Commissions cp neg

2. Wrecks education by crowding out topic specific strategies and warping what an opportunity cost is

CP’s have to be functionally and textually competitive-key to solve bad CP’s like conditions, consult and delay.

AND--Should means desirable

http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/should

verb (3rd sing. should) 1used to indicate obligation, duty, or correctness, typically when criticizing someone’s actions: he should have been careful I think we should trust our people more you shouldn’t have gone indicating a desirable or expected state: by now pupils should be able to read with a large degree of independence used to give or ask advice or suggestions: you should go back to bed what should I wear?

1AR AT: Increase

Increase is to make greater

Dictionary.com Unabridged

[Based on the Random House Dictionary, Random House, Inc. 2010., "Increase," http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/increase)

in·crease   [v. in-krees; n. in-krees] Show IPA verb, -creased, -creas·ing, noun

–verb (used with object)

1.to make greater, as in number, size, strength, or quality; augment; add to: to increase taxes.

1AR AT: Resolved

Resolved means by vote

Webster’s 1998

Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1998 (dictionary.com)

Resolved: 5. To express, as an opinion or determination, by resolution and vote; to declare or decide by a formal vote; — followed by a clause; as, the house resolved (or, it was resolved by the house) that no money should be apropriated (or, to appropriate no money).

1AR AT: Should

“Should” is distinct from “must”- it allows exceptions

Franzel, GAO Financial Management and Assurance director, 8

(Jeanette M., US Government Accountability Office, "Exposure Draft of Proposed Changes to the International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing," 3-31-2008, www.gao.gov/govaud/cl_iia080331.pdf)

The second sentence of the “must” definition used in the exposure draft instructions is more aligned with the definition of “should” as used by other standards setters, including GAO. The definition of “should” as used by GAO, which is intended to be consistent with the definition used by the AICPA and the PCAOB, indicates a presumptively mandatory requirement and contains the following language: “…in rare circumstances, auditors and audit organizations may depart from a presumptively mandatory requirement provided they document their justification for the departure and how the alternative procedures performed in the circumstances were sufficient to achieve the objectives of the presumptively mandatory requirement.” Page 3 We suggest that the IIA move the second sentence of the “must” definition to the “should” definition. The definition of “must” needs to be clear that “must” indicates an unconditional requirement and that another procedure cannot substitute for a “must.” Also, we suggest adding language to the definition of “should” to indicate that substituting another procedure for a “should” requirement is allowed only if the auditors document their justification for the departure from the “should” and how the alternative procedures performed in the circumstances were sufficient to achieve the objectives of the “should” requirement. The IIA should review every “must” requirement in the Standards to determine whether there are acceptable alternatives to the procedure; if so, “should” is the appropriate word.

1AR AT: Substantially

Substantially” means to large extent

Merriam-Webster, 2002

(Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary Tenth Edition http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary)

To a great extent or degree

Solvency/Turns

AT: NOP Helps Econ

NOP key to the economy

Chasis 12 - Chasis is a director and part of NRDC's ocean initiative, (Sarah Chasis, “Attacks Threaten the Health of Our Oceans and Economy”, 5/07/2012, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sarah-chasis/attacks-threaten-the-health-of-our-oceans_b_1497707.html

The target of these attacks is the National Ocean Policy (NOP), a landmark effort to safeguard our oceans and coasts, in much the same way the Clean Water Act protects our waters and the Clean Air Act reduces pollution in our air. Recommended by two separate bipartisan commissions, the National Ocean Policy will ensure that important habitats for fish and ocean wildlife remain intact, that our beaches are clean and that renewable energy facilities are located correctly to do the most good and the least harm.¶ As part of an ongoing effort to weaken environmental protections across the board, Republicans in Congress have launched a partisan attack to defund the National Ocean Policy. Falsely labeling it as additional bureaucracy, they’ve built fear around a common-sense management system for our oceans.¶ The reality is that the National Ocean Policy will reduce waste, inefficiency and delay in our government. Currently, more than 20 agencies and 140 laws govern our oceans, each with their own agendas and conflicting mandates. Management is often done on an ad hoc basis, without considering how the actions of one industry, such as oil and gas development, will affect other activities, such as fishing, tourism and recreation.¶ The National Ocean Policy is designed to bring order to this chaos and to ensure better stewardship of our valuable ocean resources. It will require that all agencies that play a role in ocean-related work finally coordinate their efforts. By engaging federal agencies with regional, state and tribal initiatives, the National Ocean Policy will ensure that stakeholders at every level have a say in the future of our oceans.¶ With our economy still struggling to recover, this smart ocean management will help preserve and create American jobs in ocean-related industries. In 2009 alone, ocean-related tourism and recreation generated more than 1.8 million jobs and contributed more than $61 billion to the nation’s GDP. That same year, the commercial fishing industry supported more than 1 million jobs. In fact, the U.S. ocean economy is larger than the entire U.S. farm sector.

NOP solves econ - EEZ

Conathan 11 - Michael Conathan is the Director of Ocean Policy at American Progress, (Michael Conathan) “National Ocean Policy: A Path to America’s Ocean Future”, October 26, 2011, http://www.americanprogressaction.org/issues/green/report/2011/10/26/10451/national-ocean-policy-a-path-to-americas-ocean-future/
America’s exclusive economic zone, the biggest in the world, presents a unique regulatory and environmental challenge but also a tremendous economic opportunity. We have seen how the policies of the past—a first-come, first-served gold rush approach—lead to chaos and delay. Lack of certainty leads to a lack of financing. A lack of financing means a lack of economic growth. And a lack of growth means a lack of jobs. Until we create and implement a process that brings all stakeholders to the table to air grievances and develop solutions, we will continue to stagger along in a series of fits, starts, and lawsuits that will leave America’s ocean industries falling farther behind our international counterparts and adversely affect our environmental resources.¶ The National Ocean Policy recognizes that now is the time for common sense and partnership, not nonsense and partisanship, as we determine how to manage our invaluable oceans, coasts, and Great Lakes. Support for the National Ocean Policy is support for the future of America’s maritime industries and our marine environment.

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