Arrays are one of the most basic and widely used data structures in computer science. They provide a way to organize and store elements of the same data type in contiguous memory locations.
In a spreadsheet application like Microsoft Excel, each cell is identified by a combination of row and column indices.
Arrays are commonly used to implement lists or tables of data. For example, a list of students' names, a table of employee salaries, or a list of high scores in a game can all be represented using arrays.
STACK
Expression Evaluation:
Stacks are employed in the evaluation of mathematical expressions. They help in managing the order of operations and tracking operands and operators.
Undo Mechanisms:
Stacks are used to implement the "Undo" feature in various applications, such as text editors and graphic design software. Each action performed is pushed onto the stack, and the "Undo" operation pops the last action to revert changes.
Expression Conversion:
Stacks are used in converting infix expressions to postfix or prefix notation
QUEUE
Task Scheduling:
Operating systems often use queues to manage tasks and processes..
Queues are used in call centers to manage incoming calls. Calls are placed in a queue, and agents attend to them in the order they arrived.
LINKED LIST
Graph Representation:
Linked lists are used to represent adjacency lists in graph data structures.
LRU (Least Recently Used) Cache:
Linked lists can be used to implement an LRU cache, where the most recently used items are moved to the front of the list, and the least recently used items are at the end.
File Systems:
Linked lists are used in file systems to represent the structure of directories. Each node contains information about a file or subdirectory, and the links connect them hierarchically.
Graph
Social Networks:
Graphs are extensively used to model social networks like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn.
Map Applications:
Navigation systems and map applications use graphs to represent road networks.
Web Page Ranking:
Search engines use graph-based algorithms, like rank web pages. Each page is a node, and hyperlinks between pages are edges.
TREE
File Systems:
Directory structures in file systems are often represented as trees. Each node represents a directory, and edges represent the hierarchical relationships between directories and subdirectories
Organization Charts:
Trees are used to represent organizational structures in companies. Nodes represent employees, and edges represent hierarchical relationships between employees and their supervisors.
Expression Trees:
In compilers, expression trees are used to represent mathematical expressions. Nodes represent operators or operands, and edges represent the relationships between them.
