Duke University Political Science 130 Introduction to Political Inquiry Fall 2014 Lectures
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Political Science 130 Introduction to Political Inquiry Fall 2014 Lectures: MW 10:05 - 11:20 am, Gross Hall, Room 103 course website at http://sakai.duke.edu/ Prof. Tim Büthe Dept. of Political Science 219 Gross Hall (919) 660-4365; buthe@duke.edu office hours: after each class and Mondays, 11:30am - 12:30pm in the SSRI Café
Thursdays: 4:55 - 5:45 pm, 118 Friedl Building 6:30 - 7:20 pm, 304I Allen Building Fridays: 10:20 - 11:10 am, 109 Social Sciences 12:00 - 12:50 pm, 319 Gray Building
PurposePS130 is an introduction to the systematic study of politics as a social science. It is organized around major topics in the study of domestic politics and international relations—and the key challenges that arise in trying to answer those questions. So we examine issues such as the relationship between inequality and democracy, political polarization in the United States, the development of political and judicial institutions in the Middle East, arms races and the "security dilemma" between countries, the sex (or gender?) of policymakers, and innovations in global governance. Debates over these topics often turn on differences in how to conceptualize something as ubiquitous as power, how to measure core concepts such as democracy or rule of law, or how to gather and summarize unbiased, reliable information about the phenomenon in question. We will learn a number of useful tools for such descriptive inferences, which will put you in a stronger position to distinguish rhetorical flourishes from meaningful differences in election forecasts, political parties' policy positions, cross-national measures of political institutions, etc. We then move from asking descriptive questions to asking more analytical ones, such as: Does it matter—for local public policy or inter-state militarized conflicts—whether policymakers are women or men? Why do some get-out-the-vote efforts increase voter turnout when others do not? Why does the U.S. Supreme Courts have the power to declare laws of Congress unconstitutional? What explains the allocation of foreign aid? Why do policies for AIDS prevention and treatment differ so much across countries? Why is public policy more responsive to the interests of some groups than others? Political scientists seek to answer such questions by developing positive—as opposed to normative—theories of political phenomena and conducting empirical analyses to assess those explanations (though they may well have normative motivations for asking those questions, such as having a normative commitment to democracy or the rule of law). In examining prominent answers to a variety of important questions, we will focus on key problems of causal inference in social analysis and examine how political scientists deal with those problems. The course thus offers an introduction to a broad range of methods used in empirical inquiry in political science, including the assumptions underpinning those methods. PS130 is intended as a true introductory course. Students are not expected (i.e., not required) to have taken any previous courses in Political Science, nor does the course have any prerequisites in math, statistics, or methods--though I do expect familiarity with standard high school algebra and a willingness to use it.
You are welcome—and I encourage you—to form study groups, but note that each student's graded written work must be individually produced, except for explicitly authorized small-group exercises. Also, student may participate in the Political Science Experimental Research Subject Pool (PSRP) on a strictly voluntary basis for up to 3% extra credit. More information about this opportunity is available at http://www.duke.edu/web/psrp If you wish to participate, please register at: http://duke-psrp.sona-systems.com by October 10, 2014.
ReadingsThe books below are available for purchase at the Duke Bookstore, since we use numerous selections from them (one copy of each book is also on reserve at Perkins Library). Required readings that are not contained in these books are available online via Duke's electronic journal holdings (indicated by "online" below), or they are on electronic reserves (e res). Occasionally, a reading may be available via the course website (cws). PP: Pollock, Philip H. The Essentials of Political Analysis. 4th edition. Los Angeles: Sage, 2012. LB: Bartels, Larry M. Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008. B&M: Büthe, Tim and Walter Mattli. New Global Rulers: The Privatization of Regulation in the World Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011. EL: Lieberman, Evan S. Boundaries of Contagion: How Ethnic Politics Have Shaped Government Responses to AIDS. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. In addition, the following supplemental text is on reserve as a "recommended" reading. Students who anticipate doing applied data analysis for research papers or a senior thesis beyond this course will surely find it useful, but you do not need to buy it for PS130: Pollock, Philip H. Stata Companion to Political Analysis. 2nd edition. Los Angeles: Sage, 2010. Required readings for each class are listed below. Unless I tell you otherwise, you should generally do them before the lecture for which they are assigned. i>ClickersTo promote an active learning environment, I will regularly ask questions using i>Clickers to gather your answers, which allows everyone to participate with instantaneous interactive feedback (details about the technology can be found at http://www1.iclicker.com). Some questions will have no "correct" answer and may simply be intended to foster discussion; others will seek to gauge your understanding of the material from lectures (and occasionally from readings). On the latter questions, you will generally be graded for your performance, but I will drop the 4 lowest scores to allow for absences or times when you forget to bring your clicker device to class, and the grading standard is not very strict (75% correct is considered full credit). If you have a compatible mobile device (iOS or Android smartphone or tablet, or a laptop computer) and will bring it to every class, you can use the i>Clicker GO app, which is considerably cheaper than buying a conventional iClicker remote. To create or access your i>Clicker GO account, sign up for a free 14-day trial of the i>Clicker GO app, or purchase a subscription to the app, go to https://iclickergo.com Be sure to enter your core Duke NetID (usually your initials followed by a 2-3 digit number) into the "Student ID" field. Otherwise, you need to purchase an iClicker2, which is available at the bookstore for various classes, as well as online from various sources. You need to register your iClicker2 via the iclicker.com website (link on bottom right of their home page), so that your responses are identifiable as your responses and so that I can give you credit for them. Be sure to use your core Duke NetID (usually your initials followed by a 2-3 digit number) as your student ID. Please get and register for a clicker or get the i>Clicker GO app before our 2nd class. Answering clicker questions with another student's clicker (or asking another student to answer with your clicker) is cheating and a violation of the Duke Community Standard. Statistical Software and HelpWe will be using a statistical software called STATA for those parts of the course where we work with data (from descriptive statistics to regression). The software is available in most Duke computer labs, with the current version 13 scheduled to be installed throughout the Duke computer labs during the fall semester. If you want to install STATA on your own computer (which I recommend but do not require), I recommend you purchase a heavily discounted student license: a 6-months license for Small Stata (sufficient for PS130) for $35 at http://www.stata.com/order/new/edu/gradplans/ or a 1-year license for Stata S/E (more powerful and good until July 23, 2015) for $50-$55 via http://oit.duke.edu/comp-print/software/. The Social Science Research Institute (SSRI, on the second floor of Gross Hall) has a great help desk, staffed by statistical consultants who are available for walk-in help from 10am to 6pm Monday through Friday. Alexandra Cooper from SSRI, who manages the help desk, will give you an overview of this very valuable support resource during our class on September 3. What IS Political SCIENCE?Introductions (Mon, Aug. 25) No assigned readings. The Study of Politics as a Social Science (Wed, Aug. 27) online Parker, Roger. "Un Ballo in Maschera." In The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. Available via Oxford Music Online at http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com.proxy.lib.duke.edu/subscriber/article/grove/music/O900413 online Verdi, Giuseppe. Un Ballo in Maschera. Madrid (Spain): Teatro Real, 28 September 2008, available for streaming via Duke's subscription to Naxos Video Library: http://dukeu.naxosvideolibrary.com.proxy.lib.duke.edu/title/OA1017D/ Watch as much as you want, but required is only Act 3, Part 2, which starts at 1:47:20; it can be accessed by clicking on the "Chapters" tab on the right of the Naxos Video Library. Act 3, Part 2 corresponds to "chapters" 23 ("Forse la soglia attinse") through 28 ("Ella e pura"). I recommend watching in full screen mode, and unless your Italian is good enough, be sure to turn on English subtitles. e-res Watts, Duncan J. ["Preface" (read) and Chapter 1 ("The Myth of Common Sense", skim) in:] Everything Is Obvious—Once You Know the Answer. New York: Crown Business, 2011: ix-xvi, 3-29. cws Wikipedia. [Excerpts from the Entry on:] "Science." From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science (accessed 1/6/2014). Please read the excerpt posted on the course website. e-res Donovan, Todd and Kenneth Hoover. "Thinking Scientifically." In The Elements of Social Scientific Thinking. 11th edition. Boston: Wadsworth/Cengage, 2014: 1-11. Complete the "Power Survey" by Friday, Aug. 29, 8pm DESCRIPTIVE INFERENCEPower and Democracy: From Concepts to Measurements (Mon, Sep. 1) online Baldwin, David A. "The Costs of Power." Journal of Conflict Resolution vol.15 no.2 (June 1971): 145-155. PP Pollock, Philip H. "Chapter 1: The Definition and Measurement of Concepts." In The Essentials of Political Analysis. 4th edition. Los Angeles: Sage, 2012: 6-22.
Bachrach, Peter and Morton S. Baratz. "Two Faces of Power." American Political Science Review vol.56 no.4 (December 1962): 947-952. Lukes, Steven. Power: A Radical View. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004: esp. ch.1, intro (pp. 14-59, 1-13). Cox, Robert W. "Gramsci, Hegemony and International Relations: An Essay in Method." Millennium: Journal of International Studies (London) vol.12 no.2 (Summer 1983): 162 175. Munck, Gerardo L. and Jay Verkuilen. "Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy." Comparative Political Studies vol.35 no.1 (February 2002): 5-34.
e-res Huff, Darrell and Irving Geiss. "Gee-Whiz Graph" and "One-Dimensional Picture." In How to Lie With Statistics. (First published in 1954.) New York: Norton, 1993: 62 67, 68 75. cws Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay, and Massimo Mastruzzi for The World Bank. "Introduction" and "Methodology and Data Source" in "Governance Matters VIII: Aggregate and Individual Governance Indicators, 1996-2008." World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4978 (June 2009): 2-6.
online The World Justice Project. "What is Rule of Law?" (online at http://worldjusticeproject.org /what-rule-law) and video statements by Beverly McLachlin (Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada), Petar Stoyanov (former President of Bulgaria), and Beatrice Mtetwa (Human Rights Lawyer, Zimbabwe) at http://worldjusticeproject.org /endorsements (last accessed 8/18/2014). online U.S. News & World Report. "Best Law Schools" and "Methodology: 2015 Best Law Schools Rankings." Online at http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-law-schools/law-rankings and http://www.usnews.com/education/best-graduate-schools/top-law-schools/articles/2014/03/10/methodology-2015-best-law-schools-rankings (last accessed 8/24/2014) e-res Büthe, Tim. "Beyond Supply and Demand: A Political-Economic Conceptual Model." In Governance by Indicators: Global Power through Quantification and Rankings, edited by Kevin Davis, Angelina Fisher, Benedict Kingsbury, and Sally Engle Merry. Oxford–New York: Oxford University Press, 2012: 29-51. Just How Polarized Is U.S. Politics? Measurements, Variables, and Distributions Prof. David Rohde will co-teach (Mon, Sep. 8) online Layman, Geoffrey C., Thomas M. Carsey, and Juliana Menasce Horowitz. "Party Polarization in American Politics: Characteristics, Causes, and Consequences " Annual Review of Political Science vol.9 (2006): 83-110. PP Pollock, Philip H. "Chapter 2: Measuring and Describing Variables." [and from chapter 3:] "Learning Objetives" and "Making Comparisons." In The Essentials of Political Analysis. 4th edition. Los Angeles: Sage, 2012: 28-44; 48-50, 58-63.
LB Bartels, Larry M. "The New Gilded Age" and "The Partisan Political Economy." In: Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008: 1-63. Note: of ch.1, only the excerpt posted on the cws is required. PP Pollock, Philip H. "Chapter 5: Making Controlled Comparisons" and "Chapter 6: Foundations of Statistical Inference." In The Essentials of Political Analysis. Los Angeles: Sage, 2012: 103-118 (esp. 103-109, 113-115); 122-154 (esp. 122-144).
PP Pollock, Philip H. [From chapter 3:] "Proposing Explanations." In The Essentials of Political Analysis. 4th edition. Los Angeles: Sage, 2012: 51 54. e-res Johnson, Janet Buttolph and H. T. Reynolds. [Beginning of chapter 6:] "Research Design: Making Causal Inferences." In Political Science Research Methods. 7th edition. Los Angeles: Sage/CQ Press, 2012: 165-178. online Lehrer, Jonah. "Trials and Errors: Why Science is Failing Us." Wired vol.20 no.1 (January 2012): 102-117. (Online at http://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/12/ff_causation/ , last accessed 8/24/2014) ExPERIMENTS Gender and Violent Conflict: Lab Experiments (Wed, Sep. 17) online Johnson, Dominic D. P., Rose McDermott, Emily S. Barrett, Jonathan Cowden, Richard Wrangham, Matthew H. McIntyre, and Stephen Peter Rosen. 2006. "Overconfidence in Wargames: Experimental Evidence on Expectation, Aggression, Gender and Testosterone." Proceedings of the Royal Society B (Biological Sciences) vol.273 no.1600 (7 October 2006): 2513-2520. e-res Barokso, Maryann, Daniel M. Sabet, and Brian Schaffner. "Chapter 5: Experiments." In Understanding Political Science Research Methods: The Challenge of Inference. New York–London: Routledge, 2014: 116-148.
Further ReadingJohnson, Dominic D. P., Rose McDermott, Jon Cowden and Dustin Tingley. 2012. "Dead Certain: Confidence and Conservatism Predict Aggression in Simulated International Crisis Decisionmaking." Human Nature vol.23 no.1 (March 2012): 98-126. Take Survey about Global Governance by Friday, Sep.19, 8pm Participation and Legitimacy in Global Governance: Survey Experiments (Mon, Sep. 22) B&M Büthe, Tim and Walter Mattli. [Chapters 1 and 9: "The Rise of Private Regulation in the World Economy" and "Implications for Global Governance." In: ] The New Global Rulers: The Privatization of Regulation in the World Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011: 1-16, 214-226. Note: These chapters from Büthe & Mattli 2011 provide the background to understanding the survey experiment on innovations in global governance in which all students will participate, and which we will then jointly examine in class; they also serve as background information for the weeks on game theory and survey research. Democracy? How to Increase Turnout in Elections: Field Experiments (Wed, Sep. 24) e-res Green, Donald P. and Alan S. Gerber. [Excerpt from:] "Introduction: Why Voter Mobilization Matters." In Get Out the Vote: How to Increase Voter Turnout. Washington: Brookings Institution, 2008: 1 9. online Gerber, Alan S., Donald P. Green, and Christopher W. Larimer. "Social Pressure and Voter Turnout: Evidence from a Large-Scale Field Experiment." American Political Science Review vol.102 no.1 (February 2008): 33-48.
online Chattopadhyay, Raghabendra, and Esther Duflo. "Women as Policy Makers: Evidence from a Randomized Policy Experiment in India." Econometrica vol.72 no.5 (September 2004): 1409-1443. ASSIGNMENT 1 due Tuesday, Sep.30, 8pm Analyzing Observational Data: REGRESSION ANALYSIS Statistical Correlation and Inference (Wed, Oct. 1) e-res Huff, Darrell and Irving Geis. "Post Hoc Rides Again." In How to Lie With Statistics. (First published in 1954.) New York: Norton, 1993: 89-101. PP Pollock, Philip H. "Chapter 7: Tests of Significance and Measures of Association." In The Essentials of Political Analysis. 4th edition. Los Angeles: Sage, 2012: 155-77.
LB Bartels, Larry M. "Chapter 4: Partisan Biases in Economic Accountability." In Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008: 98-126. e-res Lewis-Beck, Michael S. "Bivariate Regression: Fitting a Straight Line." In Applied Regression: An Introduction. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1980: 9-25. PP Pollock, Philip H. "Chapter 8: Correlation and Linear Regresssion." In The Essentials of Political Analysis. 4th edition. Los Angeles: Sage, 2012: 182-211, esp. 182-201 and 205 206. Political Underdevelopment in the Middle East: Archival Research, the Critical Use of Sources, and Statistical Analysis of Historical Data (Wed, Oct. 8) Prof. Timur Kuran will co-teach cws [Substantive reading as background for Prof. Kuran's lecture: to be announced] e-res Furay, Conal, and Michael J. Salevouris. [Excerpt from:] "Evidence" In The Methods and Skills of History: A Practical Guide. Arlington Heights, IL: Harlan Davidson, 1988: 137-145.
e-res Gilens, Martin. [Selections and chapter 6 ("Parties, Elections, and Democratic Responsiveness") from:] Affluence and Influence: Economic Inequality and Political Power in America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012: 12f, 17-24, 41-47, 57-62, 66-69, 70-85, 162 192. PP Pollock, Philip H. [Re-read from chapter 6:] "What About Sample Proportions?" and [read new:] "Chapter 9: Logistic Regression." In The Essentials of Political Analysis. 4th edition. Los Angeles: Sage, 2012: 147-150; 212-235, esp. 212-223.
online Büthe, Tim, Solomon Major, and André de Mello e Souza. "The Politics of Private Foreign Aid: Humanitarian Principles, Economic Development Objectives, and Organizational Interests in the Allocation of Private Aid by NGOs." International Organization vol.66 no.4 (Fall 2012): 571-607. e-res Neuendorf, Kimberly A. [Box 3.1: "Flowchart for the Typical Process of Content Analysis Research" from:] The Content Analysis Guidebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2002: 50f.
e-res Jervis, Robert. "Offense, Defense, and the Security Dilemma." (Selections from "Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma." World Politics vol.30 no.2 (January 1978): 186-214.) In International Politics: Enduring Concepts and Contemporary Issues, edited by Robert J. Art and Robert Jervis. 10th edition. Boston: Longman, 2010: 93-113. Who Wants to Play? Cooperation and Collaboration "Games" (Mon, Oct. 27) e-res Schelling, Thomas C. "What Is Game Theory?" In Choice and Consequence. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984: 213-242. B&M Büthe, Tim and Walter Mattli. [Chapters 3:] "Institutional Complementarity Theory" In The New Global Rulers: The Privatization of Regulation in the World Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011: 42-59.
Further ReadingBüthe, Tim. "Basic Games." Mimeo, Columbia and Duke Universities, 1998-2013. Law and Politics: Sequence, Information, and Uncertainty Prof. Georg Vanberg will co-teach (Wed, Oct. 29) online Clinton, Robert Lowry. "Game Theory, Legal History, and the Origins of Judicial Review: A Revisionist Analysis of Marbury v. Madison." American Journal of Political Science vol.38 no.2 (May 1994): 285-302. Further ReadingVanberg, Georg. 2001. "Legislative-Judicial Relations: A Game-Theoretic Approach to Constitutional Review." American Journal of Political Science vol.45 no.2 (April 2001): 346-361. ASSIGNMENT 3 due Sunday, Nov. 2, 8pm CaSE STUDIES & Case Selection The Politics of Race, Ethnicity, and Public Health —and an Introduction to Case Study Research (Mon, Nov. 3) EL Lieberman, Evan S. "Introduction" and "A Theory of Boundary Politics and Alternative Explanations." In Boundaries of Contagion: How Ethnic Politics Have Shaped Government Responses to AIDS. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009: 1-24; 25 60, esp. 25-50. e-res Yin, Robert K. [Excerpts from:] "How to Know Whether and When to Use the Case Study as a Research Method." In Case Study Research: Design and Methods. 5th edition. Los Angeles: Sage, 2014: 6-11, 16-22.
EL Lieberman, Evan S. "Race Boundaries and AIDS Policy in Brazil and South Africa." In Boundaries of Contagion: How Ethnic Politics Have Shaped Government Responses to AIDS. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009: 110-172. The Politics of Race, Ethnicity, and Public Health: Causal Process Tracing in Case Studies (Mon, Nov. 10) EL Lieberman, Evan S. "A Model-Testing Case Study of Strong Ethnic Boundaries and AIDS Polic in India." Boundaries of Contagion: How Ethnic Politics Have Shaped Government Responses to AIDS. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009: 173-238. RecommendedLieberman, Evan S. "Globalization and Global Governance of AIDS: The Geneva Consensus" and "Ethnic Boundaries and AIDS Policies Around the World." In Boundaries of Contagion: How Ethnic Politics Have Shaped Government Responses to AIDS. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009: 61-109; 239-291. Tricks of the Trade: Selecting Cases and Other Key Issues in Case Study Research (Wed, Nov. 12) online Kitschelt, Herbert P. 1986. "Political Opportunity Structures and Political Protest: Anti-Nuclear Movements in Four Democracies." British Journal of Political Science vol.16 no.1 (January 1986): 57-85. online Seawright, Jason, and John Gerring. "Case Selection Techniques in Case Study Research: A Menu of Qualitative and Quantitative Options." Political Research Quarterly vol.61 no.2 (June 2008): 294-308. e-res George, Alexander L. and Andrew Bennett. "Phase One: Designign Case Study Research" and "Phase Two: Carrying Out the Case Study." In Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005: 73-88, 89-106. Further ReadingMahoney, James, and Gary Goertz. "The Possibility Principle: Choosing Negative Cases in Comparative Research." American Political Science Review vol.98 no.4 (November 2004): 653-669. Freedman, David A. "On Types of Scientific Inquiry: The Role of Qualitative Reasoning." In Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards, edited by Henry E. Brady and David Collier. 2nd edition. Lanham, MD: Roman and Littlefield, 2010: 221-236. ASSIGNMENT 4 due Sunday, Nov. 16, 8pm Where Data Come From: Survey research Public Opinion, Politics, and Public Policy: Uses and Design of Survey Questionnaires Prof. Sunshine Hillygus will co-teach (Mon, Nov. 17) online Hillygus, D. Sunshine. "The Evolution of Election Polling in the United States." Public Opinion Quarterly vol.75 no.5 (Special Anniversary Issue, December 2011): 962-981. online Krosnick, Jon A. "Question Wording and Reports of Survey Results: The Case of Louis Harris and Associates and Aetna Life and Casualty." Public Opinion Quarterly vol.53 no.1 (Spring 1989): 107-113.
DH Huff, Darrell. "The Sample with the Built-in Bias." In How to Lie With Statistics. New York: Norton, 1993: 13-28. e-res Babbie, Earl. "The Logic of Sampling." In The Basics of Social Research. 12th edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2010: 187-227. e-res Rose, Harold M., and Paula D. McClain. "Black Homicide and the Urban Environment: An Introduction." Race, Place, and Risk: Black Homicide in Urban America. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990: 1-29. B&M Büthe, Tim and Walter Mattli. "Appendix 3: Survey Methods." In: The New Global Rulers: The Privatization of Regulation in the World Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011: 238-248.
Further ReadingLohr, Sharon L. "Appendix A: Probability Concepts Used in Sampling." In Sampling: Design and Analysis. Boston: Brooks/Cole, 2010: 549-562. Nov. 20-21: LAB SECTIONS THIS WEEK Who Governs Global Markets? Survey Research in IPE (Mon, Nov. 24) B&M Büthe, Tim and Walter Mattli. [Chapters 6, 7:] "Private Regulators in Global Product Markets", "The Politics of Nuts and Bolts—and Nanotechnology" and "Survey Methods." In: The New Global Rulers: The Privatization of Regulation in the World Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011: 126-161; 162-186. Wed, Nov. 26: NO CLASS (Thanksgiving) ASSIGNMENT 5 due Sunday, Nov. 30, 8pm Beyond Positivism History will not be kind to Neville Chamberlain. … I know because I am going to write it. — Winston Churchill as quoted by David Cannadine (Financial Times 19 Nov 2005). Roads Less Traveled: Non-Positivist Epistemology (Mon, Dec. 1) online Almond, Gabriel A. and Stephen Genco. "Clouds, Clocks, and the Study of Politics." World Politics vol.29 no.4 (July 1977): 489-522. e-res Silverman, David. [Excerpt from chapter 1:] "The Variety of Qualitative Methods." In Interpreting Qualitative Data: Methods for Analysing Talk, Text, and Interaction. London: Sage, 2001: 11-21.
e-res Huff, Darrell and Irving Geis. [Selection from:] "How to Talk Back to a Statistic." In How to Lie With Statistics. (First published in 1954.) New York: Norton, 1993: 124 132. LB Bartels, Larry M. "Chapter 9: Economic Inequality and Political Representation." In Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008: 252-282. Mon, Dec. 8: OPTIONAL REVIEW SESSION, TIME TBA Tue, Dec. 9, 2-5pm: FINAL EXAM Directory: ballard ballard -> Naqt you Gotta Know Lists You Gotta Know These Economists Adam Smith ballard -> Axial skeletal system requirements Download 61.36 Kb. Share with your friends:
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