Colonial Rule #3
I. Growth (17th century)
High Infant Mortality
Life Expectancy:
Smallpox.
25% of Children:
Colonial Population (1775):
More Males:
Females:
Families Unusually:
Many Married
Women Tended
Female Responsibilities:
II. New Immigration:
Scottish-Irish:
“Pennsylvania Dutch”
30 Years War (1618-48):
“Peculiar Institution”:
“Middle Passage”:
Charleston, SC
Huguenots:
Edict of Nantes (1695):
III. 13 Colonies:
New England:
Small Farms:
Middle Colonies:
“Bread Basket”: .
Southern Colonies:
Plantations:
Tobacco
Rice:
“Back Country”:
IV. Urban World:
Artisans:
Cottage Industry:
Fishing:
V. “Half-Way” Covenant (1662):
Salem Which Trials (1692):
VI. Great Awakening (1743):
George Whitefield & John Wesley:.
Jonathan Edwards
William and Gilbert Tennent:
Theodore Frelinghuysen:
VII. Colonial Newspapers:
Public Occurences (1690):
John Peter Zenger (1735):
VIII. Enlightenment (1650-1750):
Sir Isaac Newton:
John Locke:
Montesquieu:
Jean Jacques Rousseau:
Benjamin Franklin:
Self-Educated and Multitalented:
Poor Richard Almanac (1732):
Pennsylvania Gazette:
IX. Education
Parents
Harvard College (1636):
Latin & Greek:
Massachusetts (1647):
Bay Psalm Book (1640):
William & Mary (1690):
X. Art:
Benjamin West:
Artists:
XI. Music:
Choral & Organ Music:
XII. Shakespearean:
Thomas Kean (1750s):
XIII. Colonial Architects:
Southern Mansions:
XIV. Scarcity of Labor:
Indentured Servants:
“Freedom Dues”:
XV. Peculiar Institution:
Slave Codes:
Gullah Language:
Christian Church:
Planter’s Status:
Yeomen:
“White Crackers”:
Color:
Mulatto:
Slavery:
XVI. Triangular Trade:
English:
13 Colonies:
West Indies:
Africa:
XVII. Colonial Stability:
Pequot Indians (1637):
King Philip’s War (1675-76):
Bacon’s Rebellion (1676):
Domination of New England (1686-89):
Sir Edmund Andros:
Leisler’s Rebellion (1689-92):
New York (1723):
Stono Uprising (1739):
New York City (1741):
Paxton Boys (1764):
Regulator Movement (1768-71):
XVIII. Pioneers:
Conestoga Wagons:
“Log Cabin”
Subsistence Farming:
“Jack of all Trade”:
Pennsylvania Rifle:
XIX. Mercantilism:
Navigation Acts:
Board of Trade:
Molasses Act (1733):
XX. Salutary Neglect:
Empires Collide #4
I. France (16th Century)
Giovanni Da Verrazano (1524)
Jacques Cartier (1534 – 42)
Samuel de Champlain (1603 – 35)
Quebec (1603)
Montreal (1608)
Port Royal (1611)
St. Lawrence River
Algonquin
Iroquois
Fur Trapping
“Coureurs de Bois”
“Voyagers”
Life as…
Jesuit Missionaries
King Louis XIV (1663)
“Le Grand Monarque”
II. Mississippi River
Jacques Marquette (1673)
Louis Joliet
La Salle (1682)
“Louisiana”
Antoine Cadillac (1701)
Jean Baptiste le Moyne (1718)
Comte de Frontenac
French Settlers
Fishing
Fur Trapping
Catholic Church
Balance of Power
French & British
III. 4 Major Wars
King William’s War (1689 – 97)
Sir William Phips (1690)
Treaty of Ryswick (1697)
Queen Anne’s War (1702 – 13)
Dutch and British
Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
Nova Scotia
King George’s War (1744 – 48)
British and Austria
Frederick the Great
William Pepperrell
Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle (1748)
Louisbourg
European Coalitions
French
British
Seven Years’ War (1756 – 63)
English
French
Algonquins
Virginia Pioneers
Washington Family
French
Marquis Duquesne
IV. French – Indian War (1754 – 63)
Fort Necessity (1754)
George Washington
Albany Conference (1754)
Benjamin Franklin
“13 Colonies”
Edward Braddock (1755)
French – Indian Forces
Braddock
French Strategy
William Pitt (1757)
Lord John Loudoun
King Louis XV
King George II
Maria Theresa
Frederick the Great
Marquis Louis de Montalm
Louisbourg (1758)
Jeffery Amherst & James Wolfe
Fort Frontenac (1758)
John Bradstreet
Fort Duquesne (1758)
John Forbes
Crown Point & Fort Niagara (1759)
Quebec (Sept. 13, 1759)
Wolfe
Montcalm
Montreal (Sept. 8, 1760)
Jeffrey Amherst
Robert Clive (1759)
George Rodney (1762)
Treaty of Paris (Feb. 10, 1763)
England
French Territory
France
England (1763)
“Great War for Empire”
This War…
Pontiac’s Uprising (1763)
1. English Parliament
The American Revolution #5
I. British Parliamentary Actions
George Grenville
Proclamation of 1763
Pontiac
Sugar Act (April 5, 1764)
Currency Act (April 19, 1765)
Quartering Act (March, 24, 1765)
Stamp Act (March 22, 1765)
Sons of Liberty (July 1765)
Colonial Stamp Act Congress
Boycotting
Stamp Act (March 18, 1765)
King George III
William Pitt
Charles Lord Rockingham
Declaratory Act (March 1766)
James Otis
Charles Townshend
Townshend Acts (June – July 1767)
“Townshend Duties”
“Writs of Assistance”
John Dickinson
“Massachusetts Circular Letter”
Liberty (June 11, 1768)
II. Sons of Liberty
Frederick Lord North
Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770)
Twelve “Lobsters”
Crispus Attacks
John Adams
Colonists
Samuel Adams (Nov 2, 1772 – July 1773)
Committees of correspondences
Gaspee (June 10, 1772)
III. Tea Tax (May 10, 1773)
East India Tea Company
“A conflict of interest”
Letters of Pennsylvania Farmer
Boston Tea Party (Dec 16, 1773)
Sons of Liberty
Intolerable Acts (June 1774)
No Town Meetings
New Quartering
All British Military…
Martial Law
General Thomas Gage
10,000 “Redcoats”
Quebec Act (1774)
“Minutemen”
IV. First Continental Congress (Sept 5 – Oct 26 1774)
Suffolk Resolves
Joseph Galloway
Three Different Camps
“Tories”
“Patriots”
Undecided
Lord Chatham & Lord North (Feb 1775)
Patrick Henry
V. “Minutemen”
General Thomas Gage
“Redcoats (April 18, 1775)
Paul Revere
VI. Lexington (4/19/1775)
Major Thomas Pitcarin
Captain John Parker
VII. Concord (4/19/1775)
“Guerrilla Warfare”
VIII. Second Continental Conference (May 10, 1775)
George Washington (6/15/1775)
Bunker Hill (6/17/1775)
“Olive Branch Petition” (July 1775)
Prohibitory Act (Dec. 1775)
IX. Common Sense (January 1776)
Thomas Paine
Soldiers…
Seize Land…
Foreign Aid
John Locke
Richard Henry Lee (June 7, 1776)
John Dickinson
Articles of Confederation
Thomas Jefferson
X. Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)
Jefferson
27 Grievances
Right of Revolution
Democratic Government
John Locke
XI. Marquis Marie Joseph Lafayette
Von Steuben & Thaddeus Koscuiuszko
XII. Nathan Hale (9/22/1776)
XIII. Hessians
XIV. Saratoga (Oct 17,1777)
John Burgoyne
Valley Forge (1777 – 78)
French Alliance (Feb. 6, 1778)
XV. George Rogers Clark
XVI. Francis Marion
British Forces (1778)
XVII. “Privateers”
John Paul Jones
XVIII. Benedict Arnold (Sept 23, 1780)
XIX. Lord Cornwallis (Oct. 19, 1781)
Yorktown (1781)
Admiral de Grasse
General Rochambeau
Scattered Fighting
XX. Benjamin Franklin
XXI. Treaty of Paris (Sept. 3, 1783)
Fishing Rights
Western Lands
British Recognition
American Experiment #6
I. Articles of Confederation (Nov. 5, 1777)
John Dickinson (July 12, 1776)
Virginia, 1781
Loose Confederation
Unanimous Vote
Robert Morris
State Constitutions (1776)
Bill of Rights
Sovereignty of State
4 Greatest Accomplishments
Treaty of Paris, 1783
Land Ordinance, 1784
Land Ordinance 1785
Northwest Ordinance, 1786
Greatest Weaknesses
Levy Taxes
Armies
Newburgh Conspiracy, 1783
Jay – Gardoqui Negotiations, 1784 – 86
Shay’s Rebellion, 1786
Indian Attacks
Spanish Threats
Western Settlers
Daniel Boon
“Mob”
Aristocrats
Inflation
Depression
II. Mt. Vernon Convention (March 1785)
Interstate Commerce
III. Annapolis Convention (Sept. 1786)
Interstate Commerce
Leading Nationalists
Alexander Hamilton
IV. “Founding Fathers”
Athenian Democracy (550 BC)
Roman Republic (505 BC)
Magna Carta (1215)
English Law
Bill of Rights (1689)
Enlightenment, 1650 – 1750
Montesquieu / 3 Branches of Gov.
Voltaire
Jean Jacques Rousseau
John Locke
V. Philadelphia Convention (May 5, 1787)
65 Delegates
Only 55 Delegates…
Lawyers
Benjamin Franklin
Jonathan Dayton
James Madison
Thomas Jefferson
“Political Machine”
Strong Central Government
Secrecy
Rivalry
“Small States vs. Large States”
VI. Three Major Controversies
A. “Great Compromise”
Virginia Plan
Edmund Randolph
New Jersey Plan
William Paterson
Roger Sherman
Senate
Senators
House of Representatives
Representatives
“3/5 Compromise”
Importation, 1808
Question of Slavery
Nature of the Presidency
Electoral College
President
Ratification (June 21, 1788)
Tariff Issue
VII. Federal System
“Delegated Powers”
“Reserved Powers”
“Shared Powers”
“Elastic Clause”
VIII. Three Branches
Executive Branch
Requirements
Legislative Branch
Senate
House of Representatives
Judicial Branch
IX. 42 Delegates (Sept. 17, 1787)
X. New Hampshire (July 1788)
Only 9 States
XI. New York & Virginia
XII. Federalist Papers, 1788 – 89
85 Articles
Alexander Hamilton
“Anti-Federalists”
Samuel Adams
George Mason
Virginia (June 25, 1788)
New York (June 26, 1788)
North Carolina (Nov. 21, 1789)
Rhode Island (May 29, 1790)
XIII. U.S. Constitution
“Strict Construction”
“Loose Construction”
Federalist Era #7
I. Washington (1789)
John Adams
New York City
26 US Senators
59 Representatives
First Cabinet
Thomas Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton
Henry Knox
US Army
US Navy
Edmund Randolph
Samuel Osgood
Judiciary Act (Sept 24)
John Jay
Guardian
All 13 District
Northwest Ordinance (1787)
Vermont (1791), Kentucky (1792) & Tennessee (1796)
First Census, 3/1/1790
Philadelphia
Virginia
697,624 Black Slaves
Naturalization Act, 3/26/1790
II. Alexander Hamilton (1789 – 95)
Assumption Bill, 4/26/1790
Washington DC
National Bank
Excise Tax, 3/3/1791
“Whiskey Boys”
“Whiskey Rebellion”
General Harry Lee
Federal Government
Protective Tariff, 12/5/1791
Report on Manufactures (1790)
Hamilton vs. Jefferson
III. James Madison (Virginia), 9/25/1789
First 8 Amendments / “Bill of Rights”
Congress
IV. Washington (1792)
V. Two-Party System
Federalist Party
Strong Central
Commerce
Hamilton
Wealthy
Gazette of the United States
Republican Party
States’ Rights
Agricultural
Jefferson
National Gazette
VI. French Revolution (July 14, 1789)
Bastille
French Revolution
French “Philosophes”
Bloodshed & Violence
European Monarchs
France & England
American Politicians (1793)
Jefferson
Hamilton
Washington
Edmund “Citizen” Genet (April 1793)
Proclamation of Neutrality, 4/22/1793
British & French
VII. British Navy
John Jay
Jay’s Treaty, 11/19/1794
VIII. Indian Attacks
British Government
General Anthony Wayne, 1794
Treaty of Greenville, 1795
IX. Thomas Pinckney, 1795
Pinckney’s Treaty, 1795
US Navigation Rights
X. Washington’s Farewell Address, 1796
Isolationist
No Permanent Alliances
No Political Parties
Commercial Ties
Hamilton
XI. Washington (1798 – 97)
Dignity & Respect
Executive Privilege
Washington
XII. John Adams, 1796
Republicans
Electoral College
XIII. “XYZ Affair”, 1797
John Marshall
Talleyrand
Adams
“X, Y, & Z” Agents
Charles C. Pinckney, 10/18/1797
US Navy, 1798
XIV. Quasi War (1798 – 1800)
Adams Ordered
Alien Act
Naturalization Act
Sedition Act
Alien Enemy Act
Republicans, 1798
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
Jefferson & Madison
XV. Washington (1799)
XVI. Napoleon I (1800)
XVII. John Adams (1800)
Federalists
Adams
Jefferson & Aaron Burr
Attacks
Electoral College
House of Representatives
Republicans
XVIII. Judiciary Act (1801)
“Midnight Judges” (1801)
1. John Marshall (1801 – 35)
The Age of Jefferson #8
I. Thomas Jefferson (1800)
Jefferson, 4/13/1743
William & Mary (1760 – 62)
John Locke
Declaration of Independence, June – July 1776
Virginia Governor, 1779 – 81
Northwest Territory Ordinance, 1783
French Minister, 1784 – 89
US Secretary of State, 1789 – 94
US Vice President, 1797 – 1801
II. US President (1800)
“Common Man”
Strict Interpretation
James Madison
Albert Gallatin
III. Jefferson & Adams
Naturalization Act, 1798
Alien & Sedition Acts
Excise Tax
“Midnight Judges”, 1801 (Marbury v. Madison)
John Marshall
12th Amendment, 1804
IV. Louisiana Purchase, 1803
France, 1799
Napoleon Bonaparte, 1799 – 1815
Haiti
French Invasion, 1800
British Navy
Napoleon I, 1802
Jefferson, 1802
Rufus King
Robert Livingston
James Monroe
Jefferson’s Advisors
Federalist Congressmen
Louisiana Purchase, 1803
$15 Million
Lewis & Clark, 1804 – 06
Meriwether Lewis
William Clark
Lewis & Clark Expedition
Sacagawea
York
Lewis & Clark (5/14/1804)
2 ½ Years, 1804 – 06
Journals of Lewis and Clark
Zebulon Pike, 1805 – 07
Rocky Mountains
Spanish Government
Pike’s Accounts
IV. Jefferson’s Re-election, 1804
Charles C. Pinckney
Aaron Burr
Hamilton & Burr
Burr, 7/11/1804
Burr’s Empire, 1806
Burr’s Trial
During Napoleonic Wars, 1804 – 15
US Traded
Trafalgar, 1805
Orders in Council
US Merchant Ships
US “Blockade Running”
Impressment
Non-Importation Act, 1806
Barbary Coast Pirates, 1800 – 15
Arab-Moslem Pirates
US Intrepid, 2/16/1804
USS Philadelphia, 6/4/1805
Barbary Pirates
Chesapeake – Leopard, 6/22/1807
Leopard…
Impressment
Embargo Act, 12/22/1807
New England Merchants
Jefferson, 1808
James Madison, 1808
“Father of the Constitution”
US Secretary of State, 1801 – 09
Non-Importation / 3rd Embargo Act, 3/12/1808
V. James Madison, 1808
Non-Intercourse Act, 3/1/1809
Napoleon I
Macon’s Bill #2, 5/1/1810
“War Hawks”, 1810
Chief Tecumseh
Tippecanoe, 11/7/1811
VII. Madison’s Re-Election, 1812
Neutrality
Madison’s War Message, 6/1/1812
VIII. War of 1812, (1812 – 15)
US “Privateers”
British Royal Navy
Oliver H. Perry, 1813
Battle of the Thames, 10/5/1813
Chief Tecumseh
Battle of Horseshoe Bend, 3/27/1814
Creek Threat
Thomas MacDonough, 9/11/1814
Washington DC (Aug. 24-25, 1814)
Francis Scott Key (Sept. 12-14, 1814)
Treaty of Ghent, 12/24/1814
Hartford Convention, 12/15/1814
26 Federalist Anti-War…
Grievances
States’ Rights
Battle of New Orleans, 1/8/1815
Edward Packenham
Andrew Jackson
National Pride
Nation Building #9
I. James Madison, 1815
Contesoga Wagon
Henry Clay, 1816
National Bank
Transportation
Protective Tariff
National Road, 1811
Connected…
Vandalia (Illinois
Lancaster Turnpike
II. System of Canals
Erie Canal Project, 1817
Erie Canal, 1825
Details…
Pennsylvania, 1826
Ohio, 1833
Illinois – Michigan Canal, 1848
III. Flatboats
Down river
IV. John Fitch, 8/22/1787
Robert Fulton (Aug. 17-21, 1807)
New Orleans, 1811-12
V. Railroads
Baltimore-Ohio Railroad, 7/4/1828
Peter Cooper / “Tom Thumb”, 1828
Charleston, 1833
VI. Industrial Revolution
English Parliament
James Watt, 1769
US (1770s – 90s)
Samuel Slater
Moses Brown, 1798
Francis Cabot Lowell, 1814
“Lowell System”
“Factory System”
VII. Alexander Hamilton
Inventions
Eli Whitney, 1793
Interchangeable Parts, 1800
Mass Production
“Laissez Faire”
VIII. Pioneers
“Contesoga” Covered Wagons
Log Cabin
Survival Strategy
Social Life
IX. Henry Clay
Clay
John C. Calhoun
Daniel Webster
X. James Monroe, 1816
US Secretary of State
Daniel D. Tompkins
Rufus King
John E. Howard
Electoral College, 1816
“Era of Good Feeling”, 1817-25
Hamilton’s Domestic Policies
“Virginia Dynasty” 1789 – 1825
Foreign Affairs
XI. John Q. Adams
Rush – Bagot Treaty
Convention of 1818
Andrew Jackson, 1816-18
Adams-Onis Treaty, 2/22/1819
Latin America, 1822
Quadruple Alliance, 1822
Monroe Doctrine, 12/2/1823
European Countries
United States
British Royal Navy
XII. American Expansion
John Jacob Astor, 6/23/1810
American Fur Company, April 1811
“Mountain Men”
Jim Bridger
Jedediah Strong Smith, 1798-1831
“Jed” Smith
Mojave Desert, 1826-27
Sierra Nevadas
Stephen S. Long, 1819-20
“Great American Desert”
Sac & Fox Indians, 1831-32
Chief Black Hawk
“Abe” Lincoln
Indian Removal
XIII. Missouri Compromise, 1821
Sectional Rivalry
XIV. John Marshal, 1801 – 35
Marbury v. Madison, 1803
“Judicial Review”
Fletcher v. Peck, 1810
Supreme Court
McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819
State Tax
Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 1819
Supreme Court
Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824
Supreme Court
XV. US Population
Western Migration
Over 1/3
European Immigration
New York City, 1830
XVI. Andrew Jackson, 1824
XVII. “Second Great Awakening”
Age of Perfection #10
I. Second Great Awakening
Emotional Reaction
Timothy Dwight, 1795
Revivalist Camp
Francis Asbury
Baptist & Presbyterian
Female Converts
Many New Religious…
Holy Bible
Seventh Day Adventists
William Miller
“Fox Sisters”
II. Mormons, 1820s
Joseph Smith, Jr. 1820
“Golden Tables” 1823
Book of Mormon, 4/6/1830
Cooperative Communities
Kirkland, 1831
Polygamy, 1844
Brigham Young, 1847
Great Salt Lake, 7/24/1847
III. Social Reform
Converts
Lyman Beecher
Presbyterians & Congregationalists, 1810
Samuel John Mills, 1816
American Tract Society, 1825
Middle-Class Women, 1816-17
Evangelicans
Charles G. Finney, 1821
“Social Gospel”
“Burned – Over – District”
Temperance Crusade
“Western Corn Whiskey”
Rum & Brandy
Hard Liquor… Alcoholism
Consumption, 1820s
Alcoholism
Drunkenness
Women
Social Evils
American Temperance, 1826
Alcoholism
Their Major Goal
5,000 Local (1834)…
National Consumption, 1830s
“Benevolent Empire”, 1830s
IV. Communal Living
Mother Ann Lee
20 “Shaker”, 1830
“Self-Sufficient”
6,000 Members, 1840
John Humphrey Noyes
Oneida, New York
Robert Owen, 1825
Cooperative Labor
Transcendentalists
Transcendental Club, 1836
Brook Farm, 1841
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Henry David Thoreau
Walt Whitman
Margaret Fuller
Frances Wright
Nashoba
V. Human Perfectibility
Educational Opportunity
1. Predominately Rural
New England
1. Horace Mann, 1837
Thaddeus Stevens, 1834
South Carolina
Public Education
1. Political Reformers
Industrial Leaders
Noah Webster, 4/21/1828
D. Most Colleges
1. University of Virginia, 1819
2. Philanthropists
3. Lyceum Movement
Subscription Libraries
VI. American Literature
Knickerbocker Literary Club
Washington Irving
James Fenimore Cooper
William Culen Bryant
New England Poets
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
John Greenleaf Whitter
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes
James Russell Lowell
Other American…
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Edgar Allan Poe
Walt Whitman
American Historians
George Bancroft, 1800-91
Publications
New York Sun, 1833
Horace Greeley, 1841
VII. Dawn of Scientific Achievements
Benjamin Silliman, 1779-1872
VIII. Artistic Achievements
George Catlin, 1796-1872
John James Audubon, 1785-1851
IX. Women’s Rights
Cult of Domesticity
Women Met…
Prejudice & Discrimination
Seneca Falls Conference (July 12-19, 1848)
Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Women’s Declaration
Susan B. Anthony
Emma Willard, 6/1/1821
Oberlin College, 1835
Mount Holyoke, 1837
Elmira College, 1855
Dorothea Dix, 1840s
Elizabeth Blackwell, 1849
Emily Dickinson, 1830-86
Antointte Brown Blackwell
Age of Jackson #11
I. Andrew Jackson
South Carolina, 1767
American Revolutionary… 1780
Tennessee Frontier
Rachel D. Robards, 1791
Hermitage Plantation
“American Dream”
II. Horseshoe Bend
Battle Of New Orleans, 1/8/1815
Seminole (1817-18)
Territorial Governor, 7/1/1821
U.S. Senator, 1823
III. U.S. Presidential nomination, 3/4/1824
John Q. Adams (Mass)
William Crawford (Georgia)
Henry Clay (Kentucky)
Suffrage (1824)
IV. “Corrupt Bargain”
Henry Clay, 3/7/1825
“Judas of the West”
John Q. Adams, 1825-29
V. “Tariff of Abominations” 1828
“Nullification”
VI. “Democrats” 1828
“Adulter”
“Era of the Common Man”
“King Mob”
VII. Civil Service Reform
“Spoils System”
“Kitchen Cabinet”
Duff Green
Amos Kendall
Nomination Convention
“Favorite Son”
Platform
VIII. “King Veto”
Maysville Road Bill, 1830
IX. Webster – Hayne Debate, 1830
Robert Hayne
Daniel Webster
X. Tariff of 1832
John C. Calhoun
“Preservation”
Force Bill
Henry Clay
Compromise Tariff, 1833
XI. Second Bank of US, 1816
Nicholas Biddle
McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819
States’ Rights
“Czar Nicholas I”
Clay & Biddle, 1832
Thomas Hart Benton
“The Monster”
Jackson’s Veto
Roger B. Taney, 1832
Specie Circular, 7/11/1836
Panic of 1837 (Feb)
XII. Indian Removal Policy
Tecumseh & Prophet, 1811-13
Bureau of Indian Affairs, 1824
James Monroe, 1824
Removal Act, 1830
Black Hawk, (4/6 – 8/2 1832)
Worcester v. Georgia, 1832
Osceola, 1835-37
Jackson
Southern “Planters” & Cotton
“Trails of Tears” 1838-39
645 Wagons
“5 Civilized Tribes”
XIII. John H. Eaton, 1831
Peggy O’Neale
John C. Calhoun
Martin Van Buren, 4/7/1831
XIV. Alexis de Tocquerville, 1831-32
Democracy in America, 1835
XV. “Old Hickory”, 5/21-22/1832
Martin Van Buren
Roger B. Taney, 12/28/1835
Texas Revolt, 3/1/1836
XVI. “Whig” (4/14/1834)
XVII. Martin Van Buren (2/8/1836)
Richard M. Johnson
Daniel Webster
William H. Harrison
170 Electoral Votes (12/7/1836)
“Panic of 1837” (Feb)
XVIII. William H. Harrison, 12/4/1839
“Tippecanoe & Tyler, Too”
Harrison, 1841
John Tyler, 4/4
“Texas Issue”
XIXI. James Knox Polk (1844)
A. “Manifest Destiny” 1845
Manifest Destiny #12
I. John L. O’Sullivan, 1845
3 Major Concepts…
Divine Support
Democratic Institutions
Self-Protection
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