Campus and School Violence and Tragedy
Be prepared for tomorrow's class with a brief 1-minute overview of two items from the following list. We will assign them in class in the day before.
Focus on: 1) what happened; 2) what was done to memorialize the victims, if anything; 3) how did it take for these memorializations to take place; 4) were there any controversies about these memorials. Be prepared to locate your site on Google Maps, Google Earth or Bing Maps.
|
Date
|
University
|
Event
|
Deaths
|
1
|
1903, 31 October
|
Purdue University (West Lafayette, IN)
|
Off campus train wreck (Indianapolis, IN)
|
17
|
|
|
Memorial Gymnasium (now Felix Haas Hall). Dedication of a tunnel in the football stadium on centennial. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purdue_Wreck
|
2
|
1927, 22 January
|
Baylor University (Waco, TX)
|
Off campus bus hit by train
|
10
|
|
|
Marker at railroad crossing. Monument on campus. Remembrance at annual homecoming. Copeland (2006). http://www.wacohistoryproject.org/Moments/Immortal_10.htm.
|
3
|
1960, 29 October
|
California Polytechnic State University (San Luis Obispo, CA)
|
Off campus plane crash (Toledo, OH)
|
22
|
|
|
Memorial plaques at two campus locations. Memorial Plaza. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal_Poly_football_team_plane_crash
|
4
|
1965, 18-19 July
|
University of Texas (Austin, TX)
|
Off campus murder (Austin, TX)
|
2
|
|
|
No known memorials.
|
5
|
1966, 9 July
|
University of Colorado (Boulder, CO)
|
On campus murder
|
1
|
|
|
Memorial plaque on rock (2006). Urban legend of haunted death site (Macky Auditorium). http://www.bouldercountyparanormal.com/macky.htm
|
6
|
1966, 14 July
|
South Chicago Community Hospital (now Advocate Trinity Hospital), Nursing School (Chicago, IL)
|
Off campus murder (Chicago, IL) by Richard Speck
|
8
|
|
|
No known memorials.
|
7
|
1966, 1 August
|
University of Texas (Austin, TX)
|
On campus mass murder
|
15*
|
|
|
Tower Garden Memorial dedicated in 1999, completed in 2007. Lavergne (1997). http://www.utexas.edu/events/tower/
|
8
|
1968, 8 February
|
South Carolina State University (Orangeburg, SC)
|
On campus shooting by local and state police
|
3
|
|
|
Memorial space on campus, gymnasium named for the slain, precipitating off-campus site marked (2000), annual remembrance ceremony. Bass and Nelson (1999), Cram and Richardson (2009) http://www.orangeburgmassacre1968.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orangeburg_massacre
|
9
|
1969, 28 November
|
Pennsylvania State University (State College, PA)
|
On campus stabbing
|
1
|
|
|
Urban legend as haunted death site (Pattee Library). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsy_aardsma
|
10
|
1970, 4 May
|
Kent State University (Kent, OH)
|
On campus shooting by National Guard
|
4
|
|
|
Memorial at death site (1971, 1975), annual candlelight walk and vigil, Center for Peaceful Change, stained glass windows in library, May 4 Scholarships, memorial sculpture on campus (1990), various sculptures and markers on other US campuses. Bills (1982), Graham (2006), Weiss (2008). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_State_Shootings
|
11
|
1970, 14-15 May
|
Jackson State University (Jackson, MS)
|
On campus shooting by state police
|
2
|
|
|
Renamed campus plaza, monument. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_state_killings , http://www.may41970.com/Jackson%20State/jackson_state_may_1970.htm, Spofford (1988)
|
12
|
1970, 24 August
|
University of Wisconsin (Madison, WI)
|
On campus bombing
|
1
|
|
|
Memorial plaque (2007) at bomb site (Sterling Hall). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterling_hall_bombing
|
13
|
1970, 2 October
|
Wichita State University (Wichita, KS)
|
Off campus plane crash (Silver Plume, CO)
|
31
|
|
|
Memorial monument on campus, small memorial at site, http://webs.wichita.edu/?u=MEMORIAL&p=/history/. Musical tribute “Waltzing in Heaven” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita_State_University_football_team_plane_crash ,
|
14
|
1970, 14 November
|
Marshall University (Huntington WV)
|
Off campus plane crash (near Huntington airport)
|
75
|
|
|
Memorial fountain on campus, bronze statue on campus, cenotaph at Spring Hill Cemetery in Huntington, Memorial Highway (0.75 miles of State Route 75 and 11.91 miles of US Route 52), renamed city street, plaque at crash site, plaque at East Carolina University (opponent in last football game), memorial bell tower planned, commercial movie We Are Marshall (2006).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Airways_Flight_932.
|
15
|
1976, 12 July
|
California State University (Fullerton, CA)
|
On campus shooting
|
7
|
|
|
Grove of trees near site of murders in library.
|
16
|
1977, 13 December
|
University of Evansville (Evansville, IN)
|
Off campus plane crash (near Evansville airport)
|
29
|
|
|
Memorial Plaza with fountain. http://collegebasketball.rivals.com/content.asp?CID=750603
|
17
|
1978, 15 January
|
Florida State University (Tallahassee, FL)
|
On campus bludgeoning
|
2
|
|
|
The last murders by serial killer Ted Bundy, who also killed women at other universities.
Photos of victims are kept in sorority house, memorial cross at one victim’s church, macabre “anti-memorials” in Florida the day Bundy was executed in 1989. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_bundy , http://www.sptimes.com/News/112899/Floridian/Margaret_Bowman__1957.shtml
|
18
|
1984, 13 October
|
California State University (Fullerton, CA)
|
On campus shooting
|
1
|
|
|
Marker (1986) and scholarship honoring victim, Edward Cooperman. http://physics.fullerton.edu/student_awards.html. The marker honors others who were murdered or committed suicide in the same period.
|
19
|
1988, 21 December
|
Syracuse University (Syracuse, NY)
|
Off campus terrorist plane bombing (Lockerbie, Scotland)
|
270
|
|
|
Thirty-five Syracuse students and eleven students from four otherUS universities were among the victims. Memorial on campus, in Lockerbie and in Arlington National Cemetery, annual “Remembrance Week,” Remembrance Scholarships for Syracuse students, Lockerbie/Syracuse Trust Scholarships for UK students, “Dark Elegy” statuary assemblage. Various memorials in Scotland.
|
20
|
1991, 1 November
|
University of Iowa (Iowa City, IA)
|
On campus shooting
|
6*
|
|
|
Memorial plaque, rock, and tree at Physics Department. Memorial walkway. Memorial at Women's Resource and Action Center.
|
21
|
1992, 14 December
|
Bard College at Simon's Rock (Great Barrington, MA)
|
On campus shooting
|
2
|
|
|
Spontaneous memorials, memorial Peace Grove, annual remembrance ceremony.
|
22
|
1995, 26 January
|
University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill, NC)
|
Off campus shooting (Chapel Hill)
|
2
|
|
|
One victim honored in same memorial as 1996 fire. No other known memorials.
|
23
|
1996, 12 May
|
University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill, NC)
|
Off campus fire (Chapel Hill)
|
5
|
|
|
Memorial at entry to arboretum donated by senior class of 1997.
|
24
|
1996, 15 August
|
San Diego State University (San Diego, CA)
|
On campus shooting
|
3
|
|
|
Memorial with tables near engineering building.
|
25
|
1996, 17 September
|
Pennsylvania State University (University Park, PA)
|
On campus shooting
|
1
|
|
|
Spontaneous memorials & Peace Garden near site of shooting. http://www.campusmaps.psu.edu/buildings/peace.shtml
|
26
|
1996, 16 October
|
Purdue University (West Lafayette, IN)
|
On campus shooting
|
2*
|
|
|
Spontaneous memorials and memorial fund to prevent drug abuse
|
27
|
1997, 21-22 December
|
University of Colorado (Boulder, CO)
|
Off campus murder (Boulder)
|
1
|
|
|
Spontaneous memorial, memorial tree and plaque, scholarship and campus safety fund to honor victim, Susannah Chase.
|
28
|
1998, 7 October
|
University of Wyoming (Laramie, WY)
|
Off campus murder (Laramie)
|
1
|
|
|
Spontaneous memorial, campus bench, web memorial, foundation. http://www.uwyo.edu/News/shepard/default.htm, http://www.matthewshepard.org/site/PageServer
|
29
|
1999, 18 November
|
Texas A&M University (College Station, TX)
|
On campus collapse of bonfire construction
|
12
|
|
|
Spontaneous memorials and permanent memorial on site of bonfire collapse (2004). http://www.tamu.edu/bonfirememorial/
|
30
|
2000, 13 January
|
Kenyon College (Gambier, OH)
|
Off campus van crash (Coshocton, OH)
|
1
|
|
|
Memorial fund honoring student victim, Molly Hatcher.
|
31
|
2000, 19 January
|
Seton Hall University (S. Orange, NJ))
|
On campus arson at Boland Hall
|
3
|
|
|
Spontaneous memorials and garden.
|
32
|
2001, 27 January
|
Oklahoma State University (Stillwater, OK)
|
Off campus airplane crash (Strasburg, CO)
|
10
|
|
|
Spontaneous memorials, memorial at crash site (2001) and on campus memorial. http://osu.okstate.edu/Colorado/
|
33
|
2001, 27 January
|
Dartmouth College (Hanover, NH)
|
Off campus murder (Etna, NH)
|
2
|
|
|
Zantop Memorial Garden and Zantop Memorial Lecture, http://www.dartmouth.edu/~earthsci/zantop.html.
|
34
|
2001, 18 May
|
Pacific Lutheran University (Tacoma, WA)
|
On campus shooting.
|
2*
|
|
|
Memorial on campus, web memorial, http://www.plu.edu/about/tours/art7.html, http://www.plu.edu/print/holloway/
|
35
|
2002, 16 January
|
Appalachian School of Law (Grundy, VA)
|
On campus shooting
|
3
|
|
|
http://www.asl.edu/memorial/resolution_204.php, http://www.asl.edu/memorial/index.php. No other known memorials.
|
36
|
2002, 28 November
|
University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ)
|
On campus shooting
|
4*
|
|
|
Spontaneous memorials. "Tree of life" artwork at Nursing College. Victims also honored on campus Women's Plaza of Honor.
|
37
|
2003, 9 May
|
Case Western Reserve University (Cleveland, OH)
|
On campus shooting
|
1
|
|
|
Scholarship, service award, and leadership award created in name of victim, Norman Wallace.
|
38
|
2006, 26 April
|
Taylor University (Upland, IN)
|
Van struck by truck (near Marion, OH)
|
5
|
|
|
Spontaneous memorials, vernacular memorial at accident site (I-69 near Marion). Prayer Garden on campus.
|
39
|
2006, 3 September
|
Shepherd University (Shepherdstown, WV)
|
On campus shooting
|
3*
|
|
|
Spontaneous memorials, memorial bench near site of shooting.
|
40
|
2007, 2 March
|
Bluffton University (Bluffton, OH)
|
Bus crash (Atlanta, GA)
|
7
|
|
|
Spontaneous memorials, on campus memorial at baseball field, memorial in Atlanta.
|
41
|
2007, 16 April
|
Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, VA)
|
On campus mass murder
|
33*
|
|
|
Spontaneous memorials. Permanent memorial, http://www.vt.edu/remember/.
|
42
|
2007, 28 October
|
University of South Carolina (Columbia, SC) and Clemson University (Clemson, SC)
|
Off campus fire (Ocean Isle Beach, NC)
|
7
|
|
|
Spontaneous memorials at both campuses. Sorority and web memorials at USC. No permanent memorials to date. http://www.sc.edu/forevertothee/news_1028b.html, http://www.sc.edu/forevertothee/index.html
|
43
|
2008, 18 January
|
Duke University (Durham, NC)
|
Off campus murder
|
1
|
|
|
Fellowship created honoring victim, http://abhijit.mahato.pratt.duke.edu/
|
44
|
2008, 8 February
|
Louisiana Technical College (Baton Rouge, LA)
|
On campus shooting
|
3*
|
|
|
Spontaneous memorials and ceremonies, memorial trust fund, memorial garden.
|
45
|
2008. 14 February
|
Northern Illinois University
|
On campus shooting
|
6*
|
|
|
Spontaneous and web memorials. http://www.niu.edu/memorial/index.html Permanent memorial planned.
|
46
|
2008, 5 March
|
University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill)
|
Off campus murder (Chapel Hill)
|
1
|
|
|
Spontaneous memorial, permanent memorial planned, scholarship to honor victim and student body president, Eve Carson. http://www.unc.edu/eve/index.html
|
47
|
2008, 26 October
|
University of Central Arkansas (Conway, AR)
|
On campus shooting
|
2
|
|
|
Spontaneous memorials, permanent memorial (benches). http://www.uca.edu/remember/
|
48
|
2009, 21 January
|
Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, VA)
|
On campus knifing
|
1
|
|
|
Spontaneous memorial.
|
From: Foote, Kenneth E. and Sylvia Grider. 2010. Memorialization of US College and University Tragedies: Spaces of Mourning and Remembrance. In Deathscapes: Spaces for Death, Dying, Mourning and Remembrance, eds. Avril Maddrell and James D. Sidaway, 181-205. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
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