Repositories and Collections Consulted

Repositories and Collections Consulted

Archival and print research methodology has changed greatly, and for the better, in recent years as the result of the digitization of vast troves of historical records: primary documents, photographs and maps, serials, newspapers, and published books. We have made extensive use of those resources, as well as of non-digitized materials. Repositories and databases consulted for this study have included:

Davis Library: Print, archival and microform resources

North Carolina Collection: Published, microform, and photographic materials on all aspects of North Carolina history

Documenting the American South (http://docsouth.unc.edu/): Online digital resource including print, maps, images, and photographic materials. Also includes the digitized version of the Colonial and State Records of North Carolina, a vast compendium of primary documents.

Digital library of primary sources in American social history from the antebellum period through reconstruction. Especially rich in nineteenth century periodicals.

Extensive digital collection of CALO maps, reports, planning documents, and drawings.

Digitized photographic materials supplied by Tommy Jones

Full-text and full-image newspaper articles covering the entire publishing history of the newspaper, from 1851 to 2001

Extensive holdings on all aspects of historic preservation, including National Register nominations

Appendices

Appendix A: Historic Base Maps

Cape Lookout National Seashore

Cape Lookout Bight

Appendix B
Coastal County and State Election Results
Elections of 1896-1908

Appendix C: Calendar of Hurricanes

Date (year, month,day [if known])	Name	CAT	Max. Wind	Main impact points on Outer Banks and coastal areas	Property damage (N. C.)	N.C. Deaths
1750 08	"Great Storm"			Cut several new inlets
1761				New inlet near Bald Head Island
1769				devastated New Bern
1803				New Bern area
1804 09 07-08				NE course from GA to MD; unknown NC impact
1806 0906				Wrecked large number of ships at Okracoke Inlet
1813 08 27-28				Hit Charleston; robably passed over inland NC
1815 09 03-04				New Bern and Elizabeth City
1820 09 10-11				Turned to sea near Cape Hatteras; gales, heavy rains
1821 09 02-03				New Bern, Morehead City
1825 06 03-04				New Bern, Okracoke	20 vessels ashore at Okracoke, coastal plantations inundaded, crops and livestock
1827 08 24-25					broke Diamond Shoals lightship from anchors at Hatteras, driven aground at Portsmouth; widespread damage
1830 08 15-17				Wilmington, New Bern	All vessels blown from moorings in New Bern; many damaged at Wilmington
1837 08 18-20				Wilmington	bridges washed out; high tides
1837 10 09	"Racer's Storm"			Ocracoke, Core Banks, Bodie Island	Steamer Home (90 deaths), Cumberland, Enterprise
1839	gale			Washed away sheep and cattle, some houses, at Portsmouth (Olson 1982, 63)
1839 08 28-30				Cape Hatteras, Elizabeth City, Washington	bridges
1842 07 12-15				severe damage from Portsmouth northward	Perhaps one of the most destructive ever; many ships believed lost; many drownings; houses wrecked/washed away; livestock
1842 08 24				Okracoke, Hatteras	three ships (Kilgore, Pioneer, Congres) lost; eight drowned
1846 09 07-08				opened Hatteras (7th) and Oregon (8th) inlets	Mary Anna lost off Hatteras
1853 09 07				passed off Cape Hatteras	unnamed brig lost on 7th
1856 09 4-5				Wilmington, Wrightsville Beach, Wrightsville	severely reduced width of Wrightsville Beach and swept off all oaks
1857 09 9-12				Cape Hatteras, Wilmington, coast generally	several ships; high tides at New Bern
1861 11 01-?				Cape Hatteras	75-vessel Union fleet scattered, two ships lost, 7 drowned
1874 09 28			75	Wilmington, Cape Hatteras	houses, buildings in Wilmington; high water; Spanish ship Arrina
1876 09 17			73	Wilmington, Cape Hatteras, Wrightsville	British ship Excelsior; New River miliatry camp; unprecedented high water
1877 10 3-4				Albemarle Sound	swept away all bridges, wharves
1878 09 12			75	Cape Lookout
1878 10 23				Wilmington, Morehead City, Cape Lookout	steamer City of Houston lost off Frying Pan Shoals; many others lost/damages
1879 08 18		4	168	Morehead City, Beaufort, Diamond City	Atlantic and Ocean View hotels destroyed; all wharves washed away; heavy destruction at Diamond City	40+
1881 09 09			90+	Wrightsville, Wilmington	buildings, trees; vessels driven ashore; most severed since 1822, 1838
1882 09 21-23				Cape Lookout, Wilmington	Wilmington and Weldon Railroad damage
1883 09 11		3	100+	Wilmington, Hatteras	vessels wrecked, driven ashoe	53
1885 08 25			ca. 125	Wilmington, Morehead City, Hatteras
1887 08 20			82	Hatteras, Pamlico Sound, Kitty Hawk	vessels lost
1887 10 31			70	Kitty Hawk	telegraph poles down
1899 08 16	"San Ciriaco"	4	140	Diamond City	wiped out Diamond City; Shackleford Banks residents left	20-25
1889 09 9-12				Nags Head
1899 10 30-31			72	Wriightsville Beach, Wilmington, Kitty Hawk		1
1893 08 27-29	"Great"		72	Wilmington, Kitty Hawk	several vessels lost at sea, washed on shore at Wilmington
1904 11 13		3	68	Hatteras	destroyed LS station at New Inlet, drowning four men; several schooners wrecked
1908 07 30		1	58	Beaufort, Morehead City, New Bern	heavy flooding
1913 09 02-03		1	74	Core Banks, Pamlico Sound, Portsmouth, Washington, New Bern	railroad bridges at Washington, New Bern, Methodist and Primitive Baptist churches at Portsmouth; $3 million	5;
1933 09 15-16		3	125	Beaufort, Pamlico Sound, Core Banks, New Bern, Portsmouth	$3 million; washed over Core Banks; opened Drum Inlet; almost all Cedar Island homes destroyed; flooded Portsmouth, destroyed houses	21
1936 09 18		2	80	Hatteras
1944 08 01		1	80	Oak Island, Wilmington, Carolina Beach, Wrightsville Beach; Brunswick, New Hanover, Pender, Onslow counties	major crop damage; $2 milliion
1944 09 14	"Great Atlantic"	3	110	Portsmouth, Avon, Nags Head, Elizabeth City	Portsmouth devastated; most residents left; catastrophic flooding at Avon; two Coast Guard cutters capsized; $1.5 million	1
1953 08 13	Barbara	1	90	Morehead City, Okracoke, Nags Head	$1 million crop damage	1
1954 08 30	Carol	2	90+	Cape Hatteras	crops; $250,000
1954 10 15	Hazel	4	150	SC line to Cape Fear, Cape Lookout	dunes, practically all buildings, trees; record rainfall; $100 million	19
1955 08 12	Connie	3	<80	Southport to Nags Head	flooding
1955 08 17	Diane	2	74	Wilmington	beach erosion, flooding; farmlands
1955 09 19	Ione	3	107	Salter Path	unprecedented rain; major damage to dunes, Cape Lookout to Drum Inlet; Drum Inlet choked by sand; $88 million	7
1958 09 27	Helene	3	85	Wilmington to Hatteras; Pamlico Sound	beach erosion; crops; $11 million
1960 09 11	Donna	3	100+	Wilmington to Nags Head	$25 million	8
1968 10 19-20	Gladys	1	90	Wilmington, Cape Lookout
1971 09 30 to 10 01	Ginger	1	92	Pamlico Sound; Cape Hatteras	high water levels, rainfall; crops; $10 million
1984	Diana	3	115	counties south of Carteret	$85 million	3
1985 09 26-27	Gloria	3	100+	Wilmington, New Bern	$8 million	1
1989 09 21-22	Hugo	3	100	Brunswick County	beach houses; beach erosion; dunes; costliest ever to hit U.S. mainland; $1 billion ($70 million in N.C.	1
1991 08 18-19	Bob	3	98	Cape Hatteras	$4 million	1
1993 08 30-31	Emily	3	111	Pamlico Sound, Hatteras Island	homes; $35 million	0
1996 07 12	Bertha	2	115	Wrightsville Beach, Topsail Island, Belhaven, Washington, New Bern	storm surge; 5,000 homes damaged; $270 million	2
1996 09 05	Fran	3	120	Brunswick to Carteret counties; Wrightsville Beach, Emerald Isle, Topsail Beach	storm surge; beach erosion; river flooding; $2 billion	21
1999 08	Dennis	trop. Strom	110		$100 million	0
1999 09	Floyd	2	110		$6 billion	52
Barnes, North Carolina's Hurricane History, Hudgins, Tropical Cyclones Affecting North Carolina Since1586, 8-59

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