Campus and School Violence and Tragedy



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Campus and School Violence and Tragedy
Be prepared for tomorrow's class with a brief 1-minute overview of two items from the following list. We will assign them in class in the day before.
Focus on: 1) what happened; 2) what was done to memorialize the victims, if anything; 3) how did it take for these memorializations to take place; 4) were there any controversies about these memorials. Be prepared to locate your site on Google Maps, Google Earth or Bing Maps.






Date

University

Event

Deaths

1

1903, 31 October

Purdue University (West Lafayette, IN)

Off campus train wreck (Indianapolis, IN)

17







Memorial Gymnasium (now Felix Haas Hall). Dedication of a tunnel in the football stadium on centennial. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purdue_Wreck

2

1927, 22 January

Baylor University (Waco, TX)

Off campus bus hit by train

10







Marker at railroad crossing. Monument on campus. Remembrance at annual homecoming. Copeland (2006). http://www.wacohistoryproject.org/Moments/Immortal_10.htm.

3

1960, 29 October

California Polytechnic State University (San Luis Obispo, CA)

Off campus plane crash (Toledo, OH)

22







Memorial plaques at two campus locations. Memorial Plaza. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal_Poly_football_team_plane_crash

4

1965, 18-19 July

University of Texas (Austin, TX)

Off campus murder (Austin, TX)

2







No known memorials.

5

1966, 9 July

University of Colorado (Boulder, CO)

On campus murder

1







Memorial plaque on rock (2006). Urban legend of haunted death site (Macky Auditorium). http://www.bouldercountyparanormal.com/macky.htm

6

1966, 14 July

South Chicago Community Hospital (now Advocate Trinity Hospital), Nursing School (Chicago, IL)

Off campus murder (Chicago, IL) by Richard Speck

8







No known memorials.

7

1966, 1 August

University of Texas (Austin, TX)

On campus mass murder

15*







Tower Garden Memorial dedicated in 1999, completed in 2007. Lavergne (1997). http://www.utexas.edu/events/tower/

8

1968, 8 February

South Carolina State University (Orangeburg, SC)

On campus shooting by local and state police

3







Memorial space on campus, gymnasium named for the slain, precipitating off-campus site marked (2000), annual remembrance ceremony. Bass and Nelson (1999), Cram and Richardson (2009) http://www.orangeburgmassacre1968.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orangeburg_massacre

9

1969, 28 November

Pennsylvania State University (State College, PA)

On campus stabbing

1







Urban legend as haunted death site (Pattee Library). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsy_aardsma

10

1970, 4 May

Kent State University (Kent, OH)

On campus shooting by National Guard

4







Memorial at death site (1971, 1975), annual candlelight walk and vigil, Center for Peaceful Change, stained glass windows in library, May 4 Scholarships, memorial sculpture on campus (1990), various sculptures and markers on other US campuses. Bills (1982), Graham (2006), Weiss (2008). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_State_Shootings

11

1970, 14-15 May

Jackson State University (Jackson, MS)

On campus shooting by state police

2







Renamed campus plaza, monument. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_state_killings , http://www.may41970.com/Jackson%20State/jackson_state_may_1970.htm, Spofford (1988)

12

1970, 24 August

University of Wisconsin (Madison, WI)

On campus bombing

1







Memorial plaque (2007) at bomb site (Sterling Hall). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterling_hall_bombing

13

1970, 2 October

Wichita State University (Wichita, KS)

Off campus plane crash (Silver Plume, CO)

31







Memorial monument on campus, small memorial at site, http://webs.wichita.edu/?u=MEMORIAL&p=/history/. Musical tribute “Waltzing in Heaven” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita_State_University_football_team_plane_crash ,

14

1970, 14 November

Marshall University (Huntington WV)

Off campus plane crash (near Huntington airport)

75







Memorial fountain on campus, bronze statue on campus, cenotaph at Spring Hill Cemetery in Huntington, Memorial Highway (0.75 miles of State Route 75 and 11.91 miles of US Route 52), renamed city street, plaque at crash site, plaque at East Carolina University (opponent in last football game), memorial bell tower planned, commercial movie We Are Marshall (2006).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Airways_Flight_932.

15

1976, 12 July

California State University (Fullerton, CA)

On campus shooting

7







Grove of trees near site of murders in library.

16

1977, 13 December

University of Evansville (Evansville, IN)

Off campus plane crash (near Evansville airport)

29







Memorial Plaza with fountain. http://collegebasketball.rivals.com/content.asp?CID=750603

17

1978, 15 January

Florida State University (Tallahassee, FL)

On campus bludgeoning

2







The last murders by serial killer Ted Bundy, who also killed women at other universities.

Photos of victims are kept in sorority house, memorial cross at one victim’s church, macabre “anti-memorials” in Florida the day Bundy was executed in 1989. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_bundy , http://www.sptimes.com/News/112899/Floridian/Margaret_Bowman__1957.shtml

18

1984, 13 October

California State University (Fullerton, CA)

On campus shooting

1







Marker (1986) and scholarship honoring victim, Edward Cooperman. http://physics.fullerton.edu/student_awards.html. The marker honors others who were murdered or committed suicide in the same period.

19

1988, 21 December

Syracuse University (Syracuse, NY)

Off campus terrorist plane bombing (Lockerbie, Scotland)

270







Thirty-five Syracuse students and eleven students from four otherUS universities were among the victims. Memorial on campus, in Lockerbie and in Arlington National Cemetery, annual “Remembrance Week,” Remembrance Scholarships for Syracuse students, Lockerbie/Syracuse Trust Scholarships for UK students, “Dark Elegy” statuary assemblage. Various memorials in Scotland.

20

1991, 1 November

University of Iowa (Iowa City, IA)

On campus shooting

6*







Memorial plaque, rock, and tree at Physics Department. Memorial walkway. Memorial at Women's Resource and Action Center.

21

1992, 14 December

Bard College at Simon's Rock (Great Barrington, MA)

On campus shooting

2







Spontaneous memorials, memorial Peace Grove, annual remembrance ceremony.

22

1995, 26 January

University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill, NC)

Off campus shooting (Chapel Hill)

2







One victim honored in same memorial as 1996 fire. No other known memorials.

23

1996, 12 May

University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill, NC)

Off campus fire (Chapel Hill)

5







Memorial at entry to arboretum donated by senior class of 1997.

24

1996, 15 August

San Diego State University (San Diego, CA)

On campus shooting

3







Memorial with tables near engineering building.

25

1996, 17 September

Pennsylvania State University (University Park, PA)

On campus shooting

1







Spontaneous memorials & Peace Garden near site of shooting. http://www.campusmaps.psu.edu/buildings/peace.shtml

26

1996, 16 October

Purdue University (West Lafayette, IN)

On campus shooting

2*







Spontaneous memorials and memorial fund to prevent drug abuse

27

1997, 21-22 December

University of Colorado (Boulder, CO)

Off campus murder (Boulder)

1







Spontaneous memorial, memorial tree and plaque, scholarship and campus safety fund to honor victim, Susannah Chase.

28

1998, 7 October

University of Wyoming (Laramie, WY)

Off campus murder (Laramie)

1







Spontaneous memorial, campus bench, web memorial, foundation. http://www.uwyo.edu/News/shepard/default.htm, http://www.matthewshepard.org/site/PageServer

29

1999, 18 November

Texas A&M University (College Station, TX)

On campus collapse of bonfire construction

12







Spontaneous memorials and permanent memorial on site of bonfire collapse (2004). http://www.tamu.edu/bonfirememorial/

30

2000, 13 January

Kenyon College (Gambier, OH)

Off campus van crash (Coshocton, OH)

1







Memorial fund honoring student victim, Molly Hatcher.

31

2000, 19 January

Seton Hall University (S. Orange, NJ))

On campus arson at Boland Hall

3







Spontaneous memorials and garden.

32

2001, 27 January

Oklahoma State University (Stillwater, OK)

Off campus airplane crash (Strasburg, CO)

10







Spontaneous memorials, memorial at crash site (2001) and on campus memorial. http://osu.okstate.edu/Colorado/

33

2001, 27 January

Dartmouth College (Hanover, NH)

Off campus murder (Etna, NH)

2







Zantop Memorial Garden and Zantop Memorial Lecture, http://www.dartmouth.edu/~earthsci/zantop.html.

34

2001, 18 May

Pacific Lutheran University (Tacoma, WA)

On campus shooting.

2*







Memorial on campus, web memorial, http://www.plu.edu/about/tours/art7.html, http://www.plu.edu/print/holloway/

35

2002, 16 January

Appalachian School of Law (Grundy, VA)

On campus shooting

3







http://www.asl.edu/memorial/resolution_204.php, http://www.asl.edu/memorial/index.php. No other known memorials.

36

2002, 28 November

University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ)

On campus shooting

4*







Spontaneous memorials. "Tree of life" artwork at Nursing College. Victims also honored on campus Women's Plaza of Honor.

37

2003, 9 May

Case Western Reserve University (Cleveland, OH)

On campus shooting

1







Scholarship, service award, and leadership award created in name of victim, Norman Wallace.

38

2006, 26 April

Taylor University (Upland, IN)

Van struck by truck (near Marion, OH)

5







Spontaneous memorials, vernacular memorial at accident site (I-69 near Marion). Prayer Garden on campus.

39

2006, 3 September

Shepherd University (Shepherdstown, WV)

On campus shooting

3*







Spontaneous memorials, memorial bench near site of shooting.

40

2007, 2 March

Bluffton University (Bluffton, OH)

Bus crash (Atlanta, GA)

7







Spontaneous memorials, on campus memorial at baseball field, memorial in Atlanta.

41

2007, 16 April

Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, VA)

On campus mass murder

33*







Spontaneous memorials. Permanent memorial, http://www.vt.edu/remember/.

42

2007, 28 October

University of South Carolina (Columbia, SC) and Clemson University (Clemson, SC)

Off campus fire (Ocean Isle Beach, NC)

7







Spontaneous memorials at both campuses. Sorority and web memorials at USC. No permanent memorials to date. http://www.sc.edu/forevertothee/news_1028b.html, http://www.sc.edu/forevertothee/index.html

43

2008, 18 January

Duke University (Durham, NC)

Off campus murder

1







Fellowship created honoring victim, http://abhijit.mahato.pratt.duke.edu/

44

2008, 8 February

Louisiana Technical College (Baton Rouge, LA)

On campus shooting

3*







Spontaneous memorials and ceremonies, memorial trust fund, memorial garden.

45

2008. 14 February

Northern Illinois University

On campus shooting

6*







Spontaneous and web memorials. http://www.niu.edu/memorial/index.html Permanent memorial planned.

46

2008, 5 March

University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill)

Off campus murder (Chapel Hill)

1







Spontaneous memorial, permanent memorial planned, scholarship to honor victim and student body president, Eve Carson. http://www.unc.edu/eve/index.html

47

2008, 26 October

University of Central Arkansas (Conway, AR)

On campus shooting

2







Spontaneous memorials, permanent memorial (benches). http://www.uca.edu/remember/

48

2009, 21 January

Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, VA)

On campus knifing

1







Spontaneous memorial.

From: Foote, Kenneth E. and Sylvia Grider. 2010. Memorialization of US College and University Tragedies: Spaces of Mourning and Remembrance. In Deathscapes: Spaces for Death, Dying, Mourning and Remembrance, eds. Avril Maddrell and James D. Sidaway, 181-205. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.



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