EPC Exhibit 131-31.1
May 15, 2009
THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
Dewey Section
To: Caroline Kent, Chair
Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee
Cc: Members of the Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee
Karl E. Debus-López, Chief, U.S. General Division
From: Michael Panzer, Assistant Editor
Dewey Decimal Classification
OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc.
Via: Joan S. Mitchell, Editor in Chief
Dewey Decimal Classification
OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc.
Re: History of Africa
The goal of the exhibit is to provide a general update to the historical periods of Africa. Telegraphic notes describing the current political situation are given where appropriate.
The choice between unqualified year spans and administrations of heads of state to structure the sequence of periods is governed by several factors. A year span was chosen for those periods that are characterized by unrest and rapid succession of several – often military – administrations or transitional governments. A single named administration was used as a guiding principle for defining a period when an extended phase of stable rule has been prevalent, often preceded by uncontroversial elections. Sometimes this coincides with a general shift of the political situation towards democratic practices.
Similarly, the current period indicated by an open date remains unnamed if the administration has come into power by a coup d’état, is transitional or otherwise provisory, if it remains unclear if a democratically elected government will prevail after a long period of military regimes and restricted democratic practice (e.g., in Burundi), or if a transition of power has happened very recently (e.g., in Ghana).
Since there are multiple ways to represent the history of these diverse countries in the context of the DDC, after EPC we are going to seek advice from the Committee on Cataloging and Classification: Asian and African Materials and other experts recommended by EPC members and observers.
Historical periods
960.33 2000–
960.331 2000–2009
North Africa
961.05 2000–
961.051 2000–2009
East Africa
967.604 1961–1999
967.605 2000–
Tunesia
961.105 1956–
961.105 1 Administration of Habib Bourguiba, 1956–1987
961.105 2 Administration of Zayn al-ʻĀbidīn Bin ʻAlī, 1987–
Ethiopia
963.07 1974–
963.071 1974–1993
Class here chairmanship of Mengistu Haile-Mariam, 1977–1991; Somali-Ethiopian conflicts, 1977–1989
963.072 1993–
963.072 2 Administration of Negasso Gidada, 1995–2001
963.072 3 Administration of Girma Woldegiorgis, 2001–
Morocco
964.05 1956–
964.051 Later portion of reign of Muḥammad V, 1956–1961
964.052 Reign of Hassan II, 1961–1999
964.053 Reign of Muḥammad VI, 1999–
Mauritania
The country was under military governments from 1978–1992, followed by two decades (1984–2005) of authoritarian rulership by Taya, ended by a bloodless coup in 2005. A military council oversaw transition to democratic rule, holding democratic elections in 2007. The president was deposed by another coup in 2008; elections are to be held in June 2009, but an opposition boycott will most likely call their credibility into question.
966.105 1960–2005
966.105 1 1960–1978
Class here administration of Mokhtar Ould Daddah,
1961–1978
966.105 2 1978–1984
Class here chairmanship of Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidallah, 1980–1984
966.105 3 1984–2005
Class here administration of Maawiya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, 1992–2005
966.106 2005–
Mali
966.230 5 1960–
966.230 51 1960–1991
Class here administration of Moussa Traoré, 1968–1991
966.230 52 1991–2002
Class here administration of Alpha Oumar Konaré,
1992–2002
966.230 53 Administration of Ahmadou Touré, 2002–
Burkina Faso
Current president Campaoré became head of state in a coup in 1987 but was not elected president until 1991.
966.250 5 1960–
966.250 51 1960–1983
966.250 52 Administration of Thomas Sankara, 1983–1987
966.250 53 Administration of Blaise Compaoré, 1987–
Niger
Volatile and unstable as it is, there are many possible ways to provide for the history of Niger after it became independent from France.
966.260 5 1960–
Including administration of Seyni Kountché, 1974–1987
966.260 51 Administration of Hamani Diori, 1960–1974
966.250 52 1974–1999
Including administration of Seyni Kountché, 1974–1987
966.250 53 Administration of Mamadou Tandja, 1999–
Senegal
966.305 1960–
966.305 1 1960–2000
Including administration of Abdou Diouf, 1981–2000; Confederation of Senegambia, 1982–1989
For Gambian part of Senegambia, see 966.51031
966.305 2 Administration of Abdoulaye Wade, 2000–
Sierra Leone
Kabbah had a brief “first term” from 1996–1997. He was elected in 1996 but was overthrown and remained in exile in 1997–1998 until he was reinstated in 1998.
-
1961–2007
966.404 1 1961–1971
966.404 2 Administration of Siaka Probyn Stevens, 1971–1985
966.404 3 Administration of Joseph Saidu Momoh, 1985–1992
966.404 4 ‡1992–1998
Class here chairmanship of Valentine E. M. Strasser,
1992–1996; Sierra Leone civil war, 1991–2002
For Sierra Leone civil war during 1991–1992, see 966.4043
966.404 5 Administration of Amad Tejan Kabbah, 1998–2007
966.405 2007–
Gambia
966.510 3 1965–
966.510 31 Administration of Dawda Kairaba Jawara, 1965–1994
Including period as a part of Senegambia, 1982–1989
Class comprehensive works on Senegambia in 966.305
966.510 32 Administration of A. J. J. Jammeh, 1994–
Guinea
966.520 5 1958–
966.520 51 Administration of Ahmed Sékou Touré, 1958–1984
966.520 52 Administration of Lansana Conte, 1984–2008
966.520 53 2008–
Guinea-Bissau
966.570 3 1974–
966.570 31 1974–1980
966.570 32 First administration of João Bernardo Vieira, 1980–1999
966.570 33 1999–2005
966.570 34 Second administration of João Bernardo Vieira, 2005–2009
966.570 35 2009–
Cape Verde
966.580 3 1975–
966.580 31 Administration of Aristides Pereira, 1975–1991
966.580 32 Administration of António Monteiro, 1991–2001
966.580 33 Administration of Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires, 2001–
Liberia
966.620 3 1945–
Class here 20th century
For 1900–1945, see 966.6202
966.620 31 1945–1980
966.620 32 Administration of Samuel K. Doe, 1980–1990
966.620 33 1990–2003
Class here administration of Charles Ghankay Taylor, 1997–2003
966.620 34 2003–
Côte d’Ivoire
Following a coup in 1999 (the first ever in Côte d’Ivoire) that overthrew the government, Laurent Gbagbo was elected president in 2000. His mandate should have ended in 2005 but has been extended by the UN Security Council.
966.680 5 1960–
966.680 51 Administration of Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 1960–1993
966.680 52 Administration Henri Konan Bédié, 1993–1999
966.680 53 1999–
Ghana
Current president John Evans Atta-Mills was elected in January 2009.
966.705 1957–
966.705 1 1957–1979
Including administration of Kwame Nkrumah, 1957–1966
966.705 2 1979–2001
Class here administration of Jerry J. Rawlings, 1981–2001
966.705 3 Administration of John Agyekum Kufuor, 2001–2009
966.705 4 2009–
Togo
Current president Faure Gnassingbé was installed in 2005 and won a controversial election the same year. Next presidential election is to be held in 2010.
966.810 4 1960–
966.810 41 1960–1967
966.810 42 Administration of Gnassingbé Eyadéma, 1967–2005
966.810 43 2005–
Benin
Current president Boni Yayi was elected in 2006.
966.830 5 1960–
966.830 51 1960–1991
Class here first administration of Mathieu Kérékou,
1972–1991
966.830 52 Administration of Nicéphore Dieudonné Soglo, 1991–1996
966.830 53 Second administration of Mathieu Kérékou, 1996–2006
966.830 54 2006–
Nigeria
Current president Umaru Musa Yar'adua was elected in 2007.
966.905 1960–
966.905 1 1960–1967
966.905 2 Period of Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970
966.905 3 1970–1999
Including administration of Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida, 1985–1993
966.905 4 Administration of Olusegun Obasanjo, 1999–2007
966.905 5 2007–
Sao Tome and Principe
Current president Fradique de Menezes was elected in 2001, survived a coup attempt in 2003, and was reelected in 2006. Next election is to be held in July 2011.
967.15 *Sao Tome and Principe
967.150 1 Early history to 1975
967.150 2 Period of Republic, 1975–
967.150 21 Administration of Manuel Pinto da Costa, 1975–1991
967.150 22 Administration of Miguel Trovoada, 1991–2001
967.150 23 Administration of Fradique de Menezes, 2001–
Angola
The Angolan Civil War is generally recognized to have ended in 2002, not in 2000. Next presidential elections are going to be held in 2009.
967.304 2 ‡Administration of José Eduardo dos Santos, 1979–
Class here Angolan Civil War, 1975–2002
For Angolan Civil War during 1975–1979, see 967.3041
Central African Republic
967.410 5 1960–
967.410 51 1960–1979
967.410 52 1979–1993
Class here administration of André Kolingba, 1981–1993
967.410 53 Administration of Ange-Félix Patasse, 1993–2003
967.410 54 2003–
Burundi
Following a period of civil war and unrest, democratic elections were held in 1993. A coup d’état after 100 days led to a renewed period of civil war and unrest. A transition government was installed in 2003. In 2005, a new constitution was adopted and elections were held.
967.572 04 1962–
Including administration of Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, 1976–1987
967.572 041 1962–1993
967.572 041 5 Administration of Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, 1976–1987
967.572 042 1993–2005
967.572 043 2005–
Djibouti
Current president Ismail Omar Guelleh was elected in 1999 and reelected in 2005. Next election is to be held in April 2011.
967.710 4 1977–
967.710 41 Administration of Hassan Gouled Aptidon, 1977–1999
967.710 42 Administration of Ismail Omar Guelleh, 1999–
Tanzania
Current president Jakaya Khalfan Mrishowas Kikwete was elected in 2005. Next election is to be held in December 2010.
967.804 Period as United Republic, 1964–
967.804 1 Administration of Julius K. Nyerere, 1964–1985
967.804 2 Administration of Ali Hassan Mwinyi, 1985–1995
967.804 3 Administration of Benjamin W. Mkapa, 1995–2005
967.804 4 2005–
967.81 *Zanzibar and Pemba regions
967.810 4 1963–
967.810 41 1963–1985
967.810 42 1985–1995
967.810 43 1995–2005
967.810 44 2005–
967.82 *Mainland regions
967.820 4 1961–
967.820 41 1961–1985
967.820 42 1985–1995
967.820 43 1995–2005
967.820 44 2005–
Mozambique
Current president Armando Emílio Guebuza was elected in 2004 and became president in 2005. Next election is to be held in December 2009.
967.905 1975–
967.905 1 Administration of Samora Machel, 1975–1986
967.905 2 Administration of Joaquim Alberto Chissano, 1986–2005
967.905 3 2005–
South Africa
Current president Jacob Zuma was elected in April 2009.
968.067 Administration of Kgalema Motlanthe, 2008–2009
968.068 Administration of Jacob Zuma, 2009–
968.206 Period of Republic, 1961–
Add to base number 968.206 the numbers following 968.06 in 968.061–968.0678, e.g., period of administration of Nelson Mandela 968.2065
968.406 Period of Republic, 1961–
Add to base number 968.406 the numbers following 968.06 in 968.061–968.0678, e.g., period of administration of Nelson Mandela 968.4065
968.506 Period of Republic, 1961–
Add to base number 968.506 the numbers following 968.06 in 968.061–968.0678, e.g., period of administration of Nelson Mandela 968.5065
968.706 Period of Republic, 1961–
Add to base number 968.706 the numbers following 968.06 in 968.061–968.0678, e.g., period of administration of Nelson Mandela 968.7065
Botswana
Current president Ian Khama serves out the remainder of the term of Mogae. Next election is to be held in October 2009.
968.830 3 1966–
968.830 31 1966–1990 Administration of Seretse Khama, 1966–1980
Including administration of Seretse Khama, 1966–1980
Administration of Ketumile Masire during 1980–1990 relocated to 968.83032
968.830 32 1990– Administration of Ketumile Masire, 1980–1998
Including administration of Ketumile Masire during
1980–1990 [formerly 968.83031]
968.830 33 Administration of Festus Gontebanye Mogae, 1998–2008
968.830 34 2008–
Lesotho
968.850 3 1966–
968.850 31 First reign of Moshoeshoe II, 1966–1990
Class here prime ministership of Leabua Jonathan,
1966–1986
968.850 32 1990–
Including second reign of Moshoeshoe II, 1995–1996; prime ministership of Pakalitha Bethuel Mosisili, 1998 to present
Class here reigns of Letsie III, 1990–1995 and 1996 to present
Zambia
Current president Rupiah Banda serves out the remainder of the term of Mwanawasa (who was reelected in 2006). Next election is to be held in 2011.
968.940 4 Period as Republic of Zambia, 1964–
968.940 41 Administration of Kenneth D. Kaunda, 1964–1991
968.940 42 Administration of Frederick Chiluba, 1991–2002
968.940 43 Administration of Levy P. Mwanawasa, 2002–2008
968.940 44 2008–
Malawi
Current president B. W. T. Mutharika was elected in 2004. Next election is to be held on 19 May 2009.
968.970 4 1964–
968.970 41 Administration of H. Kamuzu Banda, 1964–1994
968.970 42 Administration of Bakili Muluzi, 1994–2004
968.970 43 2004–
Madagascar
After a political crisis in 2009, president Marc Ravalomanana (elected in 2001, relected in 2006) was forced to resign. The new transitional government remains controversial.
969.105 1960–
969.105 1 1960–1975
Class here administration of Philibert Tsiranana, 1960–1972
969.105 2 First aAdministration of Didier Ratsiraka, 1975–1993
969.105 3 1993–1997
969.105 4 Second administration Didier Ratsiraka, 1997–2002
969.105 5 2002–
Mauritius
After several acting presidents in 2002 and 2003, current president Aneerood Jugnauth was elected in 2003 and reelected in 2008. Next election is to be held in May 2013.
966.820 3 1968–1992
966.820 4 Period as republic, 1992–
966.820 41 Administration of Cassam Uteem, 1992–2002
966.820 42 2002–
Class here administration of Aneerood Jugnauth, 2003 to present
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