D. A. M. De Silva 2011 Food and Agriculture Organization
Introduction 1.1 Introduction
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- 1.2 Fish supply chain
- 1.3 What does
- 1.4 Value chain analysis
- Purpose of the study
Introduction1.1 IntroductionThe benefits of the world, especially the human’s gain from fishery are diverse and may be enumerated in several ways. Most commonly, benefits are computed as commodity output — the weight or number of fish produced. Commodity output may be further split between the animals harvested by capture (fishing for wild animals) or culture (produced as captive animals) — commonly called the capture fisheries and the culture fisheries, respectively (Lacky, 2005). Benefits are also commonly measured as wholesale or retail economic value of the commodity output (Lacky, 2005). Such benefits are easily calculated for commercial fisheries because the products are usually sold, but for sport or recreational fisheries, the quality of the fishing experience is very important, so measures of catch in weight, number or economic value only partially measure the benefits provided to fishermen or to society. Even in commercial or subsistence fisheries, substantial benefits may be associated with cultural or religious aspects beyond the national boundaries. Although such benefits are difficult to measure, they may be very important to the communities and they pass it from generation to generation as their identity. Beyond the direct benefits derived from harvested fish or the fishing experience, benefits are also derived by individuals and society from simply knowing that a particular natural resource exists (often called existence value; Lacky, 2005). Society and individuals receive intangible benefits from preserving species and habitats, especially those in danger of extinction. Such benefits are often significant, but, like the benefits from recreational fishing, they are also exceedingly difficult to quantify in economic terms. 1.2 Fish supply chainSupply chains for most of the fish species start from oceans and end up with consumer markets far from thousands of miles. A supply chain is a network of retailers, distributors, transporters, storage facilities and suppliers that participate in the production, delivery and sale of a product to the consumer (Harland, 1996). The supply chain is typically made up of multiple companies who coordinate activities to set themselves apart from the competition. A supply chain has three key parts, these are: Supply focuses on the raw materials supplied to manufacturing units, including how, when and from what location. Manufacturing focuses on converting these raw materials into semi-finished or finished products. Distribution focuses on ensuring these products reach the consumers through an organized network of distributors, warehouses and retailers. 1.3 What does fishery value chain mean?Value chains for capture and culture fisheries differ from fish to fish and from country to country, and frequently within regions. Value chains of economically important species, such as tuna, salmon, skipjack, shrimp, tilapia, etc composed of several nodes and products that pass through longer chains to meet the consumer. In contrast, some of the species are not economically important, but socially important, such as Hilsa for Bangladesh, Mackerel for Thailand etc, consists with shorter value chains. Value chain describes a high-level model of how fishery businesses receive raw materials as input (captures and culture fisheries), add value to the raw materials through various processes and sell finished products to customers. Moreover, fishery value chain can be defined as interlinked value-adding activities that convert inputs into outputs which, in turn, add to the bottom line and help to create competitive advantage. A value chain typically consists of inbound distribution or logistics, manufacturing operations, outbound distribution or logistics, marketing and selling, and after-sales service. These activities are supported by purchasing or procurement, research and development, human resource development and corporate infrastructure. 1.4 Value chain analysisValue chain analysis looks at every step, a fisheries business goes through, from raw materials to the eventual end user. The goal is to deliver maximum value for the least possible total cost. The value chain framework has been used as a powerful analysis tool for industry’s strategic planning for nearly two decades now. The value chain framework shows that the value chain of an industry or a company may be useful in identifying and understanding crucial aspects to achieve competitive strengths and core competencies in the marketplace. The model also reveals how the value chain activities are tied together to ultimately create value for the consumer. Analysts conducting the value chain analysis should break down the key activities of the company according to the activities entailed in the framework, and assess the potential for adding value through the means of cost advantage or differentiation. Finally, it is important to determine strategies that focus on those activities that would enable the industry or a company to attain sustainable competitive advantage. The nature of value chain activities differs greatly in accordance with the types of species and companies. The value chains of companies have undergone many changes in the last two decades due to advancements in technology facilitating change at a very rapid pace in the business environment. Outsourcing will cause major changes in organizations and their value chains, with significant managerial implications. Value chain analysis is an innovative, sector-based approach to competitiveness focuses on getting more value from goods and services produced for export. Value chain analysis can help fish export of developing countries to be competitive in the international market. Goal of value chain is to offer the customer a level of value that exceeds the cost of the activities, thereby resulting profit margin. Cost advantage can be pursued by reconfiguring the value chains. Reconfiguration or structural changes of value chain refers to activities such as new production processes, new distribution channels or a different sales approach. Moreover, differentiation of value chains stems from uniqueness. Differentiation advantage may be achieved either by changing individual value chain activities to increase uniqueness in the final product or reconfiguring the value chain. Purpose of the studyThe main purpose of the study is to investigate the concept of value chain and review the literature on fishery value chains, to explain the drivers and governors of demand and supply of the fishery value chains, and to identify the various components of the global fishery value chains. This report consists five chapters, the first chapter deals with general introduction followed by drivers and governors of change on fish demand, drivers and governors of change on the supply of fish, global fishery value chain and Summary. 
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