Climate: 25-40 degrees Celsius, little seasonal variation

• 
  South America and Latin American region
  
• 
  Climate: 25-40 degrees Celsius, little seasonal variation
  

• 
  8,515,767 km²
  
• 
  Covering 43% of South America
  

• 
  200,674,130 people
  
• 
  5^th largest population in the world
  
• 
  Population growth is 0.9%
  
• 
  Regional population (Top 3):
  
• 
  Sao Paulo population: 11,244,36 (5.6%), density: 7,216.3/km²
  
• 
  Rio de Janiero population: 6,323,037 (3.15%), density: 4,781/km²
  
• 
  Salvador population: 2,676,606 (1.7%), density: 3,791.2/km²
  
• 
  Population density (Top 3)
  
• 
  Fortaleza: Population: 2,551,806 people, 7,587.68/km²
  

- Belo Horizonte: 2,475,000 people, 7290.8^/km²

• 
  Total Life Expectancy: 73.35 years
  
• 
  Male Life Expectancy: 69.82
  
• 
  Female Life Expectancy: 77.05
  
• 
  Ethnic Groups: 99% referred to as Brazilian, remaining 1% are indigenous peoples
  
• 
  Demographics:
  
• 
  Children (0-14): 25.5%
  
• 
  Adult/Labor Force (15-64): 67.5%
  
• 
  Elderly (65+): 7%
  

• 
  GDP (2012): 2.254 Trillion USD
  
• 
  GDP Growth (2012): 0.9%
  
• 
  GDP Per Capita (2012): $10,958 (IMF)
  
• 
  Foreign Direct Investment (2012): $65 Billion USD
  
• 
  Wealth Distribution:
  
• 
  Top 10% of the population earn 40% of the country’s income
  
• 
  Bottom 10% of the population earns 0.9%
  
• 
  21.4% of the population live below the poverty line
  

• 
  Federal Republic: Central government has restrictions. States, colonies or provinces have a degree of self governance
  

• 
  Education is regulated by the Federal Government through the Ministry of Education
  
• 
  Composes 5.08% of the GDP (2009), grew from 4.3% in 2006
  
• 
  Pre-School is optional
  
• 
  Education is mandatory for children ages 6-14
  
• 
  Secondary education is mandatory for those seeking higher education (University, college, etc.)
  
• 
  Literacy rate (as of 2006): 90.2% of those 15 years or older
  

• 
  Lusophone (Portuguese): spoken by 99% of the population
  
• 
  Minority languages include indigenous languages and languages brought in by European and Asian immigrants
  

• 
  Roman Catholicism: 64.6%
  
• 
  Protestantism: 22.2%
  
• 
  Non-Religious: 8%
  
• 
  Other: 5.2%
  

• 
  South Asia
  
• 
  Microclimates based on location:
  
• 
  Alpine tundra (North)
  
• 
  Humid, Tropical Rainforests (South West)
  
• 
  Desert (west)
  
• 
  Varying microclimates based on region
  
• 
  Four distinct seasons
  

• 
  3,287,590 km²
  

• 
  1,270,272,105 people (1.27 Billion): Second most populous country in the world
  
• 
  Males: 655,875,026
  
• 
  Females: 614,397,079
  
• 
  Ages 0-25: 50% of India’s population
  
• 
  Population growth: 1.3%
  
• 
  Regional population leaders (Top 3):
  
• 
  Uttar Pradesh: 199,581,477(16.49%)
  
• 
  Maharashtra: 112,372,972 (9.28%)
  
• 
  Bihar: 103,804,637 (8.58%)
  
• 
  Rural population is much greater than the urban population in these areas
  
• 
  Population density (Top 3):
  
• 
  Titagarh population: 124,213 people (0.0098%), density: 38,337 /km²
  
• 
  Baranagar population: 248,466 people (0.0196%), density: 35,220 /km²
  
• 
  Serampore population: 197,857 people (0.016%), density: 33,649 /km²
  
• 
  Total Life Expectancy: 70 years
  
• 
  Male Life Expectancy: 67 years
  
• 
  Female Life Expectancy: 73 years
  
• 
  Demographics:
  
• 
  Children (0-14): 30.8%
  
• 
  Adult/Labor Force (15-64): 64.3%
  
• 
  Elderly (65+): 4.9%
  

• 
  GDP (2012): 1.875 Trillion USD
  
• 
  GDP Growth (2012): 3.2%
  
• 
  GDP Per Capita (2012): $1,414 (IMF)
  
• 
  Foreign Direct Investment (2012): $27.3 Billion USD
  
• 
  Wealth Distribution:
  
• 
  Top 5% of the population earn 38% of the country’s income
  
• 
  Bottom 60% earn 13% of the country’s income
  
• 
  32.7% of the population lives below the poverty line
  

• 
  Union/Central Government system
  

• 
  Education is controlled by three levels: central, state and local
  
• 
  Education is under the control of the Union Government and the State Government(s)
  
• 
  Composes 3.2% of the GDP (2011) goes towards education, a decline of 0.1% from 2010
  
• 
  Mandatory schooling: ages 6-14
  
• 
  Literacy rate: 66%
  
• 
  72% Male literacy
  
• 
  58% Female literacy
  

• 
  Official languages: Hindi and English
  

• 
  Hinduism: 80.5%
  
• 
  Islam: 13.4%
  
• 
  Christianity: 2.3%
  
• 
  Other: 2.8%
  

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1357082/pharmaceutical-industry

The pharmaceutical industry, involves the discovery, development and production of drugs and medications to combat disease and illness. Drugs and medicines are produced by both public and private organizations.

Main Players:

• 
  The major pharmaceutical companies are located in the USA, the UK, Germany, France and Switzerland (Annual revenues of over $33,000M)
  
• 
  USA: Phizer, Merck & Co., Johnson and Johnson
  
• 
  United Kingdom: GlaxoSmithKline
  
• 
  Germany: Bayer
  
• 
  France: Sanofi
  
• 
  Switzerland: Novartis, Hoffmann–La Roche
  

• 
  In the USA, new drugs must be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
  
• 
  FDA Criteria: Drug must be safe and effective
  
• 
  Once approved, the drug moves to clinical trial
  
• 
  Patents are used either for the drug itself or the production process of the drug. These last approximately 20 years
  

• 
  Physical resources: machinery, laboratories, equipment
  
• 
  Diversified product line (various drugs/medications)
  
• 
  Human capital: experienced research staff
  
• 
  Low operating overhead
  
• 
  Low staff turnover
  
• 
  High return on investment (ROI)
  

• 
  Physical resources: equipment failure, dated equipment,
  
• 
  Human capital: low staff involvement, disengagement
  
• 
  High transaction costs
  
• 
  Opportunity costs of production
  
• 
  High risk (success or failure of product)
  
• 
  Poor branding: lack of customer involvement
  
• 
  Economies of scale: increased per unit costs
  

• 
  Reducing carbon footprint
  
• 
  Emerging new markets
  
• 
  Create new drugs with new research
  
• 
  Technological developments and more efficient mean of production
  
• 
  Target market: increase in health conscious consumers on the global scale
  
• 
  Increased demand for pharmaceutical products
  
• 
  Expand supply chain to new regions
  

• 
  Environmental factors or factors outside of the industry’s control
  
• 
  Increased Government regulation: patents, import and export, duties and tariffs to various regions
  
• 
  Declining economy (based on region)
  
• 
  Increasing research and development costs
  
• 
  A decreasing global population
  
• 
  Products are at high risk of imitation
  
• 
  Varying expenses: raw materials, labor, opportunity costs, etc.
  

The global pharmaceutical market is focusing its attention towards emerging markets, such as Brazil and India. From 2010-2015, the Brazilian pharmaceuticals market is forecasted to increase by 67.2% ($28,005.1 Million). The Indian pharmaceuticals market is expected to increase by 86.8% ($20,334.4 Million) in the same five-year span.

• 
  In 2010, the Brazilian pharmaceuticals market created revenues of $16.7 billion. A 10.8% compounded annual growth rate occurred between 2010-2015.
  
• 
  It is evident that there is definitely room to grow in this emerging market
  

• 
  The performance of India has decreased from 2010-2015, 13.3% ($10.9 billion) when compared to a compounding annual growth rate of 17.5% ($20.3 billion) during the 2006-2010. Although the compound annual growth rate has decreased, total revenues have almost doubled since the 2006-2010 time period.
  

• 
  Regulated by the Brazilian Health Ministry, through its National Health Surveillance Industry (equivalent to USA’s FDA)
  
• 
  Five Main Categories of Pharmaceuticals: Normal medicines, Red Stripe medicines, Red Stripe Psychoactive medicines, Black Stripe medicines, Yellow A-Form Prescription medicines
  

• 
  Pharmaceuticals are regulated by Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
  
• 
  Regulated through the DCGI, Drugs Control General of India
  
• 
  Retail and Distribution: Five different distribution categories
  

1. 
   Schedule X Drugs: Narcotics
   
2. 
   Schedule H and L: Injectables, Antibiotics, Antibacterial
   
3. 
   Schedule C and C1: Biological products (vaccines, serums, etc.)
   

Information gathered from Industry Profile: Pharmaceuticals in Brazil and India, by DATAMONITOR, have concluded that both the Brazilian and Indian markets share the same level of strengths and/or weaknesses when looking at Porter’s Five Forces. To further solidify this, the criteria used in the breakdown of each of the five forces are identical as well. Based on the criteria displayed in the graphic above, we can see that there is a presence of buyer power but is not overwhelming, there is some degree supplier power, there is a degree of competitive rivalry, the threat of substitutes is high within the industry and the threat of new entrants is low.

• 
  Novartis, the market leader, has captured 9% of the Brazilian pharmaceuticals market (2010)
  

• 
  GlaxoSMithKline, United Kingdom industry leader has a 7.4% market share (2010)
  

• 
  73.2% of the market is distributed amongst other companies. All of which hold smaller market shares
  

• 
  Piramal Healthcare, PHL, is the market share leader in the Indian Pharmaceuticals market: 8.6% (2010)
  
• 
  GlaxoSmithKline, un United Kingdom revenue leader has a presence in the Indian pharmaceutical market with a share of: 5.8% (2010)
  
• 
  77.6% of the market is occupied by other smaller pharmaceutical companies