Gonzaga Debate Institute 2011 Mercury China Coop Aff
Coop Good – Spill Over To Other Areas (2/3)
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Coop Good – Spill Over To Other Areas (2/3)Space coop spills over Beringer, Chief Executive Officer of the Berigner Group, No Date [Daniel, Chief Executive Officer of the Berigner Group, TED, “Does space exploration encourage international cooperation?”No Date. http://www.ted.com/conversations/748/does_space_exploration_encoura.html, accessed 6/31/11, HK] Pardon the brevity of this, I will happily answer any questions you may have. Space exploration encourages international cooperation for several reasons: As a branch of science and technology, space exploration is subject to some of the same trends. Scientists do not care so much about what country a scientist is from as they do about their scientific achievements. Look at the LHC; it's like the ISS of particle physics. Science dismisses national identity in favor of intellectual accomplishment. Space exploration is inherently scientific; space exploration dismisses national identity in favor of intellectual accomplishment. Honesty is required for effective cooperation between nations. You can't mess with the truth with rockets. They explode if you do. You can't fudge the numbers on orbital mechanics. You can't exaggerate your products capabilities; the difference between statement and reality will soon be obvious. Space requires honesty : international cooperation requires honesty. Space aides international cooperation by enforcing honesty.Space requires a level of competence bordering on perfection. You can't make many mistakes with a $20 million dollar satellite, much less with people lives. Having an international pool of talent to draw upon will reduce the chance of deadly mistake. Seeing the Earth as a brilliant blue crescent slowly spinning against the backdrop of diamond stars strewn across the depths of space can't help but to challenge ones national affiliations. You would begin to see yourself as a citizen of Earth. I haven't heard any astronaut say otherwise, and they'd be the best to know. Space exploration encourages international cooperation by way of an inherent honesty to the enterprise, a need for the best in the world, large scale projects like the ISS, and the visceral experience of seeing the Earth from space, bolstered by the shared international qualities of science. Co-operation solves for better relations and transparency Ressler, U.S. Air Force Major, 9 (Aaron R., Advancing Sino-U.S. Space Cooperation, April 2009, p. 15, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA539619, accessed 6/29/11) EK The first benefit of cooperation would be improved transparency.82 Secrecy of China’s space program has led to a suspicious outlook by many critics of this program. Space cooperation between the two countries could be based on regular meetings which “could help the two nations understand each other’s intentions more clearly.”83 With China as a partner, the U.S. would have better visibility and communication with the CNSA concerning China’s space activities, and the same would hold true for China. Reviewing China’s White Paper on its space policy and trying to make sense of its counterspace capabilities after the fact is the wrong approach. “If NASA signed an agreement with CNSA and began joint space projects, they would more easily and directly understand China’s space activities and directions.”84 Coop Good – Spill Over To Other Areas (3/3)The US faces a direct space competition with China in the status quo – plan is key to ensure cooperation not only in space but on earth Hitchens and Chen 8 (Theresa, Center for Defense Information, World Security Institute and David, CENTRA Technology, Inc, “Forging a Sino-US ‘‘grand bargain’’ in space” Space Policy 24 (2008) pg. 128–131, Available Online at Sciencedirect.com, Accessed June 28, 2011, EJONES) In Washington’s space security community the debate has coalesced around the question of whether the future of Sino-US relations in space should more closely resemble arms control or an arms race—illustrated by the intercepts and destruction of satellites by both nations a year apart. Whatever direction Washington and Beijing take in their nascent military space competition is certain to be followed by other major and emerging space powers. Unfortunately, the existing trend in both nations is for promoting an offensive space strategy aimed primarily at one another. With a new US administration, whichever candidate enters office will face the challenge of finding viable alternatives to the anti-satellite arms race that lies at the end of the present course, an outcome that would be in neither party’s interest. The incoming president might avoid such a security dilemma with China by utilizing the full range of US soft power, backed by realistic hard power consequences. This will require the incoming administration to expand its understanding of what constitutes a space issue, and to develop a deeper knowledge of what motivates China’s leadership. Using both persuasion and dissuasion to craft a kind of ‘‘grand bargain’’ with China regarding space, the next president may be able to steer Sino-US competition toward trade, economics and sport, rather than military oneupmanship. Accomplishing this would strengthen US national security and international stability in the Pacific region. Coop Good – AT – China Is A Bad Partner (1/2)China is a good partner in space projects – other countries are cooperating with China now in space projects Denny, retired US Naval Officer, Master in Science and Space Studies, 8 (Bart L., retired U.S. Naval Officer, continue my interest in the national security arena, Associate's Degree in Nuclear Technology, a Bachelor's Degree in Economics and Political Science, finished a Master of Arts in National Security Studies. , “international cooperation in human spaceflight: lessons learned from Russian participation in the international space station project,” bartdenny.com, http://www.bartdenny.com/iss-lessons-learned.html) KA While the U.S. has distanced itself from China in space activities, other countries are growing closer, including Russia, several in Europe, Brazil, and a number in the Asia-Pacific region. There exists a wide range of cooperation in space between Russia and China. In the period of 2004 to 2006, 29 new cooperation projects have been initiated. China and Russia will launch a joint deep space exploration program in 2007 and join forces to explore the Sun and Mars.9 Deep space exploration is not China’s strength and cooperation with Russia will help China to speed the development of relevant technologies in this field. With regard to the European Union, China was the first non-EU member state to take part in the Galileo project and has agreed to contribute 200 million euros. Throughout the first phase, it will invest 70 million euros in research. In addition, space cooperation projects between China and Europe include the “Double Star Program” and the “Dragon Program” between the European Space Agency and China’s National Remote Sensing Center. The “Double Star Program”10 has already achieved initial results, while the “Dragon Program”11 has played an active role in flood control and relief work in China. Drawing upon the high definition pictures provided by the satellite, the Chinese government is capable of making rapid disaster evaluation and initiating quick response. Sino-European cooperation continue to expand and on Nov. 28, 2005, the China National Space Administration and the European Space Agency signed a space cooperation agreement, covering areas such as space science, Earth observation, communications, navigation and microgravity research. The Earth resources satellite cooperation between China and Brazil can well be heralded as a model of mutually beneficial cooperation. It not only improves China’s satellite R&D ability but also allows Brazil to acquire independent remote sensing imaging through launching CBERS-2.12 Brazil no longer needs to rely on U.S. Earth resources satellites to provide ground pictures. China and Brazil have also explored the possibility of jointly researching and developing weather and communications satellites, signing a cooperative agreement in 2003. China has had success in multi-national cooperation in Asia as well. It has promoted the establishment of the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization. Headquartered in Beijing, APSCO is an organization that aims to foster multilateral cooperation in the application of space technology amongst its members which include Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan, Peru, Thailand, Argentina, Malaysia, Russia and Ukraine. China is a strong partner as its reliable and low cost space hardware and services offer an attractive option for these countries. China has fairly mature space launch capabilities and a burgeoning satellite industry. Cooperating with China allows partner countries to reduce their burden and lower risks. At the same time, it allows them to skirt U.S. regulatory obstacles. With the exception of the United States, no country classifies commercial satellites as munitions. Furthermore, only the U.S. views foreign satellites that contain American made components as its own product and therefore subject to stringent U.S. export controls. Many of the countries partnering with China are fed up with the U.S. practice of imposing its own standards on others. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 0.99 Mb. Share with your friends:
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