Part II: Short Answer Questions

1. A. Briefly explain TWO effects the trade network above had on European societies during the seventeenth century.

B. Briefly explain ONE effect the trade network above had on a non-European society during the seventeenth century.

Use the passage below and your knowledge of European history to answer all parts of the question that follows:

“One of the greatest afflictions of a king is when his people are torn apart, as when in one house the children against the wish of their father are banded together one against the other….so the war is entirely contrary to the establishment of prper order and the increase of your grandeur…..Your Majesty will be aware that we by no means approve of the so called reformed religion, but…..the cinders of the fire of this so overwhelmed kingdom are still so hot that it is impossible to hold them in your hand without burning your fingers….We beseech you, Sire, very humbly to believe that whoever desires this civil war is ungodly, and to take notice of two maxims: the first, that the peace of your subjects lies in the union of your princes; and the other, that violence eventually leads only to self-destruction.”

-Petition of nobles to the King of France, 1577

2. A. Briefly identify and describe all ONE cause of the conflict discussed in the petition

B. Briefly identify and describe ONE result of the conflict discussed in the petition

C. Briefly identify and discuss how one country in early modern Europe other than France dealt with the type of

1. A. Briefly analyze what advances of navigation led to continuing exploration to the “New World” from the mid-

fifteenth to the mid-seventeenth century.

B. Based on the map and your knowledge of European history, briefly analyze TWO factors that account for continued European exploration of the “New World” from the mid-fifteenth to the mid-seventeenth century.

Use the passage below and your knowledge of European history to answer all parts of the question that follows:

“It was not a conflict among European powers, not even an acute controversy between emperor and the princes of the Empire or among these princes themselves that led to the outbreak of the long war that lived in the memory of the German people as the “Great War” and in the books of the historians as the Thirty Years’ War. Rather, it was a struggle between the estates and the monarchy in the territories of the Habsburg Dynasty which set fire to all of Germany and the European continent. Without the grave crisis in the constitutional life of the Empire, the weakness of the German states, and the ambitions of the great powers of Europe, the events that occurred in Bohemia could not have developed into a disaster from which Germany was to emerge crippled and mutilated.

2. A. Briefly identify and describe ONE piece of evidence that would support the cause of the Thirty Years’ War suggested above