Disease Human Activities Deep-Water Corals 18.6 Deep-Ocean Chemosynthetic Communities Hot Vents Cold Seeps Boxed Reading: Deep-Sea Ice Worms 18.7 Sampling the Benthos 18.8 Practical Considerations: Harvesting the Benthos The Animals The Algae Biomedical Products Boxed Reading: Genetic Manipulation of Fish and Shellfish Summary
Appendix B SI Units Appendix C Equations and Quantitative Relationships Glossary IndexDirectory: sites sites -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 sites -> 587 Return function, r i(X) r i(0) r i(1) r i(2) r i(3) 1 0 2 4 6 Thermal Station, I 2 0 1 5 6 3 0 3 5 6 10 sites -> Glossary for Chapter 1 Algorithm sites -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose sites -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations sites -> Physical custody of 1033 program property accountibility form statement of Physical Custody: By signing for the below 1033 property I am a Law Enforcement Officer of the aforementioned Law Enforcement Agency sites -> Nstructions for Acquiring Excess Equipment online, through the 1033 Program sites -> Memorandum of agreement Download 66.03 Kb. Share with your friends:
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