Crosswalk of ar-gap mapped Vegetation Types to the U. S. National Vegetation Classification

1 16

3 6

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AR-GAP level 6 mapping units are equivalent to or coarser than the U.S. National Classification Alliance level; no U.S. Classification Alliance corresponds to more than one AR-GAP level 6 unit.

Shortleaf Pine Forest Alliance

CONCEPT: Forests dominated by Pinus echinata, which on very dry sites may be virtually the only tree species present.

Other pine species may be present in small amounts, and these include Pinus taeda, Pinus virginiana, Pinus pungens, and

Arkansas has Vaccinium elliottii, Aesculus pavia var. pavia, and Chasmanthium laxum. Common herbaceous species in

this coastal plain association include Smilax glauca, Silphium compositum, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, Scleria

oligantha, Piptochaetium avenaceum, and Tephrosia virginiana. Some associations can result from natural or anthropogenic

disturbances such as fire or windstorms, while others occur naturally on the landscape, maintained by edaphic situations, and

may even be "climax" on these sites. Soils of these forests are acidic and are derived from sandstone, chert or granitic rock situated on ravines, ridges, and steep, often south-facing, slopes; the surface is often rocky. In the coastal plain, this alliance is particularly typical of clay soils, on hillsides, ridges, flats, and low hills. In the Ouachita Mountains and Ozarks, forests of this alliance typically occur on south-facing slopes and saddles, and rocky outcrops and bluffs, but may also occur on lower, north-facing slopes. This is a wide-ranging alliance and currently is known to occur in the Cumberland Plateau and Mountains, Southern Blue Ridge, Arkansas Valley, Ouachita Mountains and Ozarks, and Gulf Coastal Plain, and is likely in the Piedmont.

SIMILAR ALLIANCES:

COMMENTS:

RANGE: This alliance is found in southern Missouri, Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North

Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and West Virginia. This is a wide-ranging alliance and currently is known

to occur in the Cumberland Plateau and Mountains, Southern Blue Ridge, Arkansas Valley, Ouachita Mountains and Ozarks, and

Gulf Coastal Plain, and is likely in the Piedmont.

TNC ECOREGIONS: 38:C, 39:C, 40:C, 41:?, 42:C, 43:C, 44:C, 50:C, 51:C, 52:P, 53:C

FEDERAL LANDS: DOD (Camp Robinson, Fort Benning); NPS (Buffalo, Great Smoky Mountains?, Shiloh); TVA (Tellico); USFS

(Angelina?, Bankhead?, Bienville, Chattahoochee, Cherokee?, Daniel Boone, Davy Crockett?, De Soto, Holly Springs, Mark

Twain, Nantahala, Oconee, Ouachita, Ozark, Sabine?, Sam Houston?, St. Francis, Sumter, Talladega?, Tombigbee, Tuskegee)

SYNONYMY: IA6a. Dry Shortleaf Pine - Oak - Hickory Forest, in part (Allard 1990); IA7a. Xeric Shortleaf Pine - Oak Forest

(Allard 1990); Dry Shortleaf Pine-Oak Forest, in part (Foti 1994); Pinus echinata Forest Series, in part (Hoagland 1997); Pine -

Oak Heath, in part (Nelson 1986); Shortleaf Pine CP, BR, RV (Pyne 1994); TIA9bI1a. Pinus echinata (Foti et al. 1994);

Shortleaf Pine: 75, in part (Eyre 1980).

REFERENCES: Allard 1990, Allred and Mitchell 1955, Bruner 1931, Cain and Shelton 1994, Eyre 1980, Faber-Langendoen et al. 1996, Foti et al. 1994, Fountain and Sweeney 1987, Frothingham et al. 1926, Hoagland 1997, Nelson 1986, Racine 1966

Shortleaf Pine / Wax-myrtle - Sweetleaf Forest

Shortleaf Pine / (Farkleberry, Hillside Blueberry, Deerberry) Forest

[Shortleaf Pine / Blueberry Forest]

AR-GAP T.1.A.9.b.II

Pinus taeda

loblloly pine
I.A.8.N.b.16 PINUS TAEDA FOREST ALLIANCE (DJA ) (A.130 SCS SL)

Loblolly Pine Forest Alliance

CONCEPT: This alliance includes both successional forests, following cropping or site conversion, and natural forests in the

Piedmont and coastal plain of the southeastern United States. Other canopy and subcanopy species that may be present in

successional stands are Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer rubrum, Liquidambar styraciflua, Pinus virginiana, Juniperus virginiana

var. virginiana, Quercus stellata, Quercus velutina, Ulmus rubra, Quercus alba, Nyssa sylvatica, Ulmus alata, Cornus florida,

Prunus serotina var. serotina, and Carya spp. Vaccinium spp., especially Vaccinium stamineum, are common in these

forests. One association in this alliance occurs on barrier islands in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. Along with the dominant

present in abundance; Vitis rotundifolia is most commonly present, but Toxicodendron radicans, Smilax rotundifolia, Smilax

particularly if shrubs and vines are dense, but Chasmanthium laxum may be fairly abundant in this community. Other herbs

include Panicum amarum var. amarulum, Eupatorium hyssopifolium, and Elephantopus nudatus. In southern Virginia and

North Carolina, Quercus virginiana and Gelsemium sempervirens may also be present, but Quercus virginiana is never

abundant and when present is usually restricted to the understory. Pinus taeda may occur rarely in the Ouachita Mountains

and Ozarks of Arkansas where the species is becoming naturalized, expanding from its native range in the coastal plain, where it

naturally occurs in low, moist areas (e.g. deep, well-drained soils of floodplains). However, a natural Pinus taeda forest

association is not recognized for the Ozark or Ouachita region.

SIMILAR ALLIANCES:

COMMENTS: Many associations listed here need to be transferred to I.A.8.C.x.9 Pinus taeda Planted Forest Alliance (A.99).

Associations occur as plantations and on old fields on Coastal Plain, and other woodlands dominated by Pinus taeda are found

in the II.A.4.N.a.28 Pinus taeda Woodland Alliance (A.526).

RANGE: This alliance is found in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South

Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania (?), Virginia, and West Virginia (?).

TNC ECOREGIONS: 40:C, 41:C, 42:P, 43:P, 44:P, 50:C, 51:?, 52:P, 53:P, 56:C, 57:C, 58:C, 62:C

FEDERAL LANDS: NPS (Assateague Island, Cape Hatteras, Chickamauga-Chattanooga, Kennesaw Mountain, Shiloh?); TVA

(Land Between the Lakes, Tellico); DOD (Fort Benning, Fort Gordon); USFS (Angelina, Bienville, Conecuh, Croatan, Davy

Crockett, De Soto, Francis Marion, Holly Springs, Homochitto, Kisatchie, Oconee, Sabine, Sam Houston, Sumter, Talladega,

Tombigbee, Tuskegee, Uwharrie?)

SYNONYMY: Lowland Pine-Oak Forest (Foti 1994); Upland Mixed Forest (Florida Natural Areas Inventory 1992a); no equivalent

(Diamond 1993); Upland Mixed Forest, Gumbo Loblolly Forest subtype (Florida Natural Areas Inventory 1992b); TIA9bII2a.

Pinus taeda (Foti et al. 1994); Loblolly Pine: 81, in part (Eyre 1980).

REFERENCES: Cain and Shelton 1994, Eyre 1980, Felix et al. 1983, Florida Natural Areas Inventory 1992b, Foti et al. 1994,

Martin and Smith 1991, Martin and Smith 1993
Pinus taeda / Rhus copallinum Forest (JEM 12-94) (CEGL007108 SCS 900-40)

Loblolly Pine / Winged Sumac Forest

Loblolly Pine / Sweetleaf - Wax-myrtle - Mayberry Forest

Eastern Red-cedar Forest Alliance

CONCEPT: Forests in this alliance are strongly dominated by Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana on usually high pH,

fire-suppressed sites or old fields, but also mature (100+ year) stands, on limestone or chalk, mostly in blacklands, but

occasionally on sandstone (Oklahoma). This alliance is most common in old fields and pastures, successional cleared land, and

other various disturbed areas, especially on calcareous rocks. The growth of low Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana may be

very dense, and the stature may be rather low. In Tennessee examples, other species that may occur in the canopy include

Carya alba, Carya ovata, Cercis canadensis, and Pinus virginiana. Various oaks (including Quercus coccinea, Quercus

falcata, and Quercus phellos) also may be present. The midstory is typically sparse, with canopy species as well as

Cornus florida, Ilex opaca, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Prunus serotina var. serotina. Frangula caroliniana may occur in

several strata. Herb distribution is patchy, and typical species include Asplenium platyneuron, Chasmanthium laxum,

the margins of Chalk Prairies.

SIMILAR ALLIANCES:

COMMENTS:

RANGE: This alliance is found in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma,

South Carolina (?), Tennessee, Iowa, Missouri, Virginia (?), West Virginia(?), and elsewhere.

TNC ECOREGIONS: 32:C, 33:C, 37:C, 38:C, 39:C, 40:C, 43:C, 44:C, 50:P, 51:?, 52:?, 53:P

FEDERAL LANDS: COE (J. Percy Priest); DOD (Arnold, Camp Gruber); NPS (Chickamauga-Chattanooga, Chickasaw, Russell

Cave, Shiloh, Stones River); USFS (Bankhead, Cherokee?, Daniel Boone, Ouachita, Ozark); TVA (Columbia, Tellico)

SYNONYMY: No equivalent (Evans 1991); TIA9cI1a. Juniperus virginiana (Foti et al. 1994); Eastern Redcedar: 46, in part

(Eyre 1980).

REFERENCES: Andreu and Tukman 1995, Eyre 1980, Foti et al. 1994

Eastern Red-cedar - (Oak species) Forest

Eastern Red-cedar / Little Bluestem Forest

Shortleaf Pine - (White Oak, Southern Red Oak, Post Oak, Black Oak) Forest Alliance

CONCEPT: Dry-mesic forests with mixed evergreen and deciduous canopies where Pinus echinata and one or more of the

nominal Quercus spp. occur in varying ratios. Quercus rubra codominates in associations in the Ozarks and Ouachita

Mountains. Other common species include Carya alba, Carya texana, Sassafras albidum, Oxydendrum arboreum, Acer

rubrum, Nyssa sylvatica, Cornus florida, Vaccinium arboreum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium stamineum, Chimaphila

maculata, Tephrosia virginiana, Coreopsis major, and others. Forests in this alliance occur primarily on dry hilltops, upper

slopes, and ridges on acidic soils. It currently is known to occur in the Ouachita Mountains, Ozarks, Upper West Gulf Coastal

Plain, and the Piedmont north to Virginia. Associations have been defined in Arkansas, Illinois, Louisiana, Missouri, Ohio,

Oklahoma, and Texas. However the alliance is thought to also occur in Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina,

Virginia, South Carolina, and Tennessee. In Mississippi, this vegetation would be more likely found in the middle and inner

coastal plain.

SIMILAR ALLIANCES:

COMMENTS: This type is recognized as distinct in both Arkansas and the Midwest. It contains oaks such as Quercus alba,

there are many forests dominated by Pinus echinata and Quercus rubra; as described in CEGL007489. Even though

RANGE: This alliance is found in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North

Carolina, Ohio, Virginia, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas.

TNC ECOREGIONS: 32:C, 38:C, 39:C, 40:C, 41:P, 43:P, 44:P, 50:C, 52:C, 53:P, 56:P, 57:P

FEDERAL LANDS: DOD (Fort Benning); NPS (Hot Springs, Kennesaw Mountain, Shiloh?); USFS (Angelina, Bankhead?,

Chattahoochee, Daniel Boone, Davy Crockett, Kisatchie, Oconee, Ouachita, Ozark, Sabine, Sam Houston, St. Francis, Sumter,

Talladega?, Uwharrie)

SYNONYMY: IA6a. Dry Shortleaf Pine - Oak - Hickory Forest, in part (Allard 1990); Dry Shortleaf Pine - Oak Forest (Foti

1994); Dry Oak--Hickory Forest, in part (Schafale and Weakley 1990); Pinus echinata - Quercus alba - Quercus velutina

forest association (Hoagland 1997); Shortleaf Pine-White Oak CUPL (Pyne 1994); Mixed Oaks-Shortleaf Pine HR (Pyne 1994);

Shortleaf Pine-Oak Series, in part (Diamond 1993); T1B3aII3b. Quercus alba - Pinus echinata - Quercus (velutina, falcata)

(Foti et al. 1994); Shortleaf Pine - Oak: 76, in part (Eyre 1980).

REFERENCES: Allard 1990, Campbell et al. 1996, Diamond 1993, Eyre 1980, Faber-Langendoen et al. 1996, Foti and Guldin

1994, Foti et al. 1994, Fountain and Sweeney 1985, Fountain and Sweeney 1987, Hoagland 1997, Johnson 1986, Kennedy 1973, Martin and Smith 1991, Martin and Smith 1993, Rice and Penfound 1959, Schafale and Weakley 1990, United States Forest Service 1990

Shortleaf Pine - (White Oak, Red Oak) / (Hillside Blueberry, Farkleberry) / Little Bluestem - Longleaf Spanglegrass - Elmleaf

Goldenrod Forest
Pinus echinata - Quercus velutina - Quercus stellata / Vaccinium spp. Forest (DFL) (CEGL002401 MCS 460-10)

Shortleaf Pine - Black Oak - Post Oak / Blueberry species Forest

[Shortleaf Pine - Black Oak Forest]


AR-GAP T.1.B.2.b.III

Pinus taeda - - Pinus echinata - Quercus spp.

loblloly pine - shortleaf pine - oak
I.C.3.N.a.13 PINUS ECHINATA - PINUS TAEDA - QUERCUS (ALBA, FALCATA, STELLATA) FOREST ALLIANCE (TF/PH 96-11)

(A.393 SCS MP)

Shortleaf Pine - Loblolly Pine - (White Oak, Southern Red Oak, Post Oak) Forest Alliance

CONCEPT: Dry-mesic forests codominated by Pinus echinata and Pinus taeda with some combination of the nominal

oaks. Associated woody species include Carya alba, Carya texana, Vaccinium spp., Viburnum dentatum, and Callicarpa

or Pinus echinata on the dry end and Pinus taeda on the mesic end. These forests occur on side and mid slopes, and in

flatwoods environments. Within the longleaf range, these forests are transitional from Pinus palustris on the hilltops to

hardwood-dominated forests downslope. Outside of the longleaf range, Pinus echinata - Quercus spp. forests and woodlands

occur on the hilltops. A variety of different associations remain to be delineated inside and outside of the range of Pinus

palustris. This alliance also includes successional forests of the Ouachita Mountains.

SIMILAR ALLIANCES:

COMMENTS:

RANGE: This alliance is found in Alabama (?), Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi (?), Oklahoma, and Texas.

TNC ECOREGIONS: 31:P, 39:C, 40:C, 41:C, 42:P, 43:?, 53:C, 56:P

FEDERAL LANDS:

SYNONYMY: IA6e. Loblolly Pine - Shortleaf Pine - Oak Forest, in part (Allard 1990); 1B3aIII4a. Pinus echinata - Pinus taeda -

Quercus spp. (stellata, alba, falcata) (Foti et al. 1994).

REFERENCES: Allard 1990, Cain and Shelton 1994, Foti et al. 1994, Halls and Homesley 1966

Shortleaf Pine - Loblolly Pine - (White Oak, Southern Red Oak, Post Oak) Forest

Loblolly Pine - (Sweetgum, Tuliptree) Forest Alliance

CONCEPT: Forests in this alliance are successional loblolly pine - mixed hardwood-dominated and follow cropping. Quercus

spp. may be present or absent, but are not abundant. Acer rubrum var. rubrum is a common associated species.

Topographic settings and substrates for this alliance may vary considerably, because the majority of its occurrences follow

clearcut logging or agricultural cropping. These forests occur in the North Carolina and South Carolina Piedmont, and also in the

coastal plain. In the Ouachita Mountains, this vegetation occurs where Pinus taeda has become naturalized outside its natural

range of distribution. Successional upland forests at Fort Benning, Georgia, reportedly contain primarily Pinus taeda and

Liquidambar styraciflua.

SIMILAR ALLIANCES:

COMMENTS:

RANGE: This alliance is found in Alabama (?), Arkansas, Georgia (?), Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South

Carolina, Tennessee (?), Texas, and Virginia.

TNC ECOREGIONS: 31:C, 39:C, 40:P, 41:C, 42:P, 43:C, 44:C, 52:C, 53:P, 56:P, 57:P, 58:P

FEDERAL LANDS: DOD (Fort Benning); NPS (Kennesaw Mountain); USFS (Angelina, Bienville, Conecuh?, Croatan, Davy

Crockett, De Soto?, Francis Marion?, Holly Springs, Homochitto?, Kisatchie, Oconee, Ouachita, Sabine, Sam Houston, St.

Francis, Sumter, Talladega, Tombigbee, Tuskegee, Uwharrie)

SYNONYMY: IF3a. Recently Harvested Timber Land, in part (Allard 1990); 1B3aIII6a. Pinus taeda - Liquidambar styraciflua

(Foti et al. 1994); Loblolly Pine - Hardwood: 82 (Eyre 1980).

REFERENCES: Allard 1990, Eyre 1980, Felix et al. 1983, Foti et al. 1994

Loblolly Pine - Sweetgum / Winged Sumac Forest

Loblolly Pine - (White Oak, Southern Red Oak, Post Oak) Forest Alliance

CONCEPT: This alliance encompasses pine - oak forests of the coastal plain and some adjacent provinces from Virginia to

Texas. This includes the mesic to dry-mesic loblolly - oak - hickory forests of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas; dry forests on

flats in the Piedmont of, at least, North Carolina and South Carolina that are dominated by Pinus taeda with a combination of

the nominal oaks; and related vegetation in the East Gulf and Atlantic coastal plains. Within the longleaf pine belt, these forests

can occur on topographically isolated hilltops. These forests also occur on mid to lower slopes, protected ravines, broad flats

and second bottoms. The canopy is dominated by Pinus taeda with some combination of the nominal oaks; associated

species vary by geography, substrate, and exposure. They may include Carya alba, Carya texana, Nyssa sylvatica,

Liquidambar styraciflua, Carya cordiformis, Magnolia grandiflora, Fagus grandifolia, Quercus velutina, Quercus michauxii,

Quercus pagoda, and Acer rubrum. The subcanopy can include canopy species, as well as Ilex opaca var. opaca, Ostrya

virginiana, Carpinus caroliniana, Cornus florida, and others. Callicarpa americana, Symplocos tinctoria, Myrica cerifera,

Vaccinium elliottii, Viburnum dentatum, and Viburnum acerifolium are common shrub species. Herbaceous species that may

be present include Polystichum acrostichoides, Athyrium filix-femina ssp. asplenioides, Phegopteris hexagonoptera,

component of Pinus taeda is lost. Some occurrences of vegetation of this alliance occur upslope of the more mesic

vegetation of the I.C.2.N.a.2 Fagus grandifolia - Magnolia grandiflora Forest Alliance (A.369) within its range.

SIMILAR ALLIANCES: See also the I.B.2.N.a.26 Quercus alba - (Quercus nigra) Forest Alliance (A.238) for related vegetation

with a predominantly deciduous canopy.

COMMENTS:

RANGE: This alliance is found in Alabama (?), Arkansas (?), Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma (?),

South Carolina, Tennessee (?), Texas, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia.

TNC ECOREGIONS: 31:?, 40:C, 41:C, 43:P, 44:P, 50:?, 52:C, 53:C, 56:C, 57:C, 58:C, 62:C

FEDERAL LANDS: DOD (Fort Benning); NPS (Chickamauga-Chattanooga, Kennesaw Mountain); USFS (Angelina,

Apalachicola?, Bienville, Conecuh, Croatan, Davy Crockett, De Soto, Holly Springs, Homochitto, Kisatchie, Oconee, Sabine,

Sam Houston, St. Francis, Sumter, Talladega, Tombigbee, Tuskegee, Uwharrie)

SYNONYMY: IA6e. Loblolly Pine - Shortleaf Pine - Oak Forest, in part (Allard 1990); Lowland Pine-Oak Forest (Foti 1994);

Calcareous Forest, in part (Smith 1996a); Mixed Hardwood - Loblolly Pine Forest, in part (Smith 1996a); Dry-Mesic Mixed Oak -

Pine Forest (Wieland 1994b); Loblolly Pine-Oak Series (Diamond 1993); 1B3aIII4a. Pinus echinata - Pinus taeda - Quercus spp.

(stellata, alba, falcata) (Foti et al. 1994); Loblolly Pine - Hardwood: 82 (Eyre 1980).

REFERENCES: , Allard 1990, Diamond 1993, Eyre 1980, Foti et al. 1994, Golden 1979, Martin and Smith 1991, Martin and

Smith 1993, Smith pers. comm.