From the secretary to the government op india, foreign department to the resident in kashmir
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| FROM ... THE SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNMENT OP INDIA, FOREIGN DEPARTMENT
TO ...THE RESIDENT IN KASHMIR Dated Simla, The 27th September 1892. Sir, The Government of India has had under consideration the action which should be taken in consequence of the death of the Mehtar of Chitral, an occurrence which has materially altered the condition of affairs in that country. 2. Communications have been received from Afzal-ul-Mulk and Nizam-ul-Mulk, the two sons of the Mehtar, who both have claims to the succession. Afzal-ul-Mulk has addressed letters (copies enclosed) to His Excellency the Viceroy and to the Foreign Secretary, announcing the death of his father, and his own accession to the Masnad with the consent of' the people and of his brothers. Nizam-ul-Mulk has sent a letter by the hand of his foster brother to the British Agent at Gilgit, begging that a British Officer may be sent to Chitral to divide the country between the brothers and stop the fighting which must otherwise inevitably ensue. A reply is being sent direct via. Peshawar to Afzal-ul-Mulk expressing regret at the Mehtar's death, and congratulating Afzal-ul-Mulk his accession with the consent of the people and of his brothers. A copy of this letter is enclosed for record in your office. 3. With regard to the communication made by Nizam-ul-Mulk, the British Agent at Gilgit should acknowledge its receipt, and add that he will be prepared to listen to anything that Nizam-ul-Mulk may have to say, with a view to the establishment of an amicable understanding between the two brothers should Mr. Robertson have occasion to pass through Yasin on his way to Chitral, he might take the opportunity of giving good advice to Nizam-ul-Mulk. 4. The general lines upon which the policy of Government in Chitral and its neighbourhood should be based, have been laid down in my letter No.947-F., dated the 26th of May last; and the Government of India does not consider that the death of the late Mehtar renders necessary any departure from" the policy then indicated. It should be our endeavour to avoid, as far as possible, entangling ourselves in disputes which may arise between Afzal-ul-Mulk and Nizam-ul-Mulk, or in any tribal quarrels occasioned by them. The main object should be to provide adequately for the safety of the Gilgit Agency, and to adopt such means as may be indispensable for that purpose. The substance of this letter should be communicated to Colonel Durand for his information and guidance for that of the officers under his command. You have already "been requested-in my telegram No .2071-F dated 13th instant to submit proposals as to the action to be taken consequent on Aman-ul-Mulk's death; and I am to request that you will furnish them as early as possible, bearing in mind the foregoing observations. 5. A translation of a letter, dated 30th August, from Jamadar Rab Nawaz Khan is enclosed for your information. I have the honour to "be, Sir,
Your most obedient servant, H. M. DURAND SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
I was at the time of the occurrence of this calamity at Chitral; consequently after the remains of the Mehtar Sahib were duly interred, I sat on the "Masnad" (throne) of the Government and Mehtarship of Chitral, with the unanimous consent of my brothers, leading men, and all the people of this country, and in accordance with the usage and practice of my ancestors. In so far that the exulted Government of India are well aware of my well-wishes, sincerity of heart, and firmness of confidence, which are greater than those of my brothers, and as I am well known to the public for having attached myself to the Government, and as I used often previously to write and boast that I would do services to the Government, this is now the time for my fulfilling those boastful utterances. I beg therefore to state-that this is the time for the exalted Government to nourish me and show me favour; and I hope that the exalted Government will be pleased to favour and nourish me, and that regarding me, as their devoted servant, they will be pleased to render aid in enabling me to strengthen my own affairs. Since my elder brother, Sardar Nizam-ul-Mulk Sahib, was at Warshagum, he could not be present at Chitral. It is known and evident that, in accordance with the usage and custom of our country, the Government and its Mehtarship have no concern and connection, with the eldest brother; and among our ancestors this custom of the sole appropriation of the Mehtarship by the eldest brother never existed; on the contrary, any of the brothers, who should be elected by the unanimous consent of the people and be favoured by his good luck and fortune, could assume the Government. Consequently, if my elder brother enters into enmity with me, I will not surrender to him the territory, and, without doubt, I will oppose him and fight with him. I hope therefore that, should., such, a thing come to pass, the exalted Government would be pleased to render me aid and support, and that no one would be allowed to share with me in the Government. I hope that Your Excellency will be pleased to send me a reply as early as possible, so that myself and the people of the country may be relieved of all anxiety. And so long as I. shall continue to live, I will use my best endeavours in the performance of services entrusted to me, and will never fail or show negligence in my devotion; on the contrary, I will do better than my father. K.F. D, No. 1029 F. Translation of a report from Jemadar Rab Nawaz KHAN, to the address of the Foreign Secretary, dated the 30th August 1892. After compliments – I beg to report that the Mehtar Sahib died on Tuesday, the 30th August at 5 P.M. Since the last three days the Mehtar Sahib was subject to such attacks of pain in the chest as used to render him insensible for about twenty minutes, and he used to get three or four attacks daily in this manner. Sheikh, Chaulan Mohi-ud-din gave a purgative to the Mehtar on the 29th of August. The purgative relieved the pain, but today while the Mehtar was sitting in the Darbar and conversing with the people he suddenly died. Sardar Afzal-ul-Mulk, who was present at the time, has taken hold of the "Masnad" (throne) of Chitral and assumed its government with the consent of-the leading men and his own brothers. All the property, treasure, arms, weapons, &'c., have fallen into "Afzal-ul-Mulk's hands without any loss. Sardar Nizam-ul-Mulk is at Warshagum. Hearing this news, he will certainly come with an army to take possession of Chitral. It appears that it will be very difficult for him to succeed in his object, because all the people of the country have joined with Afzal-ul-Mulk, and have sworn on the Koran to be in firm union with him. If at this time, through the favour of the Government, aid and support be given to Afzal-ul-Mulk there would be no cause for any sort of anxiety. I consider that it would be advisable to give aid to Afzal-ul-Mulk at this time. Afzal-ul-Mulk has promised me that he will never transgress the orders of the Government or act contrary to them, and that he will" act according to their orders. This may also be known to you that, in the event of Afzal-ul-Mulk not succeeding in his object against Nizam-ul-Mulk, it is very likely, that he will flee either to the Russians or His "Highness the Amir of Kabul. I beg to" solicit' the favour of your sending me instructions early by the return dak for my guidance. K.F. D. No. 1026 F. Translation of a letter form SARDAR AFZAL-UL-MULK, to the address of the Foreign Secretary, dated the 7th of Safar 1310 H=30th of August 1892.
At the time of the occurrence of this calamity, I was present at Chitral. After the remains of the Mehtar Saheb were - interred with the unanimous consent of my brothers, the leading men, and/all the people of this country, and in accordance with the usage and- practice of my ancestors, I sat on the "masnad" (throne) of the Government and its Mehtarship. In so far that the exalted Government of 'India are well aware of my good wishes, sincerity of heart and firm, confidence, which are greater than those of my 'brothers, and as I have been boasting and claiming previously to, do services to the exalted Government, this is the time for my fulfilling those boastful utterances. I beg, therefore, to state that this is the time for the exalted Government to nourish me and show, me their kindness; and that regarding me always a devoted servant, you will be pleased to give your kind attention to the strengthening of my affairs. As my elder brother was at: Warshkum, he could not be present at Chitral. In accordance with the usage and custom of our country, it is evident the elder brother is not (exclusively), entitled to the Government and its Mehtarship, and such custom (of sole appropriation of Government by the elder brother) has never prevailed among our ancestors at all; on the contrary any of the brothers who should be elected by unanimous consent of the people, and be favoured by his good luck and fortune, the Government would belong to him. Consequently if my elder brother were to enter into enmity with me, I will never surrender the Government to him and without doubt I will oppose him and fight with him. I have therefore firm hope that, if the matter, comes to such a-pass, the exalted Government will be pleased to give me their aid-and support, and that no one will be allowed to share with me in the Government. I hope therefore you will favour me with an early reply as soon as possible, so that myself and all the people of this country may be relieved of their anxiety and feel assured. So long as I am alive, I will do nothing but perform services of the exalted. Government with extreme devotion, and to the best of my ability I will, with my life and property, endeavour (to perform service) with sincerity and goodwill. Translation of a letter from the Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department, to Sardar Afzal-ul-Mulk, Mehtar of Chitral No. 164-P.O., dated Simla, the 27th September 1892.
I am directed by the Viceroy to acknowledge the receipt of your letter to His Excellency, dated the 30th of August, I have also to acknowledge your letter to myself of the same date. In both communications you announce the death of your lamented father, the Mehtar Aman-ul-Mulk, and your own accession to the masnad of Ghitral, with the consent of your brothers and of the people. His Excellency the Viceroy has heard with great regret of your father's death Aman-ul-Mulk had for many years been a friend of the British. Government, and his good services will not be soon forgotten. The Viceroy desires to congratulate you on your accession, with the consent of the people; and or your brothers. His Excellency "Hopes that? you" will live long to enjoy the chiefship and that you will prove yourself by your actions a loyal friend of the Kashmir Darbar and the Government of India.
FROM.......THE RESIDENT IN KASHMIR TO.......THE BRITISH AGENT, GILGIT Dated the 3rd October 1892. Sir, I have the honour to forward for your information and guidance copy of a Mehtar to my address from 'the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department, No.2226-.F., dated 27th September 1892, with enclosures, conveying the orders of the Government of India with regard to the action to be taken in consequence of the death of the Men tar "of Ghitral. 2. With reference to the concluding part of paragraph 4 I shall feel obliged by your submitting any further proposals regarding the action which in your opinion should be taken consequent on Aman-ul-Mulk's death, bearing- in mind the observations contained in Sir Henry- Mortimur Durand's letter. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your most obedient servant W.F. PRIDEAUK RESIDENT IN KASHMIR Copy of a letter No.122-Camp,"dated" 8th October 1892 from F.D. Cunningham, Esq; C.I.E., Officiating Commissioner and Superintendent Peshawar Division to the Secretary to Government of India. Foreign Department, Simla. ____
I have the honour to submit for such orders as the Government of India may deem necessary, translation of a letter dated 4th instant-just received by me from Aman-ul-Mulk, son of the late Shah-i-Mulk Governor of Drosh. 2. When after the death of the Mehtar, Afzal-ul-Mulk seized Chitral he put his three half brothers Shah-i-Mulk, Bahram and Wazir to death and the petitioner, Aman-ul-Mulk, who is said to be only 9 years of age escaped with great difficulty. Fleeing from Chitral this boy' took refuge with Miangul, son and successor of the late Akhund of Swat, at Saidu. Shah-i-Mulk and his two brothers Wazir and Bahram were the sons of the Mehtar Aman-ul-Mulk by his wife the sister of Muhammad. Sharif Khan, Ex-Khan of Dir who for some time past-has been a refugee in Swat, and the sister of Shah-i-Mulk is married to Miangul. Though no letter has been received by me in behalf of this boy either from Miangul or Muhammad Sharif Khan, it is believed in Peshawar that the communication of which translation is enclosed has been dictated by these two Chiefs, 3 The messenger, who has brought the above communication has been kept at Peshawar pending orders from you. 4. Copies of this letter and enclosure have been forwarded to chief Secretary, Government Punjab and Resident in Kashmir. ________ No. 3035
Commissioners Office Peshawar Division, dated Abbottabad, the 10th October 1892. Copy of the foregoing with enclosure forwarded to the Resident in Kashmir, for information. Translation of a letter dated 12th Rabiul-Awal 1310 4th October; 1892 from Aman-ul-Mulk, son of Shah-i-Mulk to the Commissioner and Superintendent Peshawar Division after compliments. I am the son of Shah-i-Mulk., Governor of Drosh "During the life time of my grand father (the Mehtar of Chitral) Chitral has been under the control of the British Government and every service has been done by the Mehtar as well, as by my father. I trust that Government has heard the death of the Mehtar and of the death of my-father, who has been' murdered together with his two brothers. Arrangements were made to put me also to death but I fled on foot and in great distress. Under the rule of the British Government the murder of kings the imprisonment of the families of kings and the confiscation of their property are not permissible and the doers of such acts are held responsible. In this world I have no patron except British Government and I place myself at their disposal. I have arrived in Swat with 4 attendants and am prostrate with fever. I submit this petition because my father was servant of Government and had earned some certificates which I still possess testifying to his loyalty. I solicit favorable consideration and beg that Government may treat me honourably and call Afzal-ul-Mulk to account for murdering my father and two uncles and direct him to release my family from imprisonment and also the whole of the property which he has confiscated. My hereditary country should be made over to me. Should Government desire I will attend in British territory I also beg that I may be favoured with an early reply by hand of the bearer of this petition. Afzal-ul-Mulk has treated my family with great cruelty. If you are unable to do anything for me kindly submit this petition of mine as an appeal from me to the Government of India. I leave you to do as you may choose. No.5123 A copy of the under mentioned paper is forwarded to the British Agent, Gilgit, for information. By order, J.L.KAYE- ASSISTANT RESIDENT IN KASHMIR KASHMIR RESIDENCY, DATED THE 17TH OCTOBER 1892
TELEGRAM
FROM.... THE -RESIDENT IN KASHMIR TO ... THE SECRETARY I'O THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA F0REIGN DEPARTMENT No.1-A. Dated the 18th October 1892. Colonel Durand telegraphs from Gilgit 17th instant his views on policy to be adopted towards Ghitral. Begins. It appears to both Robertson and myself that the Mission to Chitral is under present circumstances necessary. The behaviour of the new Mehtar during his coming reign will be certainly influenced by the present attitude of Government and 1 strongly urge the conclusion of a clear and definite treaty with. Mehtar which will remove all grounds for suspicion of our ultimate objects and consolidate his power. I hope Government will issue orders speedily as the Mission which hope will, be on the lines laid down in my note. Will have serious difficulty and hardship unless it starts soon. The general line of treaty clauses should be telegraphed to me so that there may be no difficulty with the Mehtar on account, of Government not ratifying, any point agreed to by the British Commission. TELEGRAM FROM.......... THE RESIDENT IN KASHMIR TO................ THE SECRETARY I'O THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA F0REIGN DEPARTMENT Dated the 23rd October 1892. No.22-A. British Agent Gilgit telegraphs 20th instant in continuation of his telegram dated 27th idem. Begins I find that Afzal particularly, begs that Robertson and myself "may both be sent by Government at once Of course I cannot go but 1 wish most strongly again to urge the necessity of dispatching Mission. We can get everything we want, Road, Telegraph, Resident Officers, etc., but we must not loose the present opportunity. Ends, My opinion is that it would be' more satisfactory if Afzal could be induced to visit Gilgit in order to confer, with Colonel Durand but lf that cannot be arranged the Mission might be sent if the British Agent is convinced that it can reach Chitral in safety and that there is no risk of the members being held as hostages in the event of their not agreeing to impossible conditions. If Nizam remains at Gilgit there is probably little fear of this but it is a contingency which should not be overlooked. The conclusion of a Treaty implies some measure of equality between the contracting parties and an engagement in the form of a Sanad would perhaps be preferable but I would not contest Colonel Durand's view on this point. The engagement should not only provide for the construction of roads and telegraphs but also the right to establish Cantonments necessary as well as the reception at all times British officers whether Resident or not and it would be well if advantage could be taken of the opportunity to put a stop to the Mehtar sells his own subjects. I have not yet received from the British Agent an expression of his views with regard to Nizam. TELEGRAM FROM. ...... THE FOREIGN SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, FOHRTTRN DEPARTMENT TO........... THE RESIDENT IN KASJMIR. No. 2 526 -F. Dated Simla, the 26th October 1892. Your telegrams regarding Chitral. If Colonel Durand considers it safe Robertson should go at once to Chitral and do all he can to reassure Men tar and effect a settlement between him and Umra Khan. If both agree Robertson should lay down boundary between Chitral and Bajour and inform parties that infringement, of boundary so laid down will involve loss of our support. Until Lord Robert has met Ameer, it is undesirable to lay down definite boundary in Kafiristan or along Hindu Kush but subject to this Robertson can explain to Mehtar that it has been always the policy of the Government of India to maintain independence of Chitral and that this policy is unchaged. Government or India agree with you that Sanad would probably be sufficient but you will no doubt consult Robertson as to most suitable form of agreement. We should avoid doing anything to impair position of Kashmir as Suzerain of Chitral. In seems impossible to state terms of agreement more exactly now. Robertson must find out what the Mehtar wants and what he is really willing to agree, if we continue support given to his father. It will probably be better not to stipulate for right to place cantonments in Chitral. Robertson should keep in mind the danger of alarming the Mehtar or of imposing upon him conditions which he will accept under pressure now but is likely to resent hereafter. Our object should be to reassure him and keep him on our side. The organization of Chitral. Levies is an important point. TELEGRAM
FROM .....THE- RESIDENT IN KASHMIR TO...... THE BRITISH AGENT, GILGIT. No. 5155-G Dated Sialkot, the 28th October 1892. Your telegram regarding Chitral. Foreign telegraphs as follows. 'Begins, If Colonel Durand considers it safe Robertson should go-at once to Chitral and do all he can to reassure Mehtar and effect a settlement between him and Umra Khan. If both agree. Robertson should lay down "boundary between Chitral and Bajour; and inform parties that infringement of boundary so laid down will involve loss of our support. Until Lord Roberts has; met Ameer, it is undesirable to lay" down definite boundary in Kafiristan or along Hindu Kush but subject to this Robertson can explain to Mehtar that it has been always the policy of the Government of India to maintain independence of Chitral and that this policy is unchanged. Government of India agree with your that Sanad would probably be sufficient but you will no doubt consult Robertson as to most suitable from of agreement. We should avoid anything to impair position of Kashmir as Suzerain of Chitral. It seems impossible to state terms of agreement more exactly now. Robertson must find out what the Mehtar wants and what he is really willing to agree, if we continue support given to his father. It will probably be better not to stipulate for right to place cantonments in Chitral. Robertson should keep in mind the danger of alarming the Mehtar or of imposing upon him conditions which he will accept under pressure now but is likely to resent hereafter. Our object should be reassure him and keep him on our side. The organisation of Chitral Levies is an important point Ends. Please telegraph heads of agreement which Robertson proposes to lay before Mehtar. ........................ ........................ ........................ ................................................. TELEGRAM FROM –
TO Ghitral Mission. Headings of agreement proposed "by Robertson and self are, close alliance, Mehtar's foreign relations to be ruled by us, Assistant British Agent to live in Chitral with Military Officer for companionship Levies and Intelligence, Roads and telegraph to Chitral Right, To push troops into country whenever necessary To prepare positions in, re turn for this Mehtar getting subsidy and support given to his father Question of raising local Levies will be discussed raid conclusions arrived at submitted to Government. The present difficulty is Umra Khan. He is not likely to evacuate Narsat except under great pressure and Afzal is unlikely to accept anything short of this. Can Government bring pressure on Umra Khan at once to evacuate-country pending the settlement of conflicting claims, by Robertson. Sunned from Kashmir in case of Chitral is not sufficient. There must be agreement with Government of India.
FROM.... THE SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, FOREIGN DEPARTMENT TO ... THE RESIDENT IN KASHMIR N0.59-C.
Dated 9th November 1892. Your 743-G. 5th. The Government of India agree that the Mehtar should receive subsidy and "support given to his father agreement. Following conditions. Begins.
He is 'to regard himself as our friend and ally and to govern his external relations according to .our instructions, He is to receive a British Political Officer whenever desired. Express stipulation that military officer is to be associated with him seems hardly necessary but Government of India leaves it to Robertson to decide whether the point should be mentioned. He is to facilitate raising of levies and to supply us with intelligence. Ends. Insistence of right to make roads and telegraphs and stipulation as to pushing up troops seems calculate to alarm Mehtar and necessity of these conditions appears to be doubtful. We should not like to admit that there could be any question as to our right to move troops in Chitral. We see no chance of bringing pressure to bear on Umra Khan at present except through Robertson who might sent for him and explain that he is injuring his own prospects by encroaching on Chitral. Agreement with Mehtar might be in form of Sanand from Government of India. My formed telegram was intended to caution you against ignoring Kashmir altogether.  dated Nathiagali, the 2.0th October 1892.
From—R. Deny, Esq., Commissioner and Superintendent, Peshawar Division, To—The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. I have the honour to submit copy of letter No. 75 C., dated the 17th instant, from the Deputy Commissioner of Peshawar, with the closed letters, in original, addressed by Afzal-ul-Mulk of Chitral to His Excellency .the Viceroy, and Colonel Durand, C.B., British Agent at Gilgit. 2. A translation of the letter from. Afzal-ul-Mulk to my own address is also enclosed. This communication, though dated 8th Rabi-ul-Awal= 30th September 1892, has been received by me only to-day, together with the letters referred to above, and the cause of delay has not been reported by the Chitral messengers, Shujaat Khan and Slier Bacha, who are at Peshawar. 3. I solicit instructions whether" any reply should be sent by me to Afzal-ul-Mulk's letter; if so, to what effect, and whether he should be recognised as the ruler or Mehtar of Chitral. 4. Copies of this letter and of the two enclosures marginally noted have been forwarded for information of Chief Secretary to Government, Punjab, and to the Resident in Kashmir. I. — Letter No. 75C., dated 17th October 1892, from Deputy Commissioner, Peshawar II.—Translation of letter, dated 30th September 1892, from Afzal-ul-Mulk No. 75 C., dated the 17th October 1892. From—captain H. A. deane, Deputy Commissioner, Peshawar, To—The Commissioner and Superintendent, Peshawar Division. I have the honour to forward herewith three letters from Afzal-ul-Miilk of Chitral received today. The letter are as follows:- one, addressed to His Excellency the Viceroy, one to the Commissioner, Peshawar Division, and one to Colonel Durand. 2. It is confirmed by the messenger that brought the letters that Afzal-ul-Mulk is in full possession of Chitral, and that his brother, Nizam-ul-Mulk, has gone towards Gilgit with his family. ________
Translation of a letter from Afzal-ul-Mulk of Chitral, to the Commissioner and Superintendent-, Peshawar Division, dated the 8th Rabi-ul-Awal 1310=30th September 1892. After compliments.—I trust you will have received information regarding the death of my father, the Mehtar, which occurred on the 7th Saffar =30th August 1892, and which, has stained the hearts of his sons and friends with grief. As at the time of his death I was in attendance on him, so after performing his funeral ceremonies, with the consent of all the officers in this country, I took charge of the government and Mehtarship, and the whole of the territory of Chitral has submitted to me. My elder brother (Sardar Nizam-ul-Mulk) was in Warshagam, but considering that his stay there would affect the foundation of my authority and would disturb me in doing service to Government, I have, with concurrence of all the Chiefs of the country, expelled him from Warshagam towards Gilgit. As out of regard to my friendship with you it is desirable that I should send the above information to you, I therefore write this letter, and trust that you will consider me one of the true well-wishers and servants of the illustrious Government, and always favour me with news about your good health and any service. By hand of my servants, Shujaat Khan and Sher Bacha, I submit two closed letters - one to the address of the Government of India, and the other to the address of Colonel Durand, British Agent at Gilgit, at present on special duty at Simla, and beg that you will forward them. All well here. Translation of Sardar Afzal-Ul-Mulk's letter to the address of His Excellency the Viceroy, dated the 8th Rabi-ul-Awal 1310 H.=30th September 1892. After compliments.—I beg respectfully to inform Your Excellency that I have already submitted via Peshawar to Your Excellency the particulars of the death of my father, and the unanimous consent of .all the people of this country to my being their ruler, and that have also written the particulars to the British Agent, Gilgit. I beg now to state that the state of affairs is as follows:—that by the grace of God, and (the aid of the) good fortune of the generous government, the government of the country has become solely invested in me under the agreement and oath of all the people, high and low ; and my mind has thus acquired full assurances. As my elder brothers continuance at Warshagam was highly injurious to the foundation of my authority, and also to the due performance of my services to the Government, consequently all the people of this country considered his expulsion from Warshagam advisable, and he .was thus turned out from that place and expelled in the direction of Gilgit. Since the fact of my sincere attachment to the exalted Government, in the hope of doing services with extreme devotion, is known from a long time, I trust that the result of those hopes will now become evident, and manifest. I trust that even if my sincerity be not greater than that of the British officers of rank, it will never be less than theirs; and so long as I live I shall not fail to do services to the Government. The insincerity and the evil wishes which my brother entertained in regard to the Government are well known to all and it is not necessary to repeat them here Therefore I beg to request that as Gilgit is on the frontier, and as it is possible that he might escape to the "Yaghistan" (independent territory), or-some other direction, I consider it urgently necessary that he should be kept in Kashmir; and I shall be obliged for this act. Since in 'these days I "consider the presence of a British officer here advisable, nay, urgently requisite, for the purpose of consulting him in political and other affairs, I beg therefore to hope that Your Excellency will be pleased to favour me by sending Colonel Durand, British Agent, Gilgit, to visit me, so that the various urgent matters may be settled during the visit for which I shall be grateful. Further, I beg to state, as Your Excellency is well aware, that since the Khan of Jandol used to behave in a hostile manner towards my father, the latter was desirous of taking his revenge, and repelling his evil proceedings, but the Government did not permit my father to do so, and promised to make the said Khan desist from his improper proceedings. Now as the said Khan found an opportunity on the death of my father, when I had called away the men who had garrisoned the fort of Narsat in view to arrange my affairs in this direction, and the fort being thus left vacant, he sent his soldiers to the fort and has taken possession of it, and he has also commenced to build another fort. Since Narsat from olden times is my hereditary possession, and thank God, as I am, but the grace of God and the aid of the good fortune of the Government perfectly free, from the other affairs, I will never display weakness and turn away from opposing and encountering the Khan of Jandol. But since my territory is considered to be the territory of the Government, I hope that the Khan of Jandol will be warned, and that, in accordance with the orders of the Government, he will desist from interfering with the said territory. Otherwise, I will fight with him, and to the best of my ability I will not all of Umra Khan to take possession of my territory. But the grace of God and the favour of the Government I am in no way weak. After the above was written, I have learned that the Sipah Salar of His
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Translation of Sardar Afzal-ul-Mulk's letter to colonel dueakd, British Agent, Gilgit, dated the 8th Rabi-ul-Awal 1310 H.=30th September 1392. After compliments. — I have the honour to inform you that previous to this I wrote to you all the particulars of the death of my father. At present the state of affairs is as follows : —that by the unanimous consent, agreement and oath of all the people, high and low, of this country, the government of the country has become invested in me, and that my mind has acquired full assurances. As my elder brother's continuance at Warshagam was highly injurious to the foundation of ray authority and also to the due performance of my services to the Government, consequently all the people of the country considered his expulsion from Warshagam advisable, and he was thus turned out from that place and expelled in the direction of Gilgit. Since the insincerity and- evil-wishes- which my brother, entertained in regard to the Government are well known to you, it is not necessary to repeat them here. Since Gilgit is on the frontier, it is possible that he may escape to the Yaghistan (independent -territory) or some other direction, therefore I consider it urgently necessary that he should be kept in Kashmir. This is very advisable, and I shall feel grateful for it. Further the fact of my sincere attachment to the exalted Government in the hope of doing services with extreme devotion is known from a long time, I trust that the result of those hopes will now become evident and manifest, and I shall not fail to do services with utmost devotion to the Government. I trust that even if my sincerity be not greater than that of the British officers of rank, it will never be less than theirs. Since the matter of my government is a new one, I consider the presence of a British officer here advisable, nay, urgently requisite, for the purpose of consulting him in political and other affairs. I therefore hope that you will kindly obtain permission, and. come to Chitral and honour me with your visit. so that the various urgent matters may be settled during the visit, for which I shall be grateful. Further I beg to stage, as you know, that since the Khan of Jandol used to behave in a discourteous and hostile manner towards my father, the latter was desirous of retaliating upon him, and repelling his evil proceedings, but the Government did not permit my father to do so, and promised to make the said Khan desist from his discourteous proceedings. Now as the said Khan found an opportunity on the death of my father, when I bad called away the men who had garrisoned the; fort of Narsat in view to arrange my affairs in this direction, and the fort having thus fallen vacant, he sent his soldiers to the fort and has taken possession of it, and he has also commenced to built another fort. Since Narsat from olden times is my hereditary country, and, thank God, as I am by the grace of God, and the aid of the good fortune of the Government perfect from the other affairs, I will into show my weakness, and turn away from offering opposition to and encountering the Khan of Jandol. But since my territory is considered to be the territory of the Government, I hope that the Khan of Jandol will be warned, and that by the orders of the Government he will evacuate my territory. Otherwise to the best of my ability I will not allow him to seize my territory. By the grace, of God and the favour of the Government I am in no way weak. After the above was written, I learnt that the Sipah Salar of His Highness the Amir also, having found an opportunity in these days, has encroached upon a portion of Narsat, and has employed his own people in building a fort. I have strong hope that strict warning will be issued by the Government to these two aggressors prohibiting them from these proceedings. Otherwise, so long as I live, I will not stint in making use of the best, of my power and ability in the interest of my country I have nothing further to add except my wishes for your visit TELEGRAM FROM..... THE COMMISSIONER. ABBOTTABAD DIVISION, ABBOTTABAD TO ... THE RESIDENT IN KASHMIB No. 305
Dated Abbottabad , the . 14th November 1892. Deputy Commissioner, Peshawar, telegraphed last nigh-t begins. Eighty-five. Umra Khan of Bajour writes under date 18th Rabbi-us-Sani equal to 10th November received 13th November. Khair Muhammad officer in charge of fort Dir has sent two letters without date stating that Kokan Beg paternal uncle of Afzal Mulk and Governor of Darosh has fled and come to Shahu Baba in Dir. He arrived on evening of 8th November. Kokan Beg reports that Sher. Afzal brother of Aman-ul-Mulk deceased late Mehtar of Chitral who was in the limits of Budukshan suddenly fell upon Murid and Afzal Mulk and killed them and has captured Chitral. It is also said that some of the Amir's forces are with "Sher Afzal. Umra Khan has sent his men to Chittal for further information which will be communicated when received. Umra Khan adds that if Government believes him to be a friend and considers him it will grant him arms and ammunition in order to strengthen him and if it does not care for his friendship it will kindly inform him if Government intends as expedition against Chitral, he will prepare Ends. TELEGRAM FROM... ..THE BRITISH AGENT GILGIT TO "...THE RESIDENT IN- KASHMIR "Dated the 13th November 1892. My telegram about Afzal's death. Pressure of considerable Afghan force in Chitral though rumour current that Sher Afzal has some with him and others decending from Wakhan on Mastuj. Afzal's Governor of Wakhan with Bahadur Khan arrived here and joined Nizam. Afghan influence amounts to invasion of country protected by us in direct opposition to repeated assurance Amir would not be permitted to interfere. From information received appears Afzal trusted above assurance and that Amir dare not assist his uncle disregarding warnings and did not hold Do rah defile.. Rab Nawaz Doctor reported as yet safe but fate uncertain. Sher Afzal will almost certainly be Amir's tool and inimical to us. All our friends in the country are in danger and our hold on Chitral probably gone, all here consider. It seems advisable to move troops few miles beyond frontier to Gupis opposite mouth Yasin valley. With Nizam's and influential men's help, the Governor of Yasin has also declared, for Nizam, we can insure holding Yasin and be in a position to treat with Sher Afzal with authority. Afghan interference sure to be resented in Ghitral and we may, if advisable, overturn Sher Afzal without firing a shot and instate Nizam, who is now entirely with us and will agree to all our demands. I propose accordingly starting immediately with two hundred and fifty men and two guns directly Robertson returns from Gor where things seem most satisfactory. I propose to leave him in Political charge on the Chitral frontier with Daniel in command and Lockhart to Gilgit. * Evidently some mistake which I cannot rectify. (Sd.) J. L. Kaye. TELEGRAM FROM.......... THE RESIDENT IN KASHMIR TO...........THE FOREIGN SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, FOREIGN DEPARTMENT N0.789-G. Dated the 22nd November 1892. Following telegram dated 13th from British Agent Gilgit only received tonight. Begins My telegram about Afzal's death. Pressure of considerable Afghan force in Ghitral though rumour current that Sher Afzal has some with him and others defending from Wakhan on Mastuj. Afzal's Governor of Wakhan with Bahadur Khan arrived here and joined Nizam. Afghan influence amounts to invasion of country protected by us in direct opposition to repeated assurance Amir would not be permitted to interfere. From information received appears Afzal trusted above assurance and that Amir dare not assist his uncle disregarding warnings and did not hold Dorah defile Rab Nawaz and Native Doctor reported as yet safe but fate uncertain. Sher Afzal will almost certainly be Amir's tool and inimical to us. All our friends in the country are in danger and our hold on Chitral probably gone; all here consider. It seems advisable to move troops few miles beyond frontier to Gupis opposite, mouth Yasin valley. With Nizam's and influential men's help, the Governor of Yasin has also declared for Nizam, we can insure holding Yasin and be in a position to treat with "Sher Afzal with authority. Afghan interference sure to be resented in Chitral and we may if advisable, overturn Sher Afzal without firing a shot and instate; Nizam who Is now, entirely with us and will agree to all our demands. I propose accordingly starting immediately with two hundred and fifty men and two guns directly Robertson returns from Gor where things seem most satisfactory. I propose to leave him in Political charge on the Chitral frontier with Daniel in Command and Lockhart to Gilgit. Ends. The orders contained in your telegram No. 137-C of 21st have been communicated to British Agent Gilgit. Evidently some mistake which I cannot rectify. (Sd. J.L. Kaye) TELEGRAM FROM....... THE RESIDENT IN KASHMIR. TO ... THE SECRETARY. TO" THE GOVERNMENT, FOREIGN' DEPARTMENT No.817/5691 Dated the 30th November 1892. Following from British Agent Gilgit dated" 30th November, Begins. I most fully understand orders of Government and have I think carried out the Foreign Secretary's directions. I have repeatedly pointed out to Nizam that under no circumstances would we interfere in internal affairs but as he was our guest and free to go where he liked and I believed he would be joined as was proved by the people 1 let him go. My object as before stated in moving, troops to frontier was to secure safety of our agents to be in a position to treat successfully with Sher Afzal-ul-Mulk's Governor of Yasin. Belongs to Kushwakt family and has sympathy of Tangir and Daril people and did not like prospect of their joining him to resist Sher Afzal and possibly of setting Punyal border in a blaze. Moving troops to Gupis secured my objects. Have told Young husband to return there at once from Gizar. It may indirectly have given Nizam an advantage but we are in no way bound to him though if he succeeds he is bound to us completely. I propose recalling the troops very soon. Perhaps leaving enough on frontier to form escort to Mission should it go after all. Ends. TELEGRAM FROM.... THE BRITISH AGENT'AT GILGIT TO .... .. .THE RESIDENT IN KASHMIR No.2655/553 Dated the 29th November 1892. Your telegram- 5597/5625,-5627. Fully understand. My telegram of yesterday 2643/ 551 explains what I have done. I have in no way committed Government to Nizam though fact of moving troops to frontier exercised influence in his favour now that mass of fighting men have moved towards Chitral and Darelis with Mokaddas Aman are in front of Robertson have hot further necessity for troops at Gupis and have recalled them. Would go to Bunji myself but am more useful here at present. When Young husband and Daniel come back shall probably go down and take command or send Daniel. Meanwhile no danger of Robertson or Twigg doing anything rash. They fully appreciate necessity for caution, Nizam occupied Mastuj, was to have been there himself, on 27th. He forwarded and intercepted letter from Sher Afzal to Afghan Colonel in Wakhan saying he would call in if necessary. Most likely letter intended to fall into, Nizam's hands to frighten him. TELEGRAM FROM....... THE RESIDENT IN KASHMIR TO.......... THE SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, FOREIGN DEPARTMENT No. 826/5729 Dated the 5th December 1892. Colonel Durand telegraphs from Gilgit dated 29th November that he fully understands purport of your telegrams Nos. 148-C. , 2755-F. and 5657-G. and adds Begins. My telegram of 28th November explained what I have done. I have in no way committed Government to Nizam though fact of moving troops to frontier exercised influence in his favour. Now that mass of fighting men have moved towards Chitral and Darelis with Mokaddas Aman are in front of Robertson have not further necessity for troops at Gupis and. have recalled', them. Would go to Bunji myself but am more useful here at present. When Young husband and; Daniel come took shall probably go down and take command or sand Daniel. Meanwhile no danger of Robertson or Twigg doing anything rash. They fully appreciate necessity for caution Nizam occupied Mastuj, was to have been there himself on 27th. He forwarded and intercepted letter from Sher Afzal to Afghan Colonel in Wakhan saying he would call him in if necessary. Most likely letter intended, to fall into Nizam's hands to frighten him Ends. TELEGRAM FROM................ THE BRITISH AGENT AT GILGIT TO................. THE RESIDENT IN KASHMIR No. 2802/590 Dated the 11th December 1892. Nizam fearing treachery has not advanced beyond Drasan, begs British Officer may-be sent and urges occupation Yasin and deportation of Wali Muhammad. Latter also urges occupation Yasin. Presence of British Officer with Nizam would settle question and be I believe safe. Young husband ready to go with small escort. Khushwakt Khan returning Nizam reports Chitral is rather more inclined to Sher. Afzal than to Nizam but believing latter stronger and supported by us have joined him. Nizam asks for officer to remain permanently. I advise sending young husband immediately and placing troops at Gupis. Wali Muhammad remaining with us do no harm and can, if necessary, be if necessary, be replaced later by Khushwakt khan, who would be welcomed by people being of old ruling family and by Nizam. He is my most trusted man here. Mule road to Gakuch open in ten days and could be to Gupis in a month. Indus valley can well be held by troops now there. We shall regain complete command of Chitral acting thus. Please expedite order. TELEGRAM FROM ............ THE RESIDENT IN KASHMIR TO.................. THE SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, FOREIGN DEPARTMENT. N0.866-G/5889 Dated the 13th December 1892. Following from British Agent, Gilgit, dated December 11th Begins. Nizam fearing treachery has not advanced beyond Drasan, begs British Officer may be sent and urges occupation Yasin and deportation of Wall Muhammad; latter also urges occupation Yasin. Presence of British Officer with Nizam would, settle question and be I believe safe, Younghusband ready to go with small, escort. Khushwakt Khan returning from Nizam reports Chitral is rather more inclined to Sher Afzal than to Nizam but believing latter stronger and supported by us have joined him. Nizam asks for officer to remain permanently. I advise sending Younghusband and placing troops at Gupis. Wall Muhammad remaining with us can do no harm can, if necessary, be replaced later by Khushwakt khan, who would be welcomed by people being of old ruling family and by Nizam. He is my most trusted man here. Mule road to Gakuch open in ten days and could be to Gupis in a month. Indus valley can well be held by troops there. We shall regain complete command of Chitral acting thus. Please expedite order. Ends. TELEGRAM FROM............. THE RESIDENT IN KASHMIR TO ................... THE BRITISH AGENT GILGIT No. 5954
Dated the 16th December 1898. Your telegram 2779/584 of 9th December, following from Foreign Begins. The Governor General in council agrees with Colonel Durand that if Nizam-ul-Mulk is successful and wishes for a British Mission it should start as soon as possible. Ends. TELEGRAM FROM .................... THE BRITISH AGENT GILGIT TO ..................... THE RESIDENT IN KASHMIR No .28 64/608 Dated Gilgit, the 15th December 1892. I strongly advise action recommended in my 2803/580 of 11th. The tide is now completely in our favour. No danger "in Younghusband going or in move of troops as support to point suggested we shall rivet our hold on country and ruler. TELEGRAM FROM - THE RESIDENT IN KASHMIR TO - THE BRITISH ........, GILGIT. No. 101-G. Dated 21st December - 1392.
Begins. If Nizam-ul-Mulk is actually in possession; of Chitral Government of India agree to proposal that Young husband should go to him at once with small escort Also to proposal that troops should be moved to Gupis. Please inform Colonel Durand at once and ask him to take are that young husband has sufficient escort. We should not at present commit ourselves to keeping British Officer permanently n Chitral. Ends. TELEGRAM FROM................. THE RESIDENT IN KASHMIR TO.................... THE SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, FOREIGN DEPARTMENT No.904/6152 Dated the 26th December 1892. Following from British Agent, Gilgit, dated December 25th. Begins. Nizam anxious to be installed by British Official. If everything goes satisfactory with Mission and it seems advisable may Robertson in -name of Maharaja and Government of India formerly instal Nizam as Mehtar Chitral. Such action would make it manifest to all that Chitral is feudatory of Kashmir. Politically the effect on frontier would much strengthen our hold on Chitral. Ends. Download 1 Mb. Share with your friends:
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