Doctoral thesis
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- Dedication
- Publics, Participants and Policies: Examining Community Broadcasting in Austria and the Czech Republic
- Veřejnost, účastníci a politiky: Průzkum komunitního vysílání v Rakousku a České republice
| MASARYK UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Social Studies Department of Sociology DOCTORAL THESIS Brno 2016 Henry G. Loeser MASARYK UNIVERSITY Faculty of Social Studies Department of Sociology Mgr. Henry G. Loeser Publics, Participants and Policies: Examining Community Broadcasting in Austria and the Czech Republic Doctoral Thesis Supervisor: prof. PhDr. Jiri Pavelka, Ph.D. Brno 2016 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. In Brno, date ………………….…… Dedication To my parents, whose love and sacrifice made this possible. Acknowledgments For most of my adult life I’ve been involved in broadcasting, for many years as a businessman, and then as an activist. Since enrolling at Masaryk University, I have endeavored to become a scientist in the study of broadcasting. In this scholarly pursuit, I’ve learned some hard lessons about what it takes to achieve that goal. Hopefully, this PhD thesis will successfully mark another milestone in my journey. In appreciation for their part in the process, I wish to acknowledge the people instrumental in the production of this research project. They have my sincere appreciation and gratitude. For operational support at Masaryk University, I want to thank Rudolf Burgr, Pavlina Brabcova, and Dagmar Habova. For facilitating the project in Austria, my appreciation goes to Alf Altendorf, Otto Tremetzberger, Judith Purkarthofer, Helmut Peissl, Helga Schwarzwald, Sibylle Moser, Thomas Bauer, Alfred Grinschgl, and Erich König. For facilitating the project in the Czech Republic, I acknowledge the cooperation of Martin Šeda, Iva Jonášová, Jakub Pacner, and Filip Johanek. For translations, I’m grateful for the work of Veronika Lapšanská, Ivana Rybanska, Pavel Sedláček, Vladimir Djordevic, and Erhan Komurcu. For contributions to the methodology, my thanks go to Beatrice Manea. For contributions to the text I’d like to thank Salvatore Scifo and Judith Davis. For the document publishing, many thanks to Jan Martinek, David Humpolik, Alzbeta Cerna, and Marian Misko. Most of all, for her expert guidance and unwavering commitment to the successful completion of this document, I offer a very special thank you to Jean Retzinger. Abstract
Publics, Participants and Policies: Examining Community Broadcasting in Austria and the Czech Republic This research project deploys online surveys to volunteer participants in separate case studies of community broadcasting in Austria (n=340) and the Czech Republic (n=85), first to measure the importance of community broadcasting values, and second to evaluate the alignment of community broadcasting policy to the views of those participants. While the values of community broadcasting can be found in a rich mix of scholarly theories, advocacy interventions, organizational charters, and regulatory guidelines, research about the importance of these values to participants is quite limited. This project revealed that many of the widely-recognized values commonly attributed to community broadcasting are also highly-important (with notable exceptions) to the survey respondents in Austria and the Czech Republic. In addition, the selected policy documents from Austria and the Czech Republic show generally positive alignment with the views of the respective nation’s survey respondents. The findings and conclusions add to the understanding of community broadcasting, and are applicable to the practice, advocacy, and regulation in the sector. Anotace Veřejnost, účastníci a politiky: Průzkum komunitního vysílání v Rakousku a České republice Tento výzkumný projekt využívá online dotazníky distribuované dobrovolným účastníkům v samostatných případových studiích v Rakousku (n=340) a v České republice (n=85), a to jednak ke změření důležitosti hodnot komunitního vysílání, a jednak k vyhodnocení toho, jestli politika v oblasti komunitního vysílání koresponduje s názory účastníků. Výzkumy věnované fenoménu komunitního vysílání často citují experty, zastánce a provozovatele, zatímco objem výzkumu, který jako zdroje využívá samotné účastníky, je poměrně omezený. Tento projekt odhalil, že mnohé všeobecně uznávané hodnoty běžně přisuzované komunitnímu vysílání jsou důležité (s několika význačnými výjimkami) i pro respondenty průzkumů v Rakousku a v České republice. Kromě toho vybrané politické dokumenty z Rakouska i České republiky ukazují na obecnou pozitivní shodu politiky s postoji respondentů z dané země. Výsledky a závěry práce rozšiřují dostupné znalosti o komunitním vysílání a mají význam jak pro jeho zastánce a provozovatele, tak pro regulaci sektoru. Keywords Access, participation, community, media, broadcasting, policy, Austria, Czech Republic, radio, television, civil society, public sphere, FM, cable-access, internet, social media, digital, public sphere, civil society, online, volunteer, values, not-for-profit, gender, politics, social, network, independent, non-discriminatory, objective, public service, experimental, radical, sustainable, representation, human rights, culture, multiethnic, multilingual, European identity, media regulation List of Abbreviations 1ka – Enklik Anketa ACM - Alliance for Community Media AMARC – L’Association Mondiale des Radiodiffuseurs Communautaires AIP – Access Interaction Participation APSV – Associace Provozovatelu Soukromeho Vysilani ARC - The Alliance des Radios Communautaires du Canada ARD - Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland CBA – Community Broadcasting Association CEE – Central Eastern Europe CEU – Central European University CMA – Community Media Asociation CMFE – Community Media Forum Europe CPB – Corporation for Public Broadcasting CRA – Community Radio Association CRTC - Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission DAB – Digital Audio Broadcast DOE – Council of Europe DRM - Digital Radio Mondiale DVB - Digital Video Broadcast ECHR – European Court of Human Rights EP – European Parliament EPRA – European Platform of Regulatory Authorities EU – European Union FCC – Federal Communications Commission FM – Grequency Modulation GMPC - Global Media Policy Group IAMCR – International Association for Media and Communication ICT - Information and Communication Technology ICT4D - Information and Communication Technology for Development IMB – Institute for Media Education Salzburg KommAustria – Kommunikationsbehörde Austria LCM - Local and Community Media LPFM – Low Power Frequency Modulation MHz - Millihertz NAB – National Association of Broadcasters NEMBCA – National Ethnic and Multicultural Broadcasters Council of Australia NKRF - Nichtkommerzieller Rundfunkfonds ÖRF – Österreichischer Rundfunk PEG – Public Educational Government RLS – Recognition Legalization Support RRTV – Rada pro Rozhlasove a Televizni Vysilani RTF - Radiodiffusion Television Francaise RTR – Rundfunk und Telekom Regulierungs SPSS – Statistical Package for the Social Sciences TV – Television UK – United Kingdom UNESCO – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization URL - Uniform Resource Locator USA – United States of America VFRÖ – Verband Freies Radio Österreich
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