Chp. 3: Ancient Egypt



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[Chp. 3: Ancient Egypt]

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Ancient Egypt ( c. 5450- 31 BCE)

Predynastic (5450–3100 B.C.)


  • Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt (3100 B.C.)

  • Palette of Narmer: pharaonic rule; polytheism

Old Kingdom (2649–2150 B.C.)

Middle Kingdom (c. 1991–1700 B.C.)

New Kingdom (1550–1070 B.C.)


  • Amarna period (c. 1349–1336 B.C.)

  • Akhenaten's monotheism: worship of the Aten

  • Nubia: cross-cultural influences


Key Terms


Ashlar masonry

Hieroglyphics

Atlantid

hypostyle hall

Ben-ben

Ka

canon

mastaba

canopic jars

Necropolis

cartonnage

obelisk

Caryatid

papyrus

clerestory

pier

Corbelling

pilaster

engaged column

pylon

fresco

sarcophagus

Fresco secco

sphinx

frieze

step pyramid

gesso

Vellum


Study Questions




General


Identify the general features and characteristics of the Predynastic Period, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and the Amarna Period. Make a chart! Pick at least one artwork for each period and describe how it specifically describes the uniqueness of each period.

Why do we look mainly at ancient Egyptian funerary architecture and not at domestic architecture? To which did the ancient Egyptians give a higher importance––and how can we prove this?


Predynastic


  1. The Palette of Narmer, which was created about 3000B.C.E., is extremely important in Egyptian history and art for several reasons.

  2. What does it document politically?

  3. Describe the iconography of each side.

  4. What did the object function as?

  5. What does the object tell us about religion and the king?

  6. Why is this object considered the earliest historical artwork preserved?

  • Palette of King Narmer, from Hierakonpolis, Egypt, Predynastic, ca. 3000–2920 BCE. Slate, 2’ 1” high.

  • IMHOTEP, Stepped Pyramid and mortuary precinct of Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Third Dynasty, ca. 2630–2611 BCE.


Palette of Narmer,
Hierakonpolis, c. 3100 B.C.
Egyptian Museum, Cairo Photo© LaCour Slide Library
Living With Art Slide Set





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