Diversity of Living Things Unit Test Name True/False

Name________________________

____ 15. Based on the information in the table above, which of the two animals are the most closely related?

____ 16. Based on the information in the table above, which of the two animals are the least closely related?

____ 17. Based on the info in the table above, which of the animals are the most closely related to the Kawaka tuna?

____ 18. I am prokaryotic, heterotrophic or autotrophic, can live almost anywhere and have peptidoglycan. What am I?

____ 19. Which of the following statements concerning viruses is correct?

____ 20. A scientist recently discovered a pond organism that is unicellular, contains chloroplasts and other membrane-bound organelles, and possesses a flagellum. In which Kingdom is this organism classified?

____ 21. Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacterial cells?

____ 22. Which label is pointing to a sample of staphylococcus?

____ 23. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a member of the kingdom protista?

On the basis of this data, which antibiotic would you recommend to use to control bacterial growth?

____ 25. On the basis of this data, which bacterium would you suspect has some resistance to antibiotics?

____ 27. What is not a characteristic of sponges?

____ 28. Which of the following is not a characteristic of organisms in the animal kingdom?

____ 29. Which of the following is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom?

____ 30. I’m in the animal kingdom, live in a marine environment, am spiny-skinned, have radial symmetry with five similar body segments as an adult. I’m a(n) . . .

____ 31. The process of an inner layer of cuticle dissolving and being recycled to make a new cuticle

____ 32. Of all fish, 90% are this type:

____ 33. What distinguishes Amphibians from Reptiles?

____ 34. Birds

___ 35. What is the most distinctive feature of mammals?

____ contain peptidoglycan

____ produce "naked" seeds, usually inside cones

1. Two students were able to identify an organism to differing levels of classification. Student "A" was able to identify the organism to the level of "class." Student "B" was able to identify the organism to the level of "order". Which student has been able to classify the organism more accurately? Explain.

~OR~

2. From your experiences in this course, you should be aware that dogs are members of the genus Canis. While visiting a zoo, you see the sign Canis lupus on one of the enclosures. You can't believe that they would display a dog, but you are surprised when a wolf appears. Explain why a dog and wolf would be members of the same genus.

3. Explain the ecologically important role of the plantlike protists.

4. Members of the phylum sporozoa are exclusively parasitic. Outline some advantages and disadvantages to a parasitic lifestyle.

5. A chemical has been developed to control the growth of mushrooms in lawns. It specifically alters a biochemical pathway inside the mushroom and causes the gills of the mushroom to produce a sticky substance that coats the entire gill surface. What is the likely effect of such a chemical?

6. Why can mosses be described as "pioneer plants"?

7. Among the plants, seed plants are seen as the most advanced. Comment on why this is.

8. Give a summary of the major characteristics of members of the phylum Mollusks or Echinoderms?

9. The news has reported an outbreak of blue-green algae in a nearby lake. What organism is causing the outbreak, what are some reasons for the outbreak and what is concerning about the outbreak?

10. All chordates share some key features. What are some characteristics and features that set them apart from other groups and why might they be considered more advanced?
11. What are the main characteristics that distinguish amphibians other closely related organisms? How are they similar and how are they different?
12. What are the main characteristics that distinguish reptiles from other closely related organisms? How are they similar and how are they different?
13. Most birds fly, which is a unique characteristic of this group. What are features of birds that make them well-suited for flight?

14. What are the major features of the monotremes and marsupials? How are they similar and how are they different?

15. A friend was prescribed antibiotics for a cut that became infected. She was given enough mediation for ten days and told to finish it. After five days, she noticed her infection was much better and decided to stop taking the medication. Write a convincing argument to explain (using diagrams if necessary) why she should continue to take her medication despite the obvious improvement in her condition.

**In your explanation, include a diagram that shows how bacteria reproduce.

16. Although viruses are nonliving they cause some severe ailments in humans.

• 
  Describe how viruses reproduce.
  
• 
  In your description explain why sometimes we can have a virus but don’t show any symptoms for a long period of time.
  
• 
  What can we do to “fight” or protect against viruses? Explain fully.
  

Explain using the correct terminology and concepts you learned in class.

68. Two students were able to identify an organism to differing levels of classification. Student "A" was able to identify the organism to the level of "class." Student "B" was able to identify the organism to the level of "order". Which student has been able to classify the organism more accurately? Explain.

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Student "B" was able to classify the organism more accurately. The system of classification used in the six-kingdom system begins with very broad characteristics and becomes increasingly specific (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species). Since Student "B" was able to classify the organism to the level of "order" while "A" classified the organism to the level of "class," Student "B" had been able to classify the organism more accurately. The difference between the two levels of classification may have come down to Student "B" making one observation that "A" had missed. Thus the importance of making careful observations.

PTS: 1 REF: I OBJ: 9.1 STA: DL2.01
69. ANS:

The dog and wolf are members of the same genus because they share many characteristics in common. The common dog (Canis rufus) is probably a domesticated version of Canis lupus (though many centuries are thought to have past since this occurred). Despite the behavioural differences, the biological differences remain small, and so both creatures have many similarities that are not separated until you reach the "species" level of classification.

PTS: 1 REF: I OBJ: 9.1 STA: DL2.01
70. ANS:

Plantlike protists (especially members of the Chlorophyta) are important as primary food producers in aquatic food chains. In addition, they hold the important job of producing about two-thirds of the worlds oxygen supply. Other plantlike protists are important as a source of food (e.g.,. kelp, dulce) and chemical used in food processing (e.g., carrageenan), while some members of the Phaeophyta that died millions of year ago have become crude oil.

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 9.4 STA: DL1.03 | DL2.02
71. ANS:

Advantages

organism can be simpler because certain systems become unnecessary (e.g., no need for locomotion, simplified ingestion system)

low energy maintenance costs for the organism

dependent on a host and vector

life cycle more complicated because of dependence on other organisms

potentially more points in the life cycle at which something could go wrong (or humans could interfere with through the use of drugs and pesticides)

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 9.4 STA: DL1.03 | DL1.04
72. ANS:

Initially the chemical may be effective. By coating the gills with a sticky substance, it would be difficult for the spores to be released. In effect, they would be stuck inside the cap of the mushroom and would prevent dispersal. However, if the spores were simply stuck to the gills, when the cap eventually decomposed, it is possible the spores may still be viable. Thus, the chemical may delay the release of the spores rather than actually preventing the release.

PTS: 1 REF: MC OBJ: 10.2 STA: DL1.03
73. ANS:

Mosses, and other bryophytes, are often the first to establish themselves on exposed rock or soil surfaces where there are no other plants. As the moss plants die and decompose, they create organic matter that acts as soil and nutrients for other types of plants. Indeed, mosses pave the way for other terrestrial plants.

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 10.7 STA: DL1.03
74. ANS:

Seed plants, such as the gymnosperms and angiosperms, are widespread because of the seed itself. Fertilization can occur in a relatively dry environment and the subsequent formation of the seed protects the embryo. In the seed, the embryo is protected against a wide range of environmental conditions ,and the seed need not germinate until conditions are favourable for it to do so.

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 10.9 STA: D1.04
75. ANS:

Cnidarians include animals such as hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones, and coral and are found exclusively in aquatic, mostly marine, environments. All members are radially symmetrical, have tentacles, and possess true tissues, but only two germ layers (ectoderm and endoderm). Cnidarians have specialized nerve, muscle, and digestive tissues. The body form is either that of a polyp (sessile) or medusa (motile). They capture food using nematocysts, which is digested in a gastrovascular cavity or gut that has a single opening for both ingestion and egestion. Reproduction can be either sexual or asexual.

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 11.2 STA: DL1.03
76. ANS:

Sharks are members of the class chondrichthyes and, as a result ,have no swim bladder to maintain their buoyancy at any one particular depth. They simply continue cruising, using their pectoral fins to move them up or down in the water column.

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 12.2 STA: DL1.03
77. ANS:

The operculum is a hard, bony plate found in members of the osteichthyes. It covers and protects the gills used to breathe, which lie underneath it.

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 12.2 STA: DL1.03
78. ANS:

The flight (contour) feathers of birds are lightweight with hollow mainshafts (quills). The barbs that branch out from the shaft are held together by hooks, keeping the feathers flat and aerodynamic. Feather attachment in the wings provides the curved surface that is required for lift and flight.

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 12.5 STA: DL1.03
79. ANS:

Monotremes reproduce by laying eggs that are incubated outside the body, and the young are nourished from mammary glands that secrete milk directly into the fur. An example would be the duck-billed platypus of Australia.

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 12.6 STA: DL1.03

By not taking an antibiotic prescription in full, a person is not only putting themselves at risks but also indirectly putting others at risk by adding to the problem of antibiotic resistance among bacteria.