Cold War Timeline 1945-1991

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Cold War Timeline 1945-1991

1945 (Eur) Feb 4: The Yalta Conference

(Eur) Feb 6, Russian Red Army crossed the river Oder.
(Eur) Apr 11, Red Army finally took the Seelow Heights north of Berlin.
(Amer) April 12: Roosevelt dies
(Eur) April 20 Battle of Berlin: The Soviet army began shelling Berlin.
(Amer) April 23: Truman gives tongue-lashing to Molotov indicating he was determined to take a "tougher" stance with Soviets.
(Eur) Apr 25, U.S. and Soviet forces linked up at Torgau.
(Eur) May 2 Battle of Berlin: The defenders of Berlin surrendered to the Soviet Union.
(Eur) Jun 4, US, Russia, England & France agreed to split occupied Germany.
(Eur) July 24: Truman informs Stalin that the US has nuclear weapons.
(Eur) Aug 2: The Potsdam Conference
Asia) Aug 6: atomic weapon against the Japanese city of Hiroshima
(Asia) Aug 8: The USSR declare war on Japan within three months of the victory in Europe, and invades Manchuria.
(Asia) Aug 9: atomic weapon against the Japanese city of Nagasaki
(Asia) Sep 2: The Japanese surrender unconditionally
(Amer) Sep 5: clerk in Soviet embassy in Ottawa, defects.
(Amer) Gouzenko affair helps change perceptions of the Soviet Union from an ally to a foe.

1946 (Asia)Jan: Chinese Civil War resumes between Communist and Nationalist forces.

(Eur) Jan 7: Austria is reconstituted, with its 1937 borders, but divided into four zones of control:
(Eur)Jan 11: Enver Hoxha declares the People's Republic of Albania, with himself as Prime Minister.
(Eur) Feb 22: George F. Kennan writes his Long Telegram,
(Eur) March: The Greek Civil War reignites between communists and the conservative Greek government.
(Eur) March 2: British withdraw from their zone of occupation in southern Iran. Soviets remain in their northern sector.
(Eur) March 5: Winston Churchill warns of the descent of an Iron Curtain across Europe.
(Asia) April 5: Soviet forces evacuate Iran after a crisis.
(Asia) May 9 Iran crisis: The Soviet Union withdrew from Iran.
(Asia) July 4: The Philippines gains independence from the US, and begins fighting communist Huk rebels.
(Eur) Sep 6: In Stuttgart, Byrnes, US Secretary of State repudiates Morgenthau Plan.
(Eur) Sep 8: Bulgaria votes for a People's Republic, deposing King Simeon II. vote fundamentally flawed.
(Eur) Oct 28, German rocket engineers began work in the USSR.
(Asia) Dec 19: French landings in Indochina begin the First Indochina War.

1947 (Eur) Jan 1: The American and British zones of control in Germany are united to form the Bizone also known as Bizonia.

(Eur) Jan 19: Rigged elections in Poland resulted in undemocratic communist state. Soviet-backed Polish communists take power.
(Eur) Feb 17, The Voice of America began broadcasting to the Soviet Union.
(Eur) Mar 10, The Big Four met in Moscow to discuss Germany.
(Amer) March 12: Truman announces the Truman Doctrine, that US committed to "contain" further communist expansion.
(Amer) April 16: Bernard Baruch, in a speech coins the term "Cold War" to describe relations between US and Soviet Union.
(Eur) May 22: US extends $400 million of military aid to Greece and Turkey, to contain communism in the Mediterranean.
(Eur) May 31, Communists grabbed power in Hungary.
(Eur) June 5: Marshall outlines plans for economic assistance for Western Europe, the Marshall Plan.
(Eur) Jun 16, Pravda denounced the Marshall Plan.
(Eur) Jul 3, Soviet Union didn't partake in the Marshall Plan.
(Eur) July 11: US announces new occupation policies in Germany.
(Eur) Jul 16, Raoul Wallenberg reportedly died at the Lubyanka prison in Moscow of an alleged heart attack.
(Amer) Jul, Kennan article "The Sources of Soviet Conflict" in the quarterly Foreign Affairs, which he signed "X,".
(Asia) Aug 14: India and Pakistan are granted independence by the United Kingdom.
(Eur) Oct 5 The Cominform was established in order to coordinate Communist parties under Soviet control.
(Asia) Nov 14: UN resolution for the withdrawal of foreign soldiers from Korea, free elections, and UN commission dedicated to the unification of the peninsula.
Russia Sgt. Mikhail Kalashnikov (b.1919) created the AK-47 (Avtomat Kalashnikova) automatic rifle.

1948 (Eur) Feb 26: Communist takes control in Czechoslovakia, after Pres Beneš accepts resignation of all non-communist ministers.

(Amer) April 3: Truman signs the Marshall Plan into effect.
(Asia) May 10: A parliamentary vote in southern Korea sees the confirmation of Syngman Rhee as President
(Asia) June 18: A communist insurgency in Malaya begins against British and Commonwealth forces.
(Eur) June 21: In Germany, the Bizone and the French zone launch a common currency, the Deutsche Mark.
(Eur) Berlin Blockade (24 June 1948 – 12 May 1949)
(Eur) June 24: Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin orders the blockade of all land routes from West Germany to Berlin,
(Eur) June 25 Berlin Blockade: The commander of the American occupation zone ordered an airlift of supplies into West Berlin.
(Eur)June 28: Soviet Union expels Yugoslavia from (COMINFORM) for the latter's position on the Greek civil war.
(Eur) July 2, Meeting in Paris among foreign ministers, Molotov called Marshall Plan an "imperialist" plot.
(Asia) July 17: The constitution of the Republic of Korea is effected.
(Asia) Sep 9: Soviet Union declares the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to be the legitimate government of all of Korea.
(Eur) Oct 16, Moscow Jews held a demonstration honoring Israeli ambassador Golda Meir.
(Eur) Nov 30, Communists completed the division of Berlin, installing the government in the Soviet sector.

1949 (Eur) April 4: (NATO) is founded

(Eur) May 11: Soviet blockade of Berlin ends with the re-opening of access routes to Berlin.
(Eur) May 23: In Germany, the Bizone merges with the French zone of control to form the Federal Republic of Germany,.
(Amer) June 8: Red Scare reaches its peak.
(Eur) Aug 29: Soviet Union tests its first atomic bomb.
(Amer) September 13: The USSR vetoes the UN membership of Ceylon, Finland, Iceland, Italy, Jordan, and Portugal.
(Eur) Sep 15: Konrad Adenauer becomes the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany.
(Asia) Oct 1: Mao Zedong declares the foundation of the People's Republic of China
(Asia) Oct 2, USSR recognized the People's Republic of China.
(Eur) Oct 7: The Soviets declare their zone of Germany to be the German Democratic Republic, with its capital at East Berlin.
(Eur) Oct 16 End of Greek Civil War, and the first successful containment of communism.
(Asia) Dec 16, Chinese Communist leader Mao Tse-tung was received at the Kremlin in Moscow.
George Orwell wrote his novel "Nineteen Eighty-Four."

1950 (Asia) Jan 6: UK recognizes the People's Republic of China. The Republic of China severs diplomatic relations.

(Asia) Jan 30 Korean War: Regarding invasion of South, Stalin wrote to North Korea: "Tell him [Kim] that I am ready to help him in this matter."
(Asia) Jan 31: The last Kuomintang soldiers surrender on continental China.
(Asia) Feb 14: The Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China sign a pact of mutual defense.
(Asia) March 1: Chiang Kai-shek moves his capital to Taipei, Taiwan
(Amer) April 14: State Department Director of Policy Planning Paul Nitze issues NSC-68
(Eur) May 9: Schuman Declaration, it marks the beginning of the creation of the European Community.

Korean War 25 June 50 - 27 July 53

(Asia) June 25: North Korea invades South Korea, beginning the Korean War.
(Asia) June 27: The UN votes to send forces to Korea to aid South Korea.
(Asia) June 28: Seoul, the capital of South Korea, falls to North Korean forces.
(Asia) July 5: UN forces engage North Korean forces for the first time, in Osan.
(Asia) Sep 15: UN forces land at Incheon. Defeating the North Korean forces, they press inland and re-capture Seoul.
Oct 2, Mao Tse Tung sent a telegram to Stalin. China intervened in Korea.
(Asia) Oct 7: UN forces cross the 38th parallel, into North Korea.
(Asia) Oct 8: Forces from the People's Republic of China mobilize along the Yalu River.
(Asia) Oct 19: Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, falls to UN forces.
(Asia) Oct 25: China invades Korea with 300,000 soldiers, catching the UN by surprise.
(Asia) Nov 1 Korean War: Soviet-piloted MiG-15s first crossed the Yalu River and attacked American planes.
(Asia) Nov 26: UN forces approach the Yalu River. In response, China invades Korea again, but with a 500,000 strong army.
(Amer) NSC-68 document by Paul Nitze called for containment building up of American nuclear forces.

1951 (Asia) Jan 4: Chinese soldiers capture Seoul.

(Asia) March 14: UN forces recapture Seoul during Operation Ripper.
(Amer) March 29: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg are convicted of espionage
(Asia) April 11: US President Harry S. Truman fires Douglas MacArthur from command of US forces in Korea.
(Eur) April 18: The European Coal and Steel Community is formed by the Treaty of Paris.
(Asia) Sep 1: Australia, New Zealand, and the US sign the ANZUS Treaty.
(Eur) Sep 20: Greece and Turkey join NATO.
(Eur) Oct 10: Truman signs the Mutual Security Act, the U.S. was prepared to provide military aid to "free peoples."
(Eur) Dec 12: The International Authority for the Ruhr lifted part of the remaining restrictions on German industrial production.

1952 (Asia) April 28: Japan signs Treaty of San Fran ending occupation and isolation, and becoming a sovereign state.

(Amer) June: SAC begins Reflex Alert deployments of long-range nuclear bombers
(Amer) June 14: The US lays the keel for the world's first nuclear-powered submarine, USS Nautilus.
(Eur) Jun 23, British diplomats and Soviet spies Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean fled to the USSR.
(Eur) June 30: The Marshall Plan ends, with European industrial output now well above that of 1938.
(Mid East) July 26: Gamal Abdel Nasser heads a coup against King Farouk of Egypt.
(Eur) Sep 24, The Soviet Union conducted its 2nd nuclear test.
(Eur) Oct 2: UK tests its atomic bomb in Operation Hurricane.
(Amer) Nov 1: The US detonates the world's first hydrogen bomb in Operation Ivy.

1953 (Amer) Jan 20: Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes President of the US.

(Eur) March 5: Joseph Stalin dies, setting off a power struggle to succeed him.
(Asia) April 8 First Indochina War: Viet Minh and Pathet Lao forces invaded Laos and attacked French bases there.
(Eur) June 16-17 Uprising of 1953 in East Germany.
(Eur) June 26 Beria was arrested at a special meeting of the Presidium.
(Asia) July 27: A Cease-fire ends fighting on the Korean Peninsula.
(Mid East) Aug 19: (CIA) assists coup in Iran, because of nationalization of the oil industry and fears of Iran joining Soviet camp.
(Eur) Sep 7: Khrushchev becomes leader of Communist Party.
(Amer) Dec 4-8: Eisenhower meets with Churchill and Joseph Laniel of France in Bermuda.

1954 (Amer) Jan 21: US launches world's first nuclear submarine, USS Nautilus.

(Asia) May 7: The Viet Minh defeat the French at Dien Bien Phu.
(Asia) May: The Huk revolt in the Philippines is defeated.
(Amer) June 2: Senator Joseph McCarthy charges that communists have infiltrated the CIA and the atomic weapons industry.
(Amer) June 18: The elected leftist Guatemalan government is overthrown in a CIA-backed coup.
(Amer) July 8: Col. Carlos Castillo Armas is elected president of Guatemalan
(Asia) July 21 Geneva Conference (1954): The signing of Geneva Accords
(Mid East) July 23: Nasser, ousts the pro-British King Farouk
(Asia) Aug 11: The Taiwan Strait Crisis begins with the Chinese Communist shelling of Taiwanese islands.
(Asia) Sep 8: Foundation of the South East Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO)

1955 (Mid East) Feb 24: The Baghdad Pact is founded by Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, and the United Kingdom.

(Mid East) March: Soviet aid to Syria begins.
(Asia) Apr: Bandung Conf: Non-Aligned Movement pioneered by Nehru, Sukarno, Tito, Nasser and Ghana.
(Eur) May 9: West Germany joins NATO.
(Eur) May 14: The Warsaw Pact is founded in Eastern Europe
(Eur) May 15: Austria is neutralized and allied occupation ends.
(Eur) June 2 Khrushchev and Tito issued Belgrade declaration.
(Eur) July 18: Eisenhower, the 'Big Four', attend the Geneva Summit.

1956 (Eur) Feb 25 : Khrushchev's speech "On the Personality Cult and its Consequences" at closed session of Party Congress.

(Eur) April 17 The Cominform was officially dissolved.
(Eur) June 28: in Poznań, Poland, anti-communist protests lead to violence.
(Mid East) July 26: Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal.
(Eur) Oct 23: Hungarian Revolution of 1956: Hungarians revolt against the Soviet dominated government.
(Mid East) Oct 29: Suez Crisis: France, Israel, and the UK attack Egypt with the goal of removing Nasser from power.
(Eur) Nov 4 Hungarian Revolution: A Soviet invasion, 2,500 Hungarians were killed in the ensuing battle.
(Eur) Nov 17, Khrushchev told Western diplomats "We will bury you."
(Amer) Dec 2 Cuban Revolution: Fidel Castro and his followers in the 26th of July Movement landed in Cuba.
(Africa) Dec 10 Angolan War of Independence: Marxist Popular Movement for Liberation of Angola formed.

1957 (Mid East) Jan 5: Eisenhower doctrine commits US to defending Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan from Communist influence.

(Mid East) Jan 22: Israeli forces withdraw from the Sinai, which they had occupied the previous year.
(Eur) Mar 12, German DR accepted 22 Russian armed divisions.
(Amer) May 2: Senator Joseph McCarthy succumbs to illness exacerbated by alcoholism and dies.
(Asia) A Communist insurgency begins in South Vietnam, sponsored by North Vietnam.
(Amer) Oct 1: SAC initiates 24/7 nuclear alert (continuous until termination in 1991)
(Eur) Oct 4: Sputnik satellite launched.
(Amer) Oct 10: Eisenhower apologies to Ghanian Finance Minister, who had been refused service at a restaurant in Delaware.

1958 (Mid East) July 14: A coup in Iraq, the 14 July Revolution, removes pro-British monarch.

(Asia) Aug 23: Second Taiwan Strait Crisis begins when China begins to bomb Quemoy.
(Eur) Aug: Thor IRBM deployed to the UK, within striking distance of Moscow.

1959 (Amer) Jan 1: Cuban Revolution. Fidel Castro becomes the leader of a new Marxist Cuba.

(Mid East) March 24: New Republic government of Iraq leaves Central Treaty Organization
(Amer) May 24: Former U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles dies from cancer.
(Eur) July 24: Kitchen Debate in Moscow Vice President Nixon and Khrushchev debate the capacities of each Superpower.
(Amer) Sep 15: Khrushchev visits U.S. for 13 days.
(Asia) Dec: Formation of the Viet Cong in South Vietnam.

1960 (Eur) Feb 16: France successfully tests its first atomic bomb, Gerboise Bleue, in the middle of the Algerian Sahara Desert. [1]

(Eur) April: Jupiter IRBM deployment to Italy begins, placing nuclear missiles within striking range of Moscow
(Eur) May 1: Francis Gary Powers is shot down in his U-2 spy plane while flying at high altitude over the Soviet Union,
(Eur) May 16, Big Four summit in Paris collapsed
(Asia) June: Sino-Soviet split: Chinese leadership, declares its version of Communism superior
(Asia) July 31: Communist insurgents in Malaya are defeated.
(Asia) Aug 9: The Pathet Lao (communist) revolt in Laos begins.
(Eur) Aug 19, Gary Powers convicted of espionage.
(Amer) Oct 12, Khrushchev pounding his desk with a shoe at UN incident.
(Asia) Dec 20 Vietnam War: NFL formed.

1961 (Amer) Jan 20: John F. Kennedy becomes President of the US.

(Africa) Feb 4: Angolan nationalists, including communists, begin an insurgency against Portuguese rule.
Apr 12, Yuri Gagarin, Russian cosmonaut, experienced the weightlessness of space for 108 minutes.
(Amer) April 15: Bay of Pigs Invasion: A CIA-backed invasion of Cuba by counter-revolutionaries ends in failure.
(Amer) May 25: John F. Kennedy announces the US intention to put a man on the moon - kickstarting the Apollo program
(Eur) June 4: Kennedy meets with Khrushchev in Vienna.
(Eur) June: Jupiter IRBM deployment to Turkey begins,
(Eur)Aug 13: The Berlin Wall is built by the Soviets to stop the flood of people attempting to escape East Germany.
(Amer)Aug 17: Alliance for Progress aid to Latin America from the US begins.
(Eur) Oct 31: Soviet Union detonates Tsar Bomb, 50 megatons.
(Eur) Nov 11, Stalingrad was renamed Volgograd.
(Amer) Dec 2 Castro declared he was a Communist.

1962 (Eur) Jan 23, British spy Kim Philby defected to USSR.

(Eur) Feb 10, Soviet Union exchanged Gary Powers.
June 25 Mozambican War of Independence: Mozambican Liberation Front (FRELIMO) was founded.
(Asia) July 20: Neutralization of Laos is established by international agreement, but North Vietnam refuses to withdraw.
(Asia) Sep 8: Himalayan War: Chinese forces attack India, making claims on numerous border areas.

Cuban Missile Crisis (Oct 14-28 )

(Amer) Oct 14, The American CIA U-2 mission detected Soviet ballistic missiles in Cuba.
(Amer) Oct 16 Cuban Missile Crisis: President Kennedy was shown U-2 surveillance images of SS-4 launch sites in Cuba.
(Amer) Oct 18, JFK met Russian minister of Foreign affairs Andrei Gromyko.
(Amer) Oct 22 Cuban Missile Crisis: Kennedy announced "quarantine" to prevent further weapons shipments.
(Amer) Oct 25, Adlai E. Stevenson presented photographic evidence of Soviet missile bases in Cuba to the UN Security Council.
(Amer) Oct 26 Cuban Missile Crisis: Soviet Union offered to withdraw missiles in return for U.S. guarantee not to invade Cuba.
(Amer) Oct 27, Khrushchev offered to remove Soviet missile bases in Cuba if the U.S. removed its missile bases in Turkey.
(Amer) Oct 28 Cuban Missile Crisis: Khrushchev announced that he had ordered the removal of the Soviet missiles in Cuba.
(Amer) Nov 2, Pres. Kennedy reported that Soviet missile bases in Cuba were being dismantled.
(Amer) Nov 19, Fidel Castro accepted the removal of Soviet weapons.
(Amer) Nov 20, USSR agreed to remove bombers from Cuba and US lifted its blockade.
(Asia) Nov 21: End of the Himalayan War. China occupies a small strip of Indian land.

1963 (Eur) Apr 27, Castro arrived in Moscow.

(Amer) June 20: The US agrees to set up a hotline with the USSR, so making direct communication possible.
(Eur) June 21: France announces that it is withdrawing its navy from the North Atlantic fleet of NATO.
(Eur) Jun 28, Khrushchev visited East-Berlin.
(Amer) Aug 5: Partial Test Ban Treaty prohibiting the testing of nuclear weapons anywhere except underground.
(Asia) Nov: South Vietnamese Prime Minister Diem is assassinated in coup, suspected CIA involvement
(Amer) Nov 22: Kennedy is shot and killed in Dallas by Lee Harvey Oswald.

1964 (Amer) March 30 / April 1: A military-led coup d'état overthrows democratically elected president João Goulart in Brazil.

(Amer) April 20: Lyndon Johnson and Khrushchev, announce cut back production of materials for making nuclear weapons.
(Asia) Aug 4: Gulf of Tonkin Incident leads to the open involvement of the US in the Vietnam War,
(Eur) Oct 14: Leonid Brezhnev succeeds Khrushchev to become General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
(Asia) Oct 16: China tests its first atomic bomb. The test makes China the world's fifth nuclear power.

Vietnam War: (8 March 1965 - 27 Jan 1973)

1965 (Asia) March 8: US military build up to defend South Vietnam.

(Amer) April 28: US forces invade the Dominican Republic to prevent a similar communist takeover like that occurred in Cuba.
(Asia) Aug 15: Second Indo-Pakistani War.
(Asia) Sep 23: The Second Indo-Pakistani War ends in a cease-fire.
(Asia) Sep 30: Six Indonesian generals were murdered as part of the 30 Sep Movement.
(Asia) Nov 14: Battle of Ia Drang, the first major engagement between US Troops and regular Vietnamese forces.

1966 (Eur) March 10: France withdraws from NATO command structure.

(Africa) Aug 26: South African Border War begins

1967 Jan 27, US signed Outer Space Treaty with Russia banning the orbiting of nuclear weapons.

Mar 6, Svetlana Alliluyeva, the daughter of Josef Stalin, defect to West.
(Amer) April 25: 33 countries sign Treaty of Tlatelolco, which prohibit of nuclear weapons in Latin America and Caribbean.
(Asia) March 12: General Suharto successfully overthrows Sukarno as president of Indonesia.
(Mid East) May 23: Egypt blocks Straits of Tiran, expels UN peacekeepers and moves its army into the Sinai Peninsula.
(Asia) May 25: Uprising in Naxalbari, India marking expansion of Maoism as a violent, revolutionary movement.
(Mid East) June 5: In response to Egypt, Israel invades the Sinai Peninsula, beginning the Six-Day War.
(Amer) June 23: Lyndon B. Johnson meets with Soviet Premier Aleksei Kosygin in Glassboro, New Jersey for a three-day summit.
(Asia) Aug 8: Bangkok Declaration is established to quell the communist threat in Southeast Asia.

1968 (Asia) Jan 30: Tet Offensive in South Vietnam begins.

(Amer) March 31: Johnson suspends bombings over North Vietnam and announces he is not running for reelection.
(Asia) June 8: Tet Offensive ends in Communist psychological victory over the Americans.
(Amer) July 1: The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is opened for signature.
(Eur) Aug 20: Prague Spring Reforms in Communist Czechoslovakia cause Warsaw Pact intervention to crush them.

1969 (Amer) Jan 20: Richard Nixon becomes President of the US.

(Asia) March 2: Border clashes between the Soviet Union and China
(Asia) March 17: The US begins bombing Communist sanctuaries in Cambodia.
(Amer) July 20: The US accomplishes the first manned moon landing, Apollo 11.
(Asia) July 25: ”Vietnamization” begins with US troop withdrawals from Vietnam
(Mid East) Sep 1: Muammar al-Gaddafi overthrows the Libyan monarchy and expels British and American personnel.

1970 (Eur) March 5: Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, ratified by UK, Soviet Union and US among others, enters into force.

(Asia) March 18: Lon Nol takes power in Cambodia. Khmer Rouge Communists begin attacking the new regime.
(Amer) Oct 24: Salvador Allende becomes president of Chile after being confirmed by the Chilean congress.
(Asia) Nov 18: US' aid to Cambodia to support the Lon Nol regime begins.

1971 (Asia) Feb 8: South Vietnamese forces enter Laos to briefly cut the Ho Chi Minh trail.

(Asia) March 25: Third Indo-Pakistani War, Bangladesh becomes independent from Pakistan.
(Eur) Sep 3: Four Power Agreement on Berlin is signed by the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, France, and the US.
(Asia) Oct 25 : UN passes Resolution 2758, recognizing People's Republic of China as the sole legitimate government of China.
(Asia) Dec 16 : Bangladesh and Indian joint forces defeat Pakistan in the Bangladesh Liberation War.

1972 (Asia) Feb 21: Nixon visits China, the first visit by a US President since the establishment of the People's Republic of China.

(Asia) March 30: North Vietnam invades South Vietnam only to be repulsed by the South with major American air support.
(Amer) May 26: SALT I agreement signals the beginning of détente between the US and USSR.
(Eur) Sep 1: Bobby Fischer defeats Russian Boris Spassky in a chess match at Reykjavík, Iceland,
(Amer) Sep 2 - 28: Summit Series, an ice hockey tournament between Canada and Soviet Union, is played.

1973 (Asia) Jan 27: Paris Peace Accords end American involvement in the Vietnam War.

Jun 19, Nixon met with Brezhnev at the White House.
(Amer) Sep 11: Chilean coup d'état, Salvador Allende, deposed and dies during a military coup led by Pinochet.
(Mid East) Oct 6: Yom Kippur War — Israel is attacked by Egypt and Syria, the war ends with a ceasefire.
(Mid East) Oct 22: Egypt defects to the American camp by accepting a US cease-fire proposal during the Oct 1973 war.
Dec 21, Geneva Conference to negotiate a solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Dec 28, Alexander Solzhenitsyn published "Gulag Archipelago" in Paris. It was an expose of the Soviet prison system.

1974 (Africa) Sep 12: The pro-Western monarch of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie, is ousted by a Marxist military junta known as the Derg.

(Asia) June: SEATO formally ends after France leaves the organization.
(Amer) Aug 9: Gerald Ford becomes President of the US upon the resignation of Nixon.

1975 (Asia) March 11 Vietnam War: A large-scale North Vietnamese offensive began with the conquest of Buon Ma Thuot.

(Asia) March 27 The Pathet Lao began a military offensive against the Laotian government.
(Asia) April 17: Khmer Rouge take power in Cambodia and begin a genocide later referred to as "The Killing Fields".
(Asia) April 30: North Vietnam invades South Vietnam. South Vietnam surrenders Fall of Saigon
(Asia) Nov 29: Pathet Lao takes power in Laos.
(Asia) May 12: Mayagüez incident: Khmer Rouge seize an American naval ship
(Africa) June 25: Portugal withdraws from Angola and Mozambique, Marxist governments are installed, Civil war in both nations
(Amer) July: The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, joint flight of the US and Soviet space programs.
(Eur) Aug 1: Helsinki Final Act of Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe
Oct 9, Sakharov was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
(Africa) Nov 11 Angolan Civil War: Portugal accepted a declaration of independence from the MPLA.
(Asia) Dec 2 The king of Laos abdicated, leaving leadership to Pathet Lao.

1976 (Amer) March 24: Coup d'état in Argentina. A Civil war against Argentine based guerrilla starts.

(Asia) July 20: US military personnel withdraw from Thailand.
(Asia) Sep 6, A Soviet pilot landed his MIG-25 in Tokyo and asked for political asylum in the United States.
(Asia) Sep 9: death of Mao Zedong

1977 (Eur) Jan 1: Charter 77 is signed by Czechoslovak intellectuals, including Václav Havel.

(Amer) Jan 20: Jimmy Carter becomes President of the US.
(Amer) June 6: Sec State Cyrus Vance assures Carter admin holds Soviets accountable for crackdowns on human rights activists.
(Africa) July 23: The Ogaden War begins with Somalia attacking Ethiopia.

1978 (Africa) March 15: The Ogaden War ends with a Somali defeat.

(Asia) April 27: Afghanistan President is overthrown and murdered in a coup led by procommunist rebels.
(Asia) Dec 25: A Communist regime is installed in Afghanistan
(Asia) Dec 25 Cambodian-Vietnamese War: Vietnamese army invaded Cambodia.

1979 (Asia) Jan 7: Vietnam deposes the Khmer Rouge and installs a pro-Vietnam, pro-Soviet government.

(Mid East) Jan 16: Iranian Revolution ousts Shah of Iran, and installs a theocracy under Khomeini. CENTO dissolves as a result.
(Asia) Feb 17: Sino-Vietnamese War, China launches a punitive attack on North Vietnam to punish it for invading Cambodia.
(Amer) May 9: War breaks out in El Salvador between Marxist-led insurgents and the US-backed government.
(Eur) June 2: Pope John Paul II begins his first pastoral visit to his native Poland.
(Amer) June 18: Jimmy Carter and Brezhnev sign SALT-II.
(Asia) July 3: Carter signs the first directive for secret aid to opponents of the pro-Soviet regime in Kabul, Afghanistan.
(Amer) July 19 Sandinista entered Managua.
(Amer) July 17: Marxist-led Sandinista revolutionaries overthrow the US-backed Somoza dictatorship in Nicaragua.
(Asia) Sep: Marxist president of Afghanistan, is deposed and murdered.
(Mid East) Nov 4: Islamist Iranian students take the American embassy hostage. The Iran hostage crisis lasts until Jan 20, 1981.

(Asia) Afghanistan War: (24 Dec 1979 - 2 Feb 1989)

(Asia) Dec 24: Soviet Union invades Afghanistan to save the crumbling Communist regime there, resulting in the end of Détente.

1980 (Amer) Feb 22: US Olympic Hockey Team defeats Soviet Union in Winter Olympics, in the Miracle on Ice.

(Eur) March 21: The US and its allies boycott the 1980 Summer Olympics (July 19–Aug 3) in Moscow.
(Eur) Aug 31: In Poland the Gdańsk Agreement is signed after a strike wave starting at the Lenin Shipyards in Gdańsk.

1981 (Amer) Jan 20: Reagan is inaugurated as the 40th President of the US.

(Mid East) Jan 20: Iran hostage crisis ends.
(Eur) May 13, John Paul II was shot and seriously wounded.
(Mid East) Aug 19: Gulf of Sidra Incident: Libyan planes attack US jets Two Libyan jets shot down, no American losses.
(Eur) Oct 27: A Soviet submarine, the U137, runs aground not far from the Swedish naval base at Karlskrona.
(Amer) Nov 23: The US Central Intelligence Agency begins to support anti-Sandinista Contras.
(Eur) Dec 13: Communist Gen. Jaruzelski introduced Martial law in Poland

1982 (Amer) April 2: Argentina invades the Falkland Islands, starting the Falklands War.

(Eur) May 30: Spain joins NATO.
(Mid East) June 6: Israel invades Lebanon to end raids and clashes with Syrian troops based there.
(Eur) Nov 10 Brezhnev died of a heart attack.
(Eur) Nov 14: Yuri Andropov becomes General Secretary of the Soviet Union.

1983 Mar 8, Pres Reagan called the USSR an "Evil Empire."

(Amer) March 23: Ronald Reagan proposes the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI, or "Star Wars").
(Asia) Sep 1: Korean Air Lines Flight 007 with 269 passengers, shot down by Soviets.
Sep 26, Soviet Union's early warning system wrongly signaled launch of a US missile.
(Amer) Oct 25: US invade Grenada
(Eur) Nov 2: Exercise Able Archer 83 - Soviet air defenses mistake a test of NATO's nuclear-release procedures as fake cover for a NATO attack; in response, Soviet nuclear forces are put on high alert.

1984 (Amer) Jan: US President Ronald Reagan outlines a foreign policy speech reinforcing his previous thoughts

(Eur) Feb 9 Andropov died
(Eur) Feb 13, Chernenko was chosen to be general secretary.
(Eur) July 28: Various allies of the Soviet Union boycott 1984 Summer Olympics.
(Amer) Aug 11, Reagan during a voice test "My fellow Americans, I'm pleased to tell you today that I've signed legislation that will outlaw Russia forever. We begin bombing in five minutes."
(Eur) Dec 16: Margaret Thatcher meets with Mikhail Gorbachev at Chequers.

1985 (Eur) March 10 Chernenko died of Emphysema.

(Eur) March 11: Mikhail Gorbachev becomes leader of the Soviet Union.
(Amer) May 20, FBI arrested John A. Walker. US Navy Chief Petty Officer spy.
(Eur) Aug 6: Soviet Union begins what it has announced is a 5-month unilateral moratorium on the testing of nuclear weapons.
(Eur) Nov 21: Reagan and Gorbachev meet for the first time at a summit in Geneva, they agree to two (later three) more summits.

1986 (Africa) Feb 13: France launches Operation Sparrowhawk in an effort to repulse the Libyan invasion of Chad.

(Mid East) April 15: US planes bomb Libya (Operation El Dorado Canyon).
(Eur) April 26: Chernobyl disaster
(Eur) Oct 11-12: Reykjavík Summit:
(Amer) Oct 17: Reagan signs into law approving $100 million of military and "humanitarian" aid for the Contras.
(Amer) Nov 3: Iran-Contra affair: Reagan administration announces that it has been selling arms to Iran to free hostages

1987 (Eur) May 28, West German pilot, landed a private plane in Moscow's Red Square.

(Eur) June: Gorbachev announces Glasnost and Perestroika.
(Eur) June 12: Reagan challenges Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall.
(Africa) Sep 10: The Battle of Cuito Cuanavale (Angola) begins.
(Amer) Dec 8 - The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty is signed in Washington, DC

1988 (Eur) Feb 22: Incident: USS Yorktown and USS Caron are rammed off Crimean peninsula after entering Soviet waters.

(Eur) May 11: Kim Philby dies in Moscow.
(Asia) May 15: The Soviets begin withdrawing from Afghanistan.
(Eur) May 29- Jun 1, Reagan and Gorbachev Moscow summit
(Eur) Jul 1, A four-day national conference of Communist Party members ended in Moscow.
(Africa) Dec 22: South Africa withdraws from South West Africa (Namibia).

1989 (Amer) Jan 20: George H. W. Bush is inaugurated as the 41st President of the US.

(Asia) Feb 2: Soviet troops withdraw from Afghanistan.
(Asia) May 15, Gorbachev arrived in Beijing for first Sino-Soviet summit.
(Asia) June 4: Tiananmen Square protests are crushed by the communist Chinese government.
(Eur) Aug: Solidarity Movement in Poland elects first non-communist government in Eastern Block.
(Eur)Oct 18: Hungary allows multiparty political system and free elections. 20-year rule of Erich Honecker ends in East Germany.
(Eur) Nov 9: The Berlin Wall is torn down.
Nov 11 El Salvador Civil War: The FMLN capture part of San Salvador.
(Eur) Nov 17 Velvet Revolution: An anti-Communist protest in Czechoslovakia was ended violently by the police.
(Eur) Dec 3 : Malta Summit, Gorbachev and George H. W. Bush declare that a long-lasting peaceful era has begun.
(Amer) Dec 14: Democracy is restored in Chile.
(Eur) Dec 16-25: Romanian Revolution. Rioters overthrow regime of Nicolae Ceauşescu, executing him and his wife, Elena.

1990 Jan 11, Gorbachev visited Lithuania

(Eur) Jan 31: The first McDonald's in Moscow, Russia opens.
(Eur) Feb 4, Cheering protesters thronged Moscow streets to demand that the Communists surrender their stranglehold on power.
(Eur) Feb 7, Communist Party agreed to let other political parties compete for control of the country.
(Eur) March 11 Singing Revolution: Lithuanian government declared its independence from the Soviet Union.
(Eur) Apr 1, More Soviet military vehicles rolled through Vilnius,
(Eur) May 29, Yeltsin was elected president of Russian republic
(Eur) June 9 Velvet Revolution: Elections in Czechoslovakia reduced the Communist Party to a minority.
(Eur) Jul 10, Gorbachev won re-election as leader of the Soviet Communist Party.
(Eur) Jul 27, White Russia declared independence.
(Eur) Sep 24, Supreme Soviet approval plan for switching to a free-market economy.
(Eur) Oct 3: Germany is reunified.
(Eur) Nov 9, Gorbachev signed non-aggression treaty with Germany
(Eur) Nov 19, Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) was signed in Paris.
(Eur) Dec 25, Gorbachev won sweeping new powers from the Congress of People’s Deputies.

1991 (Eur) Jan 11 Jan Events: Soviet troops violently seized important buildings in cities throughout Lithuania.

(Eur) Jan 13, Soviet troops besieged the Vilnius TV tower
(Eur) Mar 3, Latvia and Estonia voted to become independent of the USSR.
(Eur) Apr 1, The Warsaw Pact was officially dissolved.
(Eur) May, Victory Day parade, suspended with the collapse of the Soviet Union.
(Eur) Jun 5, Gorbachev delivered his delayed Nobel Peace lecture in Oslo, Norway,
(Eur) June 12 Russian presidential election, 1991: Boris Yeltsin was elected to the presidency of the Russian SFSR.
(Eur) Jun 20, Yeltsin was welcomed to the White House by President Bush.
(Eur) Jul 31, Bush and Gorbachev signed START I Treaty in Moscow.
(Eur) Aug 19: Soviet coup attempt of 1991. The Aug coup, in response to a new union treaty to be signed on Aug 20.
(Eur) Aug 20, More than 100,000 people rallied outside Russian Parliament building as protests against the Soviet coup increased.
(Eur) Aug 21, The hard-line coup against Gorbachev collapsed.
(Eur) Aug 22, Gorbachev returned to Moscow.
(Eur) Aug 24, Ukraine declared independence from USSR.
(Eur) Aug 25, White-Russia (Belarus) declared it's independence.
(Eur) Aug 26, Gorbachev promised national elections in a last-ditch effort to preserve his government,
(Eur) Aug 28, Gorbachev ordered a shake-up of the KGB and sacked his cabinet in the wake of the failed coup by hard-liners.
(Eur) Sep 6 Singing Revolution: The Soviet Union recognized the independence of the Baltic states.
Nov 2, Chechnya proclaimed independence following the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Nov 6, Yeltsin outlawed Communist Party.
Nov 7, Pro- and anti-Communist rallies took place in Moscow on the 74th anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution.
Dec 8 Commonwealth of Independent States, established
(Amer) Dec 25: Bush, after receiving a phone call from Yeltsin, delivers Christmas Day speech acknowledging end of Cold War
(Eur) Dec 25: Gorbachev resigns as President of the USSR. The hammer and sickle is lowered for the last time over the Kremlin.
Dec 26 The Soviet Union was officially self-dissolved. De jure Russian independence from self-dissolved USSR
Dec 28, Boris Yeltsin ordered state land privatized as he pushed ahead with his reforms.
(Eur) Dec 31: All Soviet institutions cease operations.
Dec, remains of Czar Nicholas II, his wife Empress Alexandra, and their five children, were exhumed from a mine shaft in Yekaterinburg.

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